Seplos MQTT remote RS485

This is a python script that reads data from one or multiple (V2 / V16) Seplos battery packs (while using CAN to connect to your Inverter) via (a) (remote) RS485 connection(s) and publish their stats to MQTT.

Hardware requirements:

1. (Remote) RS485 device (Waveshare 2-CH RS485 to ETH has been tested)
2. For multiple packs while using CAN to connect to your Inverter, you need a splitter (this splitter works for me) to split the CAN port into CAN+RS485 and two separate RS485 connections (the Waveshare 2-CH RS485 to ETH has two RS485 ports)
3. Something that can run a Docker-Container
4. Seplos BMS V2 / V16 has been tested
5. An MQTT broker

Connecting serial devices to multiple battery packs:

It is suggested to take a regular patch-cable, cut one of its connectors and take the orange, orange-white and green-white wires to crimp a terminal onto them. Finally they can be connected to the waveshare device like so:

• orange => RS485-A
• orange-white => RS485-B
• green-white => PE

This works for both, Masters via the splitter (Baud 9600) and Slaves to an empty RS485 port of the BMS (Baud 19200).

Installation and configuration (Docker):

1. Configure and setup an MQTT broker with a user and password
2. Configure your (remote) RS485 device. For the Waveshare 2-CH RS485 to ETH this would most importantly be IP Mode: Static (must be a reachable IP within your network), Port: 4196 (default), Work Mode: TCP Server, Transfer Protocol: None, Baud Rate: 9600 (for Master with multiple Packs) or Baud Rate: 19200 (for Slaves)
3. Modify the config.ini and edit its settings to your needs (alternatively: configure everything via ENV-vars)
4. Run the Docker Image, for example like this:

• For 1 master and 1 slave, i.e. two packs using ENV-vars:

docker run -itd \
  --restart unless-stopped \
  -e RS485_MASTER_REMOTE_IP="192.168.1.200" \
  -e RS485_MASTER_REMOTE_PORT="4196" \
  -e RS485_SLAVES_REMOTE_IP="192.168.1.201" \
  -e RS485_SLAVES_REMOTE_PORT="4196" \
  -e FETCH_MASTER=true \
  -e NUMBER_OF_SLAVES=1 \
  -e MQTT_HOST=192.168.1.100 \
  -e MQTT_USERNAME=seplos-mqtt \
  -e MQTT_PASSWORD=my-secret-password \
  --name seplos-mqtt-rs485 \
  privatecoder/seplos-mqtt-remote-rs485:v2.0.2

• For 1 master and 1 slave, i.e. two packs using config.ini (in which FETCH_MASTER is set to true):

docker run -itd \
  --restart unless-stopped \
  -e RS485_MASTER_REMOTE_IP="192.168.1.200" \
  -e RS485_MASTER_REMOTE_PORT="4196" \
  -e RS485_SLAVES_REMOTE_IP="192.168.1.201" \
  -e RS485_SLAVES_REMOTE_PORT="4196" \
  -v $(pwd)/config-master.ini:/usr/src/app/config.ini \
  --name seplos-mqtt-rs485 \
  privatecoder/seplos-mqtt-remote-rs485:v2.0.2

• To run the script without socat / remote RS485 but local connections, don't set the RS485_MASTER_REMOTE_IP and RS485_SLAVES_REMOTE_IP ENV-vars, i.e:

docker run -itd \
  --restart unless-stopped \
  -e FETCH_MASTER=true \
  -e NUMBER_OF_SLAVES=1 \
  -e MQTT_HOST=192.168.1.100 \
  -e MQTT_USERNAME=seplos-mqtt \
  -e MQTT_PASSWORD=my-secret-password \
  --name seplos-mqtt-rs485 \
  privatecoder/seplos-mqtt-remote-rs485:v2.0.2

or

docker run -itd \
  --restart unless-stopped \
  -v $(pwd)/config-master.ini:/usr/src/app/config.ini \
  --name seplos-mqtt-rs485 \
  privatecoder/seplos-mqtt-remote-rs485:v2.0.2

Available ENV-vars are:

• RS485_MASTER_REMOTE_IP (IP of the remote RS485 device the master is connected to)

• RS485_MASTER_REMOTE_PORT (Port of the remote RS485 device the master is connected to)

• RS485_SLAVES_REMOTE_IP (IP of the remote RS485 device the slaves are connected to)

• RS485_SLAVES_REMOTE_PORT (Port of the remote RS485 device the slaves are connected to)

• MQTT_HOST (MQTT Broker IP, default: 192.168.1.100)

• MQTT_PORT (MQTT Broker Port, default: 1883)

• MQTT_USERNAME (MQTT Broker Username, default: seplos-mqtt)

• MQTT_PASSWORD (MQTT Broker Password, default: my-secret-password)

• MQTT_TOPIC (MQTT Broker Topic to publish to, default: seplos)

• MQTT_UPDATE_INTERVAL (Interval, in seconds, to update stats in MQTT after each circular reading is finished, 0 => continuous reading, default: 0)

• ENABLE_HA_DISCOVERY_CONFIG (Enable Home Assistant config creation via MQTT for auto-discovery, default: true)

• HA_DISCOVERY_PREFIX (Home Assistant Topic to publish the config creations to, default: homeassistant)

• FETCH_MASTER (Fetch data of a master device when running multiple packs in parallel, default: false)

• NUMBER_OF_SLAVES (Fetch data of n slave devices, either when running multiple packs in parallel or one pack only, default: 1)

• MIN_CELL_VOLTAGE (Min cell voltage as base calculation constant, as this cannot be read from the BMS, default: 2.500)

• MAX_CELL_VOLTAGE (Max cell voltage as base calculation constant, as this cannot be read from the BMS, default: 3.650)

• MASTER_SERIAL_INTERFACE (Local master RS485 device path, default: /tmp/vcom0)

• SLAVES_SERIAL_INTERFACE (Local slaves RS485 device path,default: /tmp/vcom1)

• LOGGING_LEVEL (Logging level, available modes are info, error and debug, default: info)

Set RS485_MASTER_REMOTE_IP, RS485_MASTER_REMOTE_PORT, RS485_SLAVES_REMOTE_IP and RS485_SLAVES_REMOTE_PORT starts the docker image with socat, binding your remote RS485 device´s RS485 ports locally to vcom0 (master) and vcom1 (slaves) (used by default in this script). Not defining those will just start the script, however MASTER_SERIAL_INTERFACE and SLAVES_SERIAL_INTERFACE must match your existing serial-devices – either passed to the container directly or using the privileged-flag (not recommended).

MQTT messages published by the script will look like this:

{
    "last_update": "2024-02-02 11:39:08",
    "telemetry": {
        "min_cell_voltage": 2.5,
        "max_cell_voltage": 3.65,
        "min_pack_voltage": 40.0,
        "max_pack_voltage": 58.4,
        "voltage_cell_1": 3.339,
        "voltage_cell_2": 3.34,
        "voltage_cell_3": 3.34,
        "voltage_cell_4": 3.34,
        "voltage_cell_5": 3.339,
        "voltage_cell_6": 3.342,
        "voltage_cell_7": 3.342,
        "voltage_cell_8": 3.34,
        "voltage_cell_9": 3.342,
        "voltage_cell_10": 3.343,
        "voltage_cell_11": 3.34,
        "voltage_cell_12": 3.341,
        "voltage_cell_13": 3.34,
        "voltage_cell_14": 3.346,
        "voltage_cell_15": 3.343,
        "voltage_cell_16": 3.342,
        "average_cell_voltage": 3.341,
        "lowest_cell": 1,
        "lowest_cell_voltage": 3.339,
        "highest_cell": 14,
        "highest_cell_voltage": 3.346,
        "delta_cell_voltage": 0.007,
        "cell_temperature_1": 11.5,
        "cell_temperature_2": 11.0,
        "cell_temperature_3": 10.9,
        "cell_temperature_4": 11.6,
        "ambient_temperature": 16.5,
        "components_temperature": 12.3,
        "dis_charge_current": 1.46,
        "total_pack_voltage": 53.46,
        "dis_charge_power": 78.052,
        "rated_capacity": 280.0,
        "battery_capacity": 280.0,
        "residual_capacity": 192.94,
        "soc": 68.9,
        "cycles": 7,
        "soh": 100.0,
        "port_voltage": 53.48
    },
    "telesignalization": {
        "voltage_warning_cell_1": "normal",
        "voltage_warning_cell_2": "normal",
        "voltage_warning_cell_3": "normal",
        "voltage_warning_cell_4": "normal",
        "voltage_warning_cell_5": "normal",
        "voltage_warning_cell_6": "normal",
        "voltage_warning_cell_7": "normal",
        "voltage_warning_cell_8": "normal",
        "voltage_warning_cell_9": "normal",
        "voltage_warning_cell_10": "normal",
        "voltage_warning_cell_11": "normal",
        "voltage_warning_cell_12": "normal",
        "voltage_warning_cell_13": "normal",
        "voltage_warning_cell_14": "normal",
        "voltage_warning_cell_15": "normal",
        "voltage_warning_cell_16": "normal",
        "cell_temperature_warning_1": "normal",
        "cell_temperature_warning_2": "normal",
        "cell_temperature_warning_3": "normal",
        "cell_temperature_warning_4": "normal",
        "ambient_temperature_warning": "normal",
        "component_temperature_warning": "normal",
        "dis_charging_current_warning": "normal",
        "pack_voltage_warning": "normal",
        "voltage_sensing_failure": "normal",
        "temp_sensing_failure": "normal",
        "current_sensing_failure": "normal",
        "power_switch_failure": "normal",
        "cell_voltage_difference_sensing_failure": "normal",
        "charging_switch_failure": "normal",
        "discharging_switch_failure": "normal",
        "current_limit_switch_failure": "normal",
        "cell_overvoltage": "normal",
        "cell_voltage_low": "normal",
        "pack_overvoltage": "normal",
        "pack_voltage_low": "normal",
        "charging_temp_high": "normal",
        "charging_temp_low": "normal",
        "discharging_temp_high": "normal",
        "discharging_temp_low": "normal",
        "ambient_temp_high": "normal",
        "component_temp_high": "normal",
        "charging_overcurrent": "normal",
        "discharging_overcurrent": "normal",
        "transient_overcurrent": "normal",
        "output_short_circuit": "normal",
        "transient_overcurrent_lock": "normal",
        "charging_high_voltage": "normal",
        "intermittent_power_supplement": "normal",
        "soc_low": "normal",
        "cell_low_voltage_forbidden_charging": "normal",
        "output_reverse_protection": "normal",
        "output_connection_failure": "normal",
        "discharge_switch": "on",
        "charge_switch": "on",
        "current_limit_switch": "off",
        "heating_limit_switch": "off",
        "equalization_cell_1": "off",
        "equalization_cell_2": "off",
        "equalization_cell_3": "off",
        "equalization_cell_4": "off",
        "equalization_cell_5": "off",
        "equalization_cell_6": "off",
        "equalization_cell_7": "off",
        "equalization_cell_8": "off",
        "equalization_cell_9": "off",
        "equalization_cell_10": "off",
        "equalization_cell_11": "off",
        "equalization_cell_12": "off",
        "equalization_cell_13": "off",
        "equalization_cell_14": "off",
        "equalization_cell_15": "off",
        "equalization_cell_16": "off",
        "discharge": "off",
        "charge": "on",
        "floating_charge": "off",
        "standby": "off",
        "power_off": "off",
        "disconnection_cell_1": "normal",
        "disconnection_cell_2": "normal",
        "disconnection_cell_3": "normal",
        "disconnection_cell_4": "normal",
        "disconnection_cell_5": "normal",
        "disconnection_cell_6": "normal",
        "disconnection_cell_7": "normal",
        "disconnection_cell_8": "normal",
        "disconnection_cell_9": "normal",
        "disconnection_cell_10": "normal",
        "disconnection_cell_11": "normal",
        "disconnection_cell_12": "normal",
        "disconnection_cell_13": "normal",
        "disconnection_cell_14": "normal",
        "disconnection_cell_15": "normal",
        "disconnection_cell_16": "normal",
        "auto_charging_wait": "normal",
        "manual_charging_wait": "normal",
        "eep_storage_failure": "normal",
        "rtc_clock_failure": "normal",
        "no_calibration_of_voltage": "normal",
        "no_calibration_of_current": "normal",
        "no_calibration_of_null_point": "normal"
    }
}

Manual execution:

1. Clone the project
2. Make sure to have Python v3.10 or later installed
3. Edit config.ini in src to your needs (to connect your remote RS485 devices, bind them for example to /tmp/vcom0 and /tmp/vcom1 using socat like socat pty,link=/tmp/vcom0,raw tcp:192.168.1.200:4196,retry,interval=.2,forever & and socat pty,link=/tmp/vcom1,raw tcp:192.168.1.201:4196,retry,interval=.2,forever & or something similar)
4. Run the script, i.e. python fetch_bms_data.py

Its output will look like this (LOGGING LEVEL set to info):

INFO:SeplosBMS:Pack0:Requesting data...
INFO:SeplosBMS:Pack0:Telemetry Feedback: {
    "min_cell_voltage": 2.5,
    "max_cell_voltage": 3.65,
    "min_pack_voltage": 40.0,
    "max_pack_voltage": 58.4,
    "voltage_cell_1": 3.328,
    "voltage_cell_2": 3.328,
    "voltage_cell_3": 3.327,
    "voltage_cell_4": 3.328,
    "voltage_cell_5": 3.328,
    "voltage_cell_6": 3.328,
    "voltage_cell_7": 3.328,
    "voltage_cell_8": 3.329,
    "voltage_cell_9": 3.328,
    "voltage_cell_10": 3.329,
    "voltage_cell_11": 3.328,
    "voltage_cell_12": 3.328,
    "voltage_cell_13": 3.327,
    "voltage_cell_14": 3.327,
    "voltage_cell_15": 3.328,
    "voltage_cell_16": 3.328,
    "average_cell_voltage": 3.328,
    "lowest_cell": 3,
    "lowest_cell_voltage": 3.327,
    "highest_cell": 8,
    "highest_cell_voltage": 3.329,
    "delta_cell_voltage": 0.002,
    "cell_temperature_1": 13.0,
    "cell_temperature_2": 12.2,
    "cell_temperature_3": 12.1,
    "cell_temperature_4": 12.7,
    "ambient_temperature": 17.8,
    "components_temperature": 13.7,
    "dis_charge_current": 0.0,
    "total_pack_voltage": 53.25,
    "dis_charge_power": 0.0,
    "rated_capacity": 280.0,
    "battery_capacity": 280.0,
    "residual_capacity": 268.86,
    "soc": 96.0,
    "cycles": 7,
    "soh": 100.0,
    "port_voltage": 53.27
}
INFO:SeplosBMS:Pack0:Telesignalization feedback: {
    "voltage_warning_cell_1": "normal",
    "voltage_warning_cell_2": "normal",
    "voltage_warning_cell_3": "normal",
    "voltage_warning_cell_4": "normal",
    "voltage_warning_cell_5": "normal",
    "voltage_warning_cell_6": "normal",
    "voltage_warning_cell_7": "normal",
    "voltage_warning_cell_8": "normal",
    "voltage_warning_cell_9": "normal",
    "voltage_warning_cell_10": "normal",
    "voltage_warning_cell_11": "normal",
    "voltage_warning_cell_12": "normal",
    "voltage_warning_cell_13": "normal",
    "voltage_warning_cell_14": "normal",
    "voltage_warning_cell_15": "normal",
    "voltage_warning_cell_16": "normal",
    "cell_temperature_warning_1": "normal",
    "cell_temperature_warning_2": "normal",
    "cell_temperature_warning_3": "normal",
    "cell_temperature_warning_4": "normal",
    "ambient_temperature_warning": "normal",
    "component_temperature_warning": "normal",
    "dis_charging_current_warning": "normal",
    "pack_voltage_warning": "normal",
    "voltage_sensing_failure": "normal",
    "temp_sensing_failure": "normal",
    "current_sensing_failure": "normal",
    "power_switch_failure": "normal",
    "cell_voltage_difference_sensing_failure": "normal",
    "charging_switch_failure": "normal",
    "discharging_switch_failure": "normal",
    "current_limit_switch_failure": "normal",
    "cell_overvoltage": "normal",
    "cell_voltage_low": "normal",
    "pack_overvoltage": "normal",
    "pack_voltage_low": "normal",
    "charging_temp_high": "normal",
    "charging_temp_low": "normal",
    "discharging_temp_high": "normal",
    "discharging_temp_low": "normal",
    "ambient_temp_high": "normal",
    "component_temp_high": "normal",
    "charging_overcurrent": "normal",
    "discharging_overcurrent": "normal",
    "transient_overcurrent": "normal",
    "output_short_circuit": "normal",
    "transient_overcurrent_lock": "normal",
    "charging_high_voltage": "normal",
    "intermittent_power_supplement": "normal",
    "soc_low": "normal",
    "cell_low_voltage_forbidden_charging": "normal",
    "output_reverse_protection": "normal",
    "output_connection_failure": "normal",
    "discharge_switch": "on",
    "charge_switch": "on",
    "current_limit_switch": "off",
    "heating_limit_switch": "off",
    "equalization_cell_1": "off",
    "equalization_cell_2": "off",
    "equalization_cell_3": "off",
    "equalization_cell_4": "off",
    "equalization_cell_5": "off",
    "equalization_cell_6": "off",
    "equalization_cell_7": "off",
    "equalization_cell_8": "off",
    "equalization_cell_9": "off",
    "equalization_cell_10": "off",
    "equalization_cell_11": "off",
    "equalization_cell_12": "off",
    "equalization_cell_13": "off",
    "equalization_cell_14": "off",
    "equalization_cell_15": "off",
    "equalization_cell_16": "off",
    "discharge": "off",
    "charge": "off",
    "floating_charge": "off",
    "standby": "on",
    "power_off": "off",
    "disconnection_cell_1": "normal",
    "disconnection_cell_2": "normal",
    "disconnection_cell_3": "normal",
    "disconnection_cell_4": "normal",
    "disconnection_cell_5": "normal",
    "disconnection_cell_6": "normal",
    "disconnection_cell_7": "normal",
    "disconnection_cell_8": "normal",
    "disconnection_cell_9": "normal",
    "disconnection_cell_10": "normal",
    "disconnection_cell_11": "normal",
    "disconnection_cell_12": "normal",
    "disconnection_cell_13": "normal",
    "disconnection_cell_14": "normal",
    "disconnection_cell_15": "normal",
    "disconnection_cell_16": "normal",
    "auto_charging_wait": "normal",
    "manual_charging_wait": "normal",
    "eep_storage_failure": "normal",
    "rtc_clock_failure": "normal",
    "no_calibration_of_voltage": "normal",
    "no_calibration_of_current": "normal",
    "no_calibration_of_null_point": "normal"
}
INFO:SeplosBMS:Pack0:Sending updated stats to mqtt.

Configuring Home Assistant

Add Device(s):

• If ENABLE_HA_DISCOVERY_CONFIG is enabled, it triggers the publishing of auto discovery sensor configs in Home Assistant after a restart.
• Run the container and restart Home Assistant. The devices should be added automatically.

Add Sensors to lovelace:

• The provided lovelace.yaml (in ha-lovelace) is using card_mod, button-card, bar-card and apexcharts-card (can be installed via HACS) and allows for a first start (value-based colors are based on these number). lovelace-plotly-graphs.yaml is almost the same but uses plotly-graph instead of apexcharts-card for the graphs-section.