datastew

Datastew is a python library for intelligent data harmonization using Large Language Model (LLM) vector embeddings.

Installation

pip install datastew

Usage

Harmonizing excel/csv resources

You can directly import common data models, terminology sources or data dictionaries for harmonization directly from a csv, tsv or excel file. An example how to match two separate variable descriptions is shown in datastew/scripts/mapping_excel_example.py:

from datastew.process.parsing import DataDictionarySource
from datastew.process.mapping import map_dictionary_to_dictionary

# Variable and description refer to the corresponding column names in your excel sheet
source = DataDictionarySource("source.xlxs", variable_field="var", description_field="desc")
target = DataDictionarySource("target.xlxs", variable_field="var", description_field="desc")

df = map_dictionary_to_dictionary(source, target)
df.to_excel("result.xlxs")

The resulting file contains the pairwise variable mapping based on the closest similarity for all possible matches as well as a similarity measure per row.

Per default this will use the local MPNet model, which may not yield the optimal performance. If you got an OpenAI API key it is possible to use their embedding API instead. To use your key, create an OpenAIAdapter model and pass it to the function:

from datastew.embedding import GPT4Adapter

embedding_model = GPT4Adapter(key="your_api_key")
df = map_dictionary_to_dictionary(source, target, embedding_model=embedding_model)

You can also retrieve embeddings from data dictionaries and visualize them in form of an interactive scatter plot to explore sematic neighborhoods:

from datastew.visualisation import plot_embeddings

# Get embedding vectors for your dictionaries
source_embeddings = source.get_embeddings()

# plot embedding neighborhoods for several dictionaries
plot_embeddings(data_dictionaries=[source, target])

Creating and using stored mappings

A simple example how to initialize an in memory database and compute a similarity mapping is shown in datastew/scripts/mapping_db_example.py:

from datastew.repository.sqllite import SQLLiteRepository
from datastew.repository.model import Terminology, Concept, Mapping
from datastew.embedding import MPNetAdapter

# omit mode to create a permanent db file instead
repository = SQLLiteRepository(mode="memory")
embedding_model = MPNetAdapter()

terminology = Terminology("snomed CT", "SNOMED")

text1 = "Diabetes mellitus (disorder)"
concept1 = Concept(terminology, text1, "Concept ID: 11893007")
mapping1 = Mapping(concept1, text1, embedding_model.get_embedding(text1))

text2 = "Hypertension (disorder)"
concept2 = Concept(terminology, text2, "Concept ID: 73211009")
mapping2 = Mapping(concept2, text2, embedding_model.get_embedding(text2))

repository.store_all([terminology, concept1, mapping1, concept2, mapping2])

text_to_map = "Sugar sickness"
embedding = embedding_model.get_embedding(text_to_map)
mappings, similarities = repository.get_closest_mappings(embedding, limit=2)
for mapping, similarity in zip(mappings, similarities):
    print(f"Similarity: {similarity} -> {mapping}")

output:

Similarity: 0.47353370635583486 -> Concept ID: 11893007 : Diabetes mellitus (disorder) | Diabetes mellitus (disorder)
Similarity: 0.20031612264852067 -> Concept ID: 73211009 : Hypertension (disorder) | Hypertension (disorder)

You can also import data from file sources (csv, tsv, xlsx) or from a public API like OLS. An example script to download & compute embeddings for SNOMED from ebi OLS can be found in datastew/scripts/ols_snomed_retrieval.py.

Embedding visualization

You can visualize the embedding space of multiple data dictionary sources with t-SNE plots utilizing different language models. An example how to generate a t-sne plot is shown in datastew/scripts/tsne_visualization.py:

from datastew.embedding import MPNetAdapter
from datastew.process.parsing import DataDictionarySource
from datastew.visualisation import plot_embeddings

# Variable and description refer to the corresponding column names in your excel sheet
data_dictionary_source_1 = DataDictionarySource(
    "source1.xlsx", variable_field="var", description_field="desc"
)
data_dictionary_source_2 = DataDictionarySource(
    "source2.xlsx", variable_field="var", description_field="desc"
)

mpnet_adapter = MPNetAdapter()
plot_embeddings(
    [data_dictionary_source_1, data_dictionary_source_2], embedding_model=mpnet_adapter
)