3D-BBS: Global Localization for 3D Point Cloud Scan Matching Using Branch-and-Bound Algorithm

@inproceedings{aoki20243dbbs,
  title={3D-BBS: Global Localization for 3D Point Cloud Scan Matching Using Branch-and-Bound Algorithm}, 
  author={Koki Aoki and Kenji Koide and Shuji Oishi and Masashi Yokozuka and Atsuhiko Banno and Junichi Meguro},
  booktitle={IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation},
  year={2024},
  organization={IEEE}
}

🔍 Quick understanding about 3D-BBS

Task

• 3D global localization for such as robot's initial pose estimation

Input

• A single 3D LiDAR scan aligned in the gravity direction by using such as IMU
  (Although 3D-BBS also performs 6DoF search without gravity aligning, the processing time is more than 10 times longer.)
• 3D pre-built point cloud map

Output

• $4\times4$ transformation matrix about coarse sensor pose in map coordinates.

Main Features

• Full search algorithm based on branch-and-bound (BnB) scan matching
• Fast processing (latest: about 20 ms ~) by proposed GPU-accelerated BnB and roto-translational branching
• No initial pose (we assume that the roll and pitch angles are roughly estimated by IMU for faster processing)
• Low voxelmap memory consumption due to sparse hash map

Other Features

📣 News

The latest implementation demonstrates faster processing time than our paper. Performance on our test data:

• Hierarchical voxelmap construction
  • Paper: 9,272 ms on average
  • Latest: 3,494 ms on average
  • Load saved voxelmaps directly: 130 ms on average (See step 5 on this page to save voxelmaps)
• Global localization
  • Paper: 878 ms on average
  • Latest: 189 ms on average

The hardware configuration (Intel Core i7-10700K 3.8GHz, 32GB RAM, and NVIDIA GeForce RTX2060) is the same as in the paper.

✅ Dependencies

• bbs3d (Lower versions are not tested)
  • CMake
  • Eigen3 (3.4.0 or higher)
  • OpenMP
  • CUDA (12.0 or higher)
• test
  • (All bbs3d dependencies)
  • PCL
• ros2_test
  • (All bbs3d dependencies)
  • ros2 humble

Support Docker 🐳

If nvidia driver is 525.60.11 or higher, try docker!
For more information, you can check docker_start.md

🌟 3D-BBS core source code

Build and Install

# Note: If you are using Eigen3 below 3.4.0, git clone with --recursive
git clone https://github.com/KOKIAOKI/3d_bbs.git
cd 3d_bbs
mkdir build && cd build

• CPU ver. & GPU ver. (Please ignore the large number of warnings)

  cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
  make -j
  sudo make install

• CPU ver. only

  cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DBUILD_CUDA=OFF
  make -j
  sudo make install

📋 Test code

See test_code.md

🤖 ROS 2 test code

See ros2_test_code.md

💻 Use 3D-BBS in your cmake project

🌈 Acknowledgement

I sincerely appreciate the authors for generously sharing their public code.
hdl_global_localization
cartographer
TEASER-plusplus