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|DOI|
External Module for ITK, implementing Isotropic Wavelets and Riesz Filter for multiscale phase analysis.
This document describes the implementation of the external module
ITKIsotropicWavelets, a multiresolution (MRA) analysis framework using
isotropic and steerable wavelets in the frequency domain. This framework
provides the backbone for state of the art filters for denoising, feature
detection or phase analysis in N-dimensions. It focuses on reusability, and
highly decoupled modules for easy extension and implementation of new filters,
and it contains a filter for multiresolution phase analysis.
The backbone of the multi-scale analysis is provided by an isotropic band-limited wavelet pyramid, and the detection of directional features is provided by coupling the pyramid with a generalized Riesz transform.
The generalized Riesz transform of order N behaves like a smoothed version of the Nth order derivatives of the signal. Also, it is steerable: its components' impulse responses can be rotated to any spatial orientation, reducing computation time when detecting directional features.
For more information, see the Insight Journal article <https://hdl.handle.net/10380/3558>_::
Hernandez-Cerdan P. Isotropic and Steerable Wavelets in N Dimensions. A multiresolution analysis framework The Insight Journal. January-December. 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/10380/3588 https://www.insight-journal.org/browse/publication/986
Cite with::
P. Hernandez-Cerdan, “Isotropic and Steerable Wavelets in N Dimensions. A multiresolution analysis framework for ITK,” arXiv:1710.01103 [cs], Oct. 2017.
In C++:
You need to build ITK from source <https://itk.org/ITKSoftwareGuide/html/Book1/ITKSoftwareGuide-Book1ch2.html>_
to use this module.
Since ITK version 4.13, this module is available as a Remote module in the ITK source code.
Build it with the CMake option: Module_IsotropicWavelets, this can be
switched on with a CMake graphical interface ccmake or directly from the
command line with: -DModule_IsotropicWavelets:BOOL=ON
For older ITK versions (>4.10 required if BUILD_TEST=ON), add it
manually as an External or Remote module to the ITK source code.
External::
cd ${ITK_SOURCE_CODE}/Modules/External git clone https://github.com/phcerdan/ITKIsotropicWavelets
Remote:
Or create a file in ${ITK_SOURCE_CODE}/Modules/Remote called
IsotropicWavelets.remote.cmake (already there in ITK-4.13) with the
content::
itk_fetch_module(IsotropicWavelets "IsotropicWavelets Extenal Module." GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/phcerdan/ITKIsotropicWavelets GIT_TAG master )
Python ^^^^^^
In Python::
pip install itk-isotropicwavelets
[x] Steerable Pyramid in the frequency domain.
[x] Undecimated Steerable Pyramid.
[x] Generalized Riesz Filter Bank of order N (smoothed derivatives)
[x] Steering framework (RieszRotationMatrix).
[x] FrequencyBandImageFilter.
[x] Monogenic Signal Phase Analysis.
[x] Simoncelli, Shannon, Held and Vow Isotropic Wavelets.
[x] Shrinker and Expander in spatial domain with no interpolation.
[x] StructureTensor.
[x] Simple test to every wavelet (Vow, Held, Simoncelli, Shannon),
instead of relying on the implicit testing with the
WaveletBankGenerator.
The work is inspired by the monogenic signal from literature, that uses wavelets and riesz filter to provide a multiscale denoise and segmentation mechanism.
The Riesz filter is a Hilbert transform for ND, that provides phase information, ie feature detection, in every dimension.
Wavelets are really important in signal analysis, they are able to perform a multiscale analysis of a signal. Similar to a windowed Fourier Transform, but with the advantage that the spatial resolution (the window) can be modulated, retaining more information from the original image.
In this implementation only isotropic wavelets are considered. These are wavelets that depend on the modulo of the frequency vector. There are not many mother isotropic wavelets developed in the literature, I implemented 4 of them here from respective papers (see specific docs for more information). The main advantage of isotropic wavelets is that they are steerable, as shown by Simoncelli, steering the wavelet at each location provides adaptability to different signal, and can be used along PCA methods to select the best matching "steer" at each location and scale.
Input to filters in this module needs to be in the dual space (frequency). For example, from the output of an forward FFT. The decision is made to avoid performing multiple FFT.
Also a FrequencyShrinker and an Expander WITHOUT any interpolation, just
chopping and adding zeros have been added.
Because the layout of the frequencies after an FFT is implementation dependent (FFTW and VNL should share the same layout, but Python FFT might be different, etc.), I added an iterator to abstract this layout. It has a function GetFrequencyIndex(), that facilitates implementation of further frequency filters.
Right now this iterator has been tested with the option ITK_USES_FFTW,
but should work for the default VNL.
Summary of components and files:
Frequency Iterators ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
::
itkFrequencyImageRegionConstIteratorWithIndex.h itkFrequencyImageRegionIteratorWithIndex.h itkFrequencyFFTLayoutImageRegionConstIteratorWithIndex.h itkFrequencyFFTLayoutImageRegionIteratorWithIndex.h itkFrequencyShiftedFFTLayoutImageRegionConstIteratorWithIndex.h itkFrequencyShiftedFFTLayoutImageRegionIteratorWithIndex.h
FrequencyFunctions ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Base and Derived Classes ''''''''''''''''''''''''
itkFrequencyFunction.h
itkIsotropicFrequencyFunction.h
itkIsotropicWaveletFrequencyFunction.h itkIsotropicWaveletFrequencyFunction.hxx
Wavelets Functions (IsotropicWaveletFrequencyFunction)
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
::
itkHeldIsotropicWavelet.h itkHeldIsotropicWavelet.hxx
itkSimoncelliIsotropicWavelet.h itkSimoncelliIsotropicWavelet.hxx
itkShannonIsotropicWavelet.h itkShannonIsotropicWavelet.hxx
itkVowIsotropicWavelet.h itkVowIsotropicWavelet.hxx
Wavelets Generators (use functions to create ImageSources)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
::
itkWaveletFrequencyFilterBankGenerator.h itkWaveletFrequencyFilterBankGenerator.hxx
Riesz Function (FrequencyFunction)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
::
itkRieszFrequencyFunction.h itkRieszFrequencyFunction.hxx
Riesz Generator (use functions to create ImageSources)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
::
itkRieszFrequencyFilterBankGenerator.h itkRieszFrequencyFilterBankGenerator.hxx
Frequency Related Image Filters ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Frequency Expand/Shrinkers ''''''''''''''''''''''''''
::
itkFrequencyExpandImageFilter.h itkFrequencyExpandImageFilter.hxx itkFrequencyShrinkImageFilter.h itkFrequencyShrinkImageFilter.hxx
itkFrequencyExpandViaInverseFFTImageFilter.h itkFrequencyExpandViaInverseFFTImageFilter.hxx itkFrequencyShrinkViaInverseFFTImageFilter.h itkFrequencyShrinkViaInverseFFTImageFilter.hxx
MonogenicSignal Filter (Riesz Function in all dimensions) '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
::
itkMonogenicSignalFrequencyImageFilter.h itkMonogenicSignalFrequencyImageFilter.hxx
FrequencyBand Filter (pass or stop freq band) '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
::
itkFrequencyBandImageFilter.h itkFrequencyBandImageFilter.hxx
Forward/Inverse Wavelet (ImageFilter, apply wavelet pyramid using generators)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Decimated '''''''''
::
itkWaveletFrequencyForward.h itkWaveletFrequencyForward.hxx
itkWaveletFrequencyInverse.h itkWaveletFrequencyInverse.hxx
Undecimated '''''''''''
::
itkWaveletFrequencyForwardUndecimated.h itkWaveletFrequencyForwardUndecimated.hxx
itkWaveletFrequencyInverseUndecimated.h itkWaveletFrequencyInverseUndecimated.hxx
Wavelet independent ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Local estimator over a neighborhood. Get the linear combination of inputs that maximize the response at every pixel.
::
itkStructureTensor.h itkStructureTensor.hxx
Regular shrinkers without interpolation '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
::
itkExpandWithZerosImageFilter.h itkExpandWithZerosImageFilter.hxx itkShrinkDecimateImageFilter.h itkShrinkDecimateImageFilter.hxx
Wrappers without new functionality ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
::
itkVectorInverseFFTImageFilter.h itkVectorInverseFFTImageFilter.hxx
itkZeroDCImageFilter.h itkZeroDCImageFilter.hxx
Helpers (Linear index to subindex array) ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
::
itkInd2Sub.h
Phase Analysis ''''''''''''''
::
itkPhaseAnalysisImageFilter.h itkPhaseAnalysisImageFilter.hxx
itkPhaseAnalysisSoftThresholdImageFilter.h itkPhaseAnalysisSoftThresholdImageFilter.hxx
Riesz Rotation Matrix (Steerable Matrix) ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
::
itkRieszRotationMatrix.h itkRieszRotationMatrix.hxx
itkRieszUtilities.h itkRieszUtilities.cxx
This software is distributed under the Apache 2.0 license. Please see the LICENSE file for details.