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CosmWasm / wasmd

Basic cosmos-sdk app with web assembly smart contracts
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Wasm Zone

CircleCI codecov Go Report Card license LoC

This repository hosts Wasmd, the first implementation of a cosmos zone with wasm smart contracts enabled.

This code was forked from the cosmos/gaia repository as a basis and then we added x/wasm and cleaned up many gaia-specific files. However, the wasmd binary should function just like gaiad except for the addition of the x/wasm module.

Note: Requires Go 1.21+

For critical security issues & disclosure, see SECURITY.md.

Compatibility

For contract developers

Since CosmWasm 1.0 the contract-host interface has not changed in a breaking way. Also CosmWasm 2.0 contracts remain compatible at the Wasm interface level.

To extend the feature set over time, contracts can specify required capabilities through cargo features in cosmwasm-std. The following table shows which of the latest capabilities are supported by certain wasmd versions.

capability >= 0.51 >= 0.42 >= 0.41 >= 0.31 >= 0.29 0.28
iterator x x x x x x
stargate x x x x x x
staking x x x x x x
cosmwasm_1_1 x x x x x
cosmwasm_1_2 x x x x
cosmwasm_1_3 x x x
cosmwasm_1_4 x x
cosmwasm_2_0 x

For node developers

The wasmvm dependency works in most aspects like any other Go dependency. When embedding wasmd as a module into your chain, wasmvm becomes a transitive (or "indirect") dependency of the final binary project. You can specify which wasmvm version you want in your node by adding it explicitly to go.mod or using a replace directive.

Please note that all minor version bumps of wasmvm are expected to be consensus breaking. For patch releases this should not be the case but there are many exceptions and corner cases.

The following table shows

wasmd compatible specified
0.51.0 2.0.x 2.0.0
0.50.0 1.5.x 1.5.0
0.45.0 1.5.x 1.5.0
0.44.0 1.5.x 1.5.0
0.43.0 1.4.x 1.4.1
0.42.0 1.4.x 1.4.1
0.41.0 1.3.x 1.3.0

Dependency resolution in Go is not obvious. In case of doubt, please use go list -m github.com/CosmWasm/wasmvm to get the dynamically calculated version of the wasmvm dependency. Also check

# Replace <node> with you binary name
<node> query wasm libwasmvm-version

for getting the libwasmvm version loaded at runtime.

Supported Systems

The supported systems are limited by the dlls created in wasmvm. In particular, we only support MacOS and Linux. However, M1 macs are not fully supported. (Experimental support was merged with wasmd 0.24) For linux, the default is to build for glibc, and we cross-compile with CentOS 7 to provide backwards compatibility for glibc 2.12+. This includes all known supported distributions using glibc (CentOS 7 uses 2.12, obsolete Debian Jessy uses 2.19).

As of 0.9.0 we support muslc Linux systems, in particular Alpine linux, which is popular in docker distributions. Note that we do not store the static muslc build in the repo, so you must compile this yourself, and pass -tags muslc. Please look at the Dockerfile for an example of how we build a static Go binary for muslc. (Or just use this Dockerfile for your production setup).

Stability

This is beta software It is run in some production systems, but we cannot yet provide a stability guarantee and have not yet gone through and audit of this codebase. Note that the CosmWasm smart contract framework used by wasmd is in a 1.0 release candidate as of March 2022, with stability guarantee and addressing audit results.

As of wasmd 0.22, we will work to provide upgrade paths for this module for projects running a non-forked version on their live networks. If there are Cosmos SDK upgrades, you will have to run their migration code for their modules. If we change the internal storage of x/wasm we will provide a function to migrate state that can be called by an x/upgrade handler.

The APIs are pretty stable, but we cannot guarantee their stability until we reach v1.0. However, we will provide a way for you to hard-fork your way to v1.0.

Thank you to all projects who have run this code in your mainnets and testnets and given feedback to improve stability.

Encoding

The used cosmos-sdk version is in transition migrating from amino encoding to protobuf for state. So are we now.

We use standard cosmos-sdk encoding (amino) for all sdk Messages. However, the message body sent to all contracts, as well as the internal state is encoded using JSON. Cosmwasm allows arbitrary bytes with the contract itself responsible for decoding. For better UX, we often use json.RawMessage to contain these bytes, which enforces that it is valid json, but also give a much more readable interface. If you want to use another encoding in the contracts, that is a relatively minor change to wasmd but would currently require a fork. Please open an issue if this is important for your use case.

Quick Start

make install
make test

if you are using a linux without X or headless linux, look at this article or #31.

Protobuf

The protobuf files for this project are published automatically to the buf repository to make integration easier:

wasmd version buf tag
0.31.x e0e5a6fa433449e695af692478c86fb5
0.30.x 6508ee062011440c907de6f5c40398ea
0.29.x 51931206dbe09529c1819a8a2863d291035a2549

Generate protobuf

make proto-gen

The generators are executed within a Docker container, now.

Dockerized

We provide a docker image to help with test setups. There are two modes to use it

Build: docker build -t cosmwasm/wasmd:latest . or pull from dockerhub

Dev server

Bring up a local node with a test account containing tokens

This is just designed for local testing/CI - do not use these scripts in production. Very likely you will assign tokens to accounts whose mnemonics are public on github.

docker volume rm -f wasmd_data

# pass password (one time) as env variable for setup, so we don't need to keep typing it
# add some addresses that you have private keys for (locally) to give them genesis funds
docker run --rm -it \
    -e PASSWORD=xxxxxxxxx \
    --mount type=volume,source=wasmd_data,target=/root \
    cosmwasm/wasmd:latest /opt/setup_wasmd.sh cosmos1pkptre7fdkl6gfrzlesjjvhxhlc3r4gmmk8rs6

# This will start both wasmd and rest-server, both are logged
docker run --rm -it -p 26657:26657 -p 26656:26656 -p 1317:1317 \
    --mount type=volume,source=wasmd_data,target=/root \
    cosmwasm/wasmd:latest /opt/run_wasmd.sh

CI

For CI, we want to generate a template one time and save to disk/repo. Then we can start a chain copying the initial state, but not modifying it. This lets us get the same, fresh start every time.

# Init chain and pass addresses so they are non-empty accounts
rm -rf ./template && mkdir ./template
docker run --rm -it \
    -e PASSWORD=xxxxxxxxx \
    --mount type=bind,source=$(pwd)/template,target=/root \
    cosmwasm/wasmd:latest /opt/setup_wasmd.sh cosmos1pkptre7fdkl6gfrzlesjjvhxhlc3r4gmmk8rs6

sudo chown -R $(id -u):$(id -g) ./template

# FIRST TIME
# bind to non-/root and pass an argument to run.sh to copy the template into /root
# we need wasmd_data volume mount not just for restart, but also to view logs
docker volume rm -f wasmd_data
docker run --rm -it -p 26657:26657 -p 26656:26656 -p 9090:9090 \
    --mount type=bind,source=$(pwd)/template,target=/template \
    --mount type=volume,source=wasmd_data,target=/root \
    cosmwasm/wasmd:latest /opt/run_wasmd.sh /template

# RESTART CHAIN with existing state
docker run --rm -it -p 26657:26657 -p 26656:26656 -p 1317:1317 \
    --mount type=volume,source=wasmd_data,target=/root \
    cosmwasm/wasmd:latest /opt/run_wasmd.sh

Runtime flags

We provide a number of variables in app/app.go that are intended to be set via -ldflags -X ... compile-time flags. This enables us to avoid copying a new binary directory over for each small change to the configuration.

Available flags:

Examples:

Compile Time Parameters

Besides those above variables (meant for custom wasmd compilation), there are a few more variables which we allow blockchains to customize, but at compile time. If you build your own chain and import x/wasm, you can adjust a few items via module parameters, but a few others did not fit in that, as they need to be used by stateless ValidateBasic(). Thus, we made them public var and these can be overridden in the app.go file of your custom chain.

Genesis Configuration

We strongly suggest to limit the max block gas in the genesis and not use the default value (-1 for infinite).

  "consensus_params": {
    "block": {
      "max_gas": "SET_YOUR_MAX_VALUE",

Tip: if you want to lock this down to a permisisoned network, the following script can edit the genesis file to only allow permissioned use of code upload or instantiating:

sed -i 's/permission": "Everybody"/permission": "Nobody"/' .../config/genesis.json

Contributors

Much thanks to all who have contributed to this project, from this app, to the cosmwasm framework, to example contracts and documentation. Or even testing the app and bringing up critical issues. The following have helped bring this project to life:

Sorry if I forgot you from this list, just contact me or add yourself in a PR :)