Consolidate protocol versions in `cardano-tools`

[amesgen]

Currently, the Cardano protocol versions are defined twice in ouroboros-consensus-cardano-tools:

• For db-analyser in Cardano.Tools.DBAnalyser.Block.Cardano

  Here, e.g. alonzoProtVer is correctly set to 7 since input-output-hk/ouroboros-network#4377 (note that, somewhat confusingly, this is not the Alonzo protocol version, see this comment): https://github.com/IntersectMBO/ouroboros-consensus/blob/eddc225de3cb7a5e803ccf83e32242fa3e131e55/ouroboros-consensus-cardano-tools/src/Cardano/Tools/DBAnalyser/Block/Cardano.hs#L329

• For db-synthesizer in Cardano.Node.Protocol.Cardano

  Here, e.g. alonzoProtVer is incorrect: https://github.com/IntersectMBO/ouroboros-consensus/blob/eddc225de3cb7a5e803ccf83e32242fa3e131e55/ouroboros-consensus-cardano-tools/src/Cardano/Node/Protocol/Cardano.hs#L210

The goal of this ticket is to correct these discrepancies by consolidating them. This can serve as the baseline to extract this into a library that can also be reused in the node here, cf. input-output-hk/ouroboros-network#3925.

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For your convenience: See this table from CIP-0059 for an overview of the different protocol versions.

[nfrisby]

We chatted and initially think the ouroboros-consensus-cardano package would be a natural place for this consolidated value to be exported.

[nfrisby]

Related to #275