WebView for JetBrains Compose Multiplatform

🚨 Seeking Desktop Maintainer 🚨

Unfortunately, our current desktop platform maintainer, @DATL4G, cannot continue his role due to other commitments. We are now looking for a new team member who can take over the desktop side of the library, handling development, issue resolution, and feature enhancements. If you're a desktop developer ready to dive into open-source, we want you!

Contact: zoumingjie17@163.com

Note This library is built using the compose multiplatform library template. It supports automatic package publishing, documentation, and code style checking.

This library can be considered as the Multiplatform version of Compose WebView library. It provides the basic WebView functionalities for JetBrains Compose Multiplatform, which supports loading URLs, HTML, and post data. Currently, it supports the platforms of Android, iOS, and Desktop.

The Android implementation of this library relies on the web module from the Accompanist Library.
- Note: it has been deprecated in version 0.33.1-alpha. Thus I created a fork of it and used it as the base for this library. If you just want to use the WebView in Jetpack Compose, please visit this repo: https://github.com/KevinnZou/compose-webview.
The iOS implementation of this library relies on WKWebView.
The Desktop implementation of this library relies on JavaFX WebView for version <= 1.2.0.
- Thanks to @DATL4G, starting from version 1.3.0, we switched to Java CEF Browser for better performance.
- starting from version 1.7.0, we switched from Java CEF Browser to Kotlin CEF Browser for more features and better performance.
- Note: After switching to KCEF, developers need to configure it for the desktop app. Please see the README.desktop.md for more details.

For more information, visit the documentation: https://kevinnzou.github.io/compose-webview-multiplatform/

Basic Usage

Note: Developers targeting the Desktop platform should refer to README.desktop.md for setup instructions first.

To use this widget, two key APIs are needed: WebView, which provides the layout, and rememberWebViewState(url) which provides some remembered state including the URL to display.

The basic usage is as follows:

val state = rememberWebViewState("https://example.com")

WebView(state)

This will display a WebView in your Compose layout that shows the URL provided.

WebView State

This library provides a WebViewState class as a state holder to hold the state for the WebView.

class WebViewState(webContent: WebContent) {
    var lastLoadedUrl: String? by mutableStateOf(null)
        internal set

    /**
     *  The content being loaded by the WebView
     */
    var content: WebContent by mutableStateOf(webContent)

    /**
     * Whether the WebView is currently [LoadingState.Loading] data in its main frame (along with
     * progress) or the data loading has [LoadingState.Finished]. See [LoadingState]
     */
    var loadingState: LoadingState by mutableStateOf(LoadingState.Initializing)
        internal set

    /**
     * Whether the webview is currently loading data in its main frame
     */
    val isLoading: Boolean
        get() = loadingState !is LoadingState.Finished

    /**
     * The title received from the loaded content of the current page
     */
    var pageTitle: String? by mutableStateOf(null)
        internal set

    /**
     * A list for errors captured in the last load. Reset when a new page is loaded.
     * Errors could be from any resource (iframe, image, etc.), not just for the main page.
     * To filter for only main frame errors, use [WebViewError.isFromMainFrame].
     */
    val errorsForCurrentRequest: SnapshotStateList<WebViewError> = mutableStateListOf()

    /**
     * Custom Settings for WebView.
     */
    val webSettings: WebSettings by mutableStateOf(WebSettings())

    // We need access to this in the state saver. An internal DisposableEffect or AndroidView
    // onDestroy is called after the state saver and so can't be used.
    internal var webView by mutableStateOf<IWebView?>(null)
}

It can be created using the rememberWebViewState function, which can be remembered across Compositions.

val state = rememberWebViewState("https://github.com/KevinnZou/compose-webview-multiplatform")

/**
 * Creates a WebView state that is remembered across Compositions.
 *
 * @param url The url to load in the WebView
 * @param additionalHttpHeaders Optional, additional HTTP headers that are passed to [WebView.loadUrl].
 *                              Note that these headers are used for all subsequent requests of the WebView.
 */
@Composable
fun rememberWebViewState(
    url: String,
    additionalHttpHeaders: Map<String, String> = emptyMap()
)

/**
 * Creates a WebView state that is remembered across Compositions.
 *
 * @param data The uri to load in the WebView
 * @param baseUrl The URL to use as the page's base URL.
 * @param encoding The encoding of the data in the string.
 * @param mimeType The MIME type of the data in the string.
 * @param historyUrl The history URL for the loaded HTML. Leave null to use about:blank.
 */
@Composable
fun rememberWebViewStateWithHTMLData(
    data: String,
    baseUrl: String? = null,
    encoding: String = "utf-8",
    mimeType: String? = null,
    historyUrl: String? = null
)

/**
 * Creates a WebView state that is remembered across Compositions.
 *
 * @param fileName The file to load in the WebView
 */
@Composable
fun rememberWebViewStateWithHTMLFile(
    fileName: String,
)

Developers can use the WebViewState to get the loading information of the WebView, such as the loading progress, the loading status, and the URL of the current page.

Column {
    val state = rememberWebViewState("https://github.com/KevinnZou/compose-webview-multiplatform")

    Text(text = "${state.pageTitle}")
    val loadingState = state.loadingState
    if (loadingState is LoadingState.Loading) {
        LinearProgressIndicator(
            progress = loadingState.progress,
            modifier = Modifier.fillMaxWidth()
        )
    }
    WebView(
        state
    )
}

WebView Navigator

This library provides a WebViewNavigator class to control over the navigation of a WebView from outside the composable. E.g.for performing a back navigation in response to the user clicking the " up" button in a TopAppBar. It can be used to load a new URL, evaluate the JavaScript, and go back and forward in the history.

class WebViewNavigator(private val coroutineScope: CoroutineScope) {

    /**
     * True when the web view is able to navigate backwards, false otherwise.
     */
    var canGoBack: Boolean by mutableStateOf(false)
        internal set

    /**
     * True when the web view is able to navigate forwards, false otherwise.
     */
    var canGoForward: Boolean by mutableStateOf(false)
        internal set

    fun loadUrl(url: String, additionalHttpHeaders: Map<String, String> = emptyMap()) {}

    fun loadHtml(
        html: String,
        baseUrl: String? = null,
        mimeType: String? = null,
        encoding: String? = "utf-8",
        historyUrl: String? = null
    ) {
    }

    fun postUrl(
        url: String,
        postData: ByteArray
    ) {
    }

    fun evaluateJavaScript(script: String, callback: ((String) -> Unit)? = null)

    /**
     * Navigates the webview back to the previous page.
     */
    fun navigateBack() {}

    /**
     * Navigates the webview forward after going back from a page.
     */
    fun navigateForward() {}

    /**
     * Reloads the current page in the webview.
     */
    fun reload() {}

    /**
     * Stops the current page load (if one is loading).
     */
    fun stopLoading() {}
}

It can be created using the rememberWebViewNavigator function, which can be remembered across Compositions.

val navigator = rememberWebViewNavigator()

@Composable
fun rememberWebViewNavigator(
    coroutineScope: CoroutineScope = rememberCoroutineScope()
): WebViewNavigator = remember(coroutineScope) { WebViewNavigator(coroutineScope) }

Developers can use the WebViewNavigator to control the navigation of the WebView.

val navigator = rememberWebViewNavigator()

Column {
    val state = rememberWebViewState("https://example.com")
    val navigator = rememberWebViewNavigator()

    TopAppBar(
        title = { Text(text = "WebView Sample") },
        navigationIcon = {
            if (navigator.canGoBack) {
                IconButton(onClick = { navigator.navigateBack() }) {
                    Icon(
                        imageVector = Icons.Default.ArrowBack,
                        contentDescription = "Back"
                    )
                }
            }
        }
    )
    Text(text = "${state.pageTitle}")
    val loadingState = state.loadingState
    if (loadingState is LoadingState.Loading) {
        LinearProgressIndicator(
            progress = loadingState.progress,
            modifier = Modifier.fillMaxWidth()
        )
    }
    WebView(
        state = state,
        navigator = navigator
    )
}

Communication between WebView and Native

Starting from version 1.8.0, this library provides a WebViewJsBridge to allow developers to communicate between the WebView and Native. Developers can use the JsBridge to register a handler to handle the message from the WebView.

val jsBridge = rememberWebViewJsBridge()

LaunchedEffect(jsBridge) {
    jsBridge.register(GreetJsMessageHandler())
}

The handler should implement the IJsMessageHandler interface.

interface IJsMessageHandler {
    fun methodName(): String

    fun canHandle(methodName: String) = methodName() == methodName

    fun handle(
        message: JsMessage,
        callback: (String) -> Unit,
    )

}

class GreetJsMessageHandler : IJsMessageHandler {
    override fun methodName(): String {
        return "Greet"
    }

    override fun handle(message: JsMessage, callback: (String) -> Unit) {
        Logger.i {
            "Greet Handler Get Message: $message"
        }
        val param = processParams<GreetModel>(message)
        val data = GreetModel("KMM Received ${param.message}")
        callback(dataToJsonString(data))
    }
}

Developers can use the window.kmpJsBridge.callNative to send a message to the Native. It receives three parameters:

methodName: the name of the handler registered in the Native.
params: the parameters to send to the Native. It needs to be a JSON string.
callback: the callback function to handle the response from the Native. It receives a JSON string as the parameter. Pass null if no callback is needed.

window.kmpJsBridge.callNative = function (methodName, params, callback) {
    ...
}

Here is an example:

window.kmpJsBridge.callNative("Greet",JSON.stringify({message:"Hello"}),
  function (data) {
    document.getElementById("subtitle").innerText = data;
    console.log("Greet from Native: " + data);
  }
);

Note: Starting from version 1.8.6, the name of the JsBridge is configurable. Developers can configure it in the rememberWebViewJsBridge method. This library uses the kmpJsBridge as the default.

Request Interceptor

Starting from version 1.9.8, this library provides a RequestInterceptor to allow developers to intercept the request and modify the request headers. It only supports the Android and iOS platform for now.

/**
 * Interface for intercepting requests in WebView.
 */
interface RequestInterceptor {
    fun onInterceptUrlRequest(
        request: WebRequest,
        navigator: WebViewNavigator,
    ): WebRequestInterceptResult
}

The onInterceptUrlRequest method will be called when the WebView sends a request.

Developers can implement the RequestInterceptor interface to define their own interceptor. Then they can pass it to the rememberWebViewNavigator method to intercept the request.

val navigator =
    rememberWebViewNavigator(
        requestInterceptor =
        object : RequestInterceptor {
            override fun onInterceptUrlRequest(
                request: WebRequest,
                navigator: WebViewNavigator,
            ): WebRequestInterceptResult {
                return if (request.url.contains("kotlin")) {
                    WebRequestInterceptResult.Modify(
                        WebRequest(
                            url = "https://kotlinlang.org/docs/multiplatform.html",
                            headers = mutableMapOf("info" to "test"),
                        ),
                    )
                } else {
                    WebRequestInterceptResult.Allow
                }
            }
        },
    )

WebSettings

Starting from version 1.3.0, this library allows users to customize web settings. Some common web settings can be shared across different platforms, such as isJavaScriptEnabled and userAgent.

class WebSettings {
    var isJavaScriptEnabled = true

    var customUserAgentString: String? = null

    /**
     * Android platform specific settings
     */
    val androidWebSettings = PlatformWebSettings.AndroidWebSettings()

    /**
     * Desktop platform specific settings
     */
    val desktopWebSettings = PlatformWebSettings.DesktopWebSettings()

    /**
     * iOS platform specific settings
     */
    val iOSWebSettings = PlatformWebSettings.IOSWebSettings

}

For platform-specific settings, this library provides the PlatformWebSettings. These settings will only be applied to the respective platforms and will not affect other platforms.

sealed class PlatformWebSettings {
    data class AndroidWebSettings(
        /**
         * whether the WebView should support zooming using its on-screen zoom
         * controls and gestures. The particular zoom mechanisms that should be used
         * can be set with {@link #setBuiltInZoomControls}. This setting does not
         * affect zooming performed using the {@link WebView#zoomIn()} and
         * {@link WebView#zoomOut()} methods. The default is {@code true}.
         *
         * @param support whether the WebView should support zoom
         */
        var supportZoom: Boolean = true,

        /**
         * whether Safe Browsing is enabled. Safe Browsing allows WebView to
         * protect against malware and phishing attacks by verifying the links.
         */
        var safeBrowsingEnabled: Boolean = true,

        // .....
    ) : PlatformWebSettings()

    data class DesktopWebSettings(
        var offScreenRendering: Boolean = false,
        var transparent: Boolean = false,
    ) : PlatformWebSettings()

    data object IOSWebSettings : PlatformWebSettings()
}

Developers can configure custom settings in the shared code in the following way:

val webViewState = rememberWebViewStateWithHTMLData(
    data = html
)
DisposableEffect(Unit) {
    webViewState.webSettings.apply {
        isJavaScriptEnabled = true
        androidWebSettings.apply {
            isAlgorithmicDarkeningAllowed = true
            safeBrowsingEnabled = true
        }
    }
    onDispose { }
}

HTML

This library supports loading HTML data and HTML files.

HTML Data

Developers can load HTML data in the following way:

val html = """
    <html>
        <body>
            <h1>Hello World</h1>
        </body>
    </html>
""".trimIndent()
val webViewState = rememberWebViewStateWithHTMLData(
    data = html
)

HTML File

Developers can load HTML files in the following way:

val webViewState = rememberWebViewStateWithHTMLFile(
    fileName = "index.html"
)

Note that the HTML file should be put in the resources/assets folder of the shared module.

It also supports external resources such as images, CSS, and JavaScript files on Android and iOS. Desktop support is coming soon.

Handling permission requests on Android

There are 4 types of permissions that can be requested by the WebView on Android:

RESOURCE_PROTECTED_MEDIA_ID
RESOURCE_MIDI_SYSEX
RESOURCE_AUDIO_CAPTURE
RESOURCE_VIDEO_CAPTURE

RESOURCE_PROTECTED_MEDIA_ID and RESOURCE_MIDI_SYSEX are special ones, because they don't have a native Android counterpart, so it's not possible to request a permission from the user to grant them transitively. Therefore, you configure the WebView to grant these permissions automatically, by setting the respective properties under AndroidWebSettings to true:

webViewState.webSettings.apply {
        // ...
        androidWebSettings.apply {
            // Grants RESOURCE_PROTECTED_MEDIA_ID permission, default false
            allowProtectedMedia = true
            // Grants RESOURCE_MIDI_SYSEX permission, default false
            allowMidiSysexMessages = true
        }
        // ...
    }

RESOURCE_AUDIO_CAPTURE and RESOURCE_VIDEO_CAPTURE are also handled internally by the WebView, but you need to make sure to explicitly ask for these permissions in your app. If user grants them, the WebView will be able to use them without any additional configuration.

API

The complete API of this library is as follows:

/**
 *
 * A wrapper around the Android View WebView to provide a basic WebView composable.
 *
 * @param state The webview state holder where the Uri to load is defined.
 * @param modifier A compose modifier
 * @param captureBackPresses Set to true to have this Composable capture back presses and navigate
 * the WebView back.
 * @param navigator An optional navigator object that can be used to control the WebView's
 * navigation from outside the composable.
 * @param onCreated Called when the WebView is first created.
 * @param onDispose Called when the WebView is destroyed.
 * @param factory A function that creates a platform-specific WebView object.
 * @sample sample.BasicWebViewSample
 */
@Composable
fun WebView(
    state: WebViewState,
    modifier: Modifier = Modifier,
    captureBackPresses: Boolean = true,
    navigator: WebViewNavigator = rememberWebViewNavigator(),
    webViewJsBridge: WebViewJsBridge? = null,
    onCreated: (NativeWebView) -> Unit = {},
    onDispose: (NativeWebView) -> Unit = {},
    factory: ((WebViewFactoryParam) -> NativeWebView)? = null,
)

Example

A simple example would be like this:

@Composable
internal fun WebViewSample() {
    MaterialTheme {
        val webViewState =
            rememberWebViewState("https://github.com/KevinnZou/compose-webview-multiplatform")
        Column(Modifier.fillMaxSize()) {
            val text = webViewState.let {
                "${it.pageTitle ?: ""} ${it.loadingState} ${it.lastLoadedUrl ?: ""}"
            }
            Text(text)
            WebView(
                state = webViewState,
                modifier = Modifier.fillMaxSize()
            )
        }

    }
}

For a full example, please refer to BasicWebViewSample

Download

You can add this library to your project using Gradle.

Multiplatform

To add to a multiplatform project, add the dependency to the common source-set:

repositories {
    mavenCentral()
    // Desktop target has to add this repo
    maven("https://jogamp.org/deployment/maven")
}

kotlin {
    sourceSets {
        commonMain {
            dependencies {
                // use api since the desktop app need to access the Cef to initialize it.
                api("io.github.kevinnzou:compose-webview-multiplatform:1.9.20")
            }
        }
    }
}

Single Platform

For an Android-only project, you directly can use my another library. Add the dependency to app-level build.gradle.kts:

repositories {
    mavenCentral()
}

dependencies {
    implementation("io.github.KevinnZou:compose-webview:0.33.3")
}

Publications

The following is a list of articles/blog posts that have been published discussing this plugin:

KevinnZou / compose-webview-multiplatform

readme