Introduction to GitHub
Get started using GitHub in less than an hour.
Welcome
People use GitHub to build some of the most advanced technologies in the world. Whether you’re visualizing data or building a new game, there’s a whole community and set of tools on GitHub that can help you do it even better. GitHub Skills’ “Introduction to GitHub” course guides you through everything you need to start contributing in less than an hour.
- **Who is this for**: New developers, new GitHub users, and students.
- **What you'll learn**: We'll introduce repositories, branches, commits, and pull requests.
- **What you'll build**: We'll make a short Markdown file you can use as your [profile README](https://docs.github.com/account-and-profile/setting-up-and-managing-your-github-profile/customizing-your-profile/managing-your-profile-readme).
- **Prerequisites**: None. This course is a great introduction for your first day on GitHub.
- **How long**: This course is four steps long and takes less than one hour to complete.
**Course tips:**
* Glossary terms will be _emphasised_ and linked to their definition.
* This course includes optional video links. Look for the :tv: emoji and follow the link to the video.
## How to start this course
1. Right-click **Start course** and open the link in a new tab.
[](https://github.com/skills/introduction-to-github/generate) 2. In the new tab, follow the prompts to create a new repository. - For owner, choose your personal account or an organization to host the repository. - We recommend creating a public repository—private repositories will [use Actions minutes](https://docs.github.com/en/billing/managing-billing-for-github-actions/about-billing-for-github-actions). - Name the repository something easy for you to recognize and remember.  3. After your new repository is created, wait about 20 seconds, then refresh your new repository page. Follow the step-by-step instructions in the new repository's README. [GitHub Actions](https://docs.github.com/en/actions) will automatically close this welcome and open the first step.
Step 1: Create a branch
_Welcome to "Introduction to GitHub"! :wave:_
**What is GitHub?**: GitHub is a collaboration platform that uses _[Git](https://docs.github.com/get-started/quickstart/github-glossary#git)_ for versioning. GitHub is a popular place to share and contribute to [open-source](https://docs.github.com/get-started/quickstart/github-glossary#open-source) software.
:tv: [Video: What is GitHub?](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pBy1zgt0XPc) **What is a repository?**: A _[repository](https://docs.github.com/get-started/quickstart/github-glossary#repository)_ is a project containing files and folders. A repository tracks versions of files and folders. For more information, see "[About repositories](https://docs.github.com/en/repositories/creating-and-managing-repositories/about-repositories)" from GitHub Docs.
:tv: [Video: Exploring a repository](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R8OAwrcMlRw) **What is a branch?**: A _[branch](https://docs.github.com/en/get-started/quickstart/github-glossary#branch)_ is a parallel version of your repository. By default, your repository has one branch named `main` and it is considered to be the definitive branch. Creating additional branches allows you to copy the `main` branch of your repository and safely make any changes without disrupting the main project. Many people use branches to work on specific features without affecting any other parts of the project. Branches allow you to separate your work from the `main` branch. In other words, everyone's work is safe while you contribute. For more information, see "[About branches](https://docs.github.com/en/pull-requests/collaborating-with-pull-requests/proposing-changes-to-your-work-with-pull-requests/about-branches)".
:tv: [Video: Branches](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xgQmu81G1yY) **What is a profile README?**: A _[profile README](https://docs.github.com/account-and-profile/setting-up-and-managing-your-github-profile/customizing-your-profile/managing-your-profile-readme)_ is essentially an "About me" section on your GitHub profile where you can share information about yourself with the community on GitHub.com. GitHub shows your profile README at the top of your profile page. For more information, see "[Managing your profile README](https://docs.github.com/en/account-and-profile/setting-up-and-managing-your-github-profile/customizing-your-profile/managing-your-profile-readme)".  ### :keyboard: Activity: Your first branch 1. Open a new browser tab and navigate to your newly made repository repository. Then, work on the steps in your second tab while you read the instructions in this tab. 2. Navigate to the **< > Code** tab in the header menu of your repository.  3. Click on the **main** branch drop-down.
 4. In the field, enter a name for your branch: `my-first-branch`. 5. Click **Create branch: my-first-branch** to create your branch.  The branch will automatically switch to the one you have just created. The **main** branch drop-down bar will reflect your new branch and display the new branch name. 6. Move on to Step 2!
**Note**: If you made a public repository, and want to confirm you correctly set up your first branch, wait about 20 seconds then refresh this page (the one you're following instructions from). [GitHub Actions](https://docs.github.com/en/actions) will automatically close this step and open the next one.
Step 2: Commit a file
_You created a branch! :tada:_
Creating a branch allows you to edit your project without changing the `main` branch. Now that you have a branch, it’s time to create a file and make your first commit!
**What is a commit?**: A [commit](https://docs.github.com/pull-requests/committing-changes-to-your-project/creating-and-editing-commits/about-commits) is a set of changes to the files and folders in your project. A commit exists in a branch. For more information, see "[About commits](https://docs.github.com/en/pull-requests/committing-changes-to-your-project/creating-and-editing-commits/about-commits)".
### :keyboard: Activity: Your first commit
The following steps will guide you through the process of committing a change on GitHub. A commit records changes in renaming, changing content within, creating a new file, and any other changes made to your project. For this exercise, committing a change requires first adding a new file to your new branch.
1. On the **< > Code** tab in the header menu of your repository, make sure you're on your new branch `my-first-branch`.
2. Select the **Add file** drop-down and click **Create new file**. 3. In the **Name your file...** field, enter `PROFILE.md`. **Note:** `.md` is a file extension that creates a Markdown file. You can learn more about Markdown by visiting "[Basic writing and formatting syntax](https://docs.github.com/en/get-started/writing-on-github/getting-started-with-writing-and-formatting-on-github/basic-writing-and-formatting-syntax)" in our docs or by taking the "[Communicating using Markdown](https://github.com/skills/communicate-using-markdown)" Skills course. 4. In the **Edit new file** area, copy the following content to your file: ``` Welcome to my GitHub profile! ```
5. For commits, you can enter a short commit message that describes what changes you made. This message helps others know what's included in your commit. GitHub offers a simple default message, but let's change it slightly for practice. First, enter `Add PROFILE.md` in the first text-entry field below **Commit new file** at the bottom of the page. Then, if you want to confirm what your screen should look like, expand the dropdown below.
Expand to see the screenshot.
**Note**: Like before, you can wait about 20 seconds, then refresh this page (the one you're following instructions from) and [GitHub Actions](https://docs.github.com/en/actions) will automatically close this step and open the next one.
Step 3: Open a pull request
_Nice work making that commit! :sparkles:_
Now that you have made a change to the project and created a commit, it’s time to share your proposed change through a pull request!
**What is a pull request?**: Collaboration happens on a _[pull request](https://docs.github.com/en/get-started/quickstart/github-glossary#pull-request)_. The pull request shows the changes in your branch to other people and allows people to accept, reject, or suggest additional changes to your branch. In a side by side comparison, this pull request is going to keep the changes you just made on your branch and propose applying them to the `main` project branch. For more information about pull requests, see "[About pull requests](https://docs.github.com/en/pull-requests/collaborating-with-pull-requests/proposing-changes-to-your-work-with-pull-requests/about-pull-requests)" or watch the video linked below.
:tv: [Video: Introduction to pull requests](https://youtu.be/kJr-PIfLDl4) ### :keyboard: Activity: Create a pull request You may have noticed after your commit that a message displayed indicating your recent push to your branch and providing a button that says **Compare & pull request**.  To create a pull request automatically, click **Compare & pull request**, and then skip to step 6 below. If you don't click the button, the instructions below walk you through manually setting up the pull request. 1. Click on the **Pull requests** tab in the header menu of your repository. 2. Click **New pull request**. 3. In the **base:** dropdown, make sure **main** is selected. 4. Select the **compare:** dropdown, and click `my-first-branch`.
5. Click **Create pull request**.
6. Enter a title for your pull request. By default, the title will automatically be the name of your branch. For this exercise, let's edit the field to say `Add my first file`.
7. The next field helps you provide a description of the changes you made. Here, you can add a description of what you’ve accomplished so far. As a reminder, you have: created a new branch, created a file, and made a commit. 
8. Click **Create pull request**. You will automatically be navigated to your new pull request.
9. Move on to Step 4! **Note**: Like before, you can wait about 20 seconds, then refresh this page (the one you're following instructions from) and [GitHub Actions](https://docs.github.com/en/actions) will automatically close this step and open the next one. As a perk, you may see evidence of GitHub Actions running on the tab with the pull request opened! The image below shows a line you might see on your pull request after the Action finishes running.
Step 4: Merge your pull request
_Nicely done! :sunglasses:_
You successfully created a pull request. You can now merge your pull request.
**What is a merge?**: A _[merge](https://docs.github.com/en/get-started/quickstart/github-glossary#merge)_ adds the changes in your pull request and branch into the `main` branch. For more information about merges, see "[Merging a pull request](https://docs.github.com/en/pull-requests/collaborating-with-pull-requests/incorporating-changes-from-a-pull-request/merging-a-pull-request)" or watch the video linked below.
:tv: [Video: Understanding the GitHub flow](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PBI2Rz-ZOxU) As noted in the previous step, you may have seen evidence of GitHub Actions running which automatically progresses your instructions to the next step. You'll have to wait for it to finish before you can merge your pull request. It will be ready when the merge pull request button is green.  ### :keyboard: Activity: Merge the pull request 1. Click **Merge pull request**. 1. Click **Confirm merge**. 1. Once your branch has been merged, you don't need it anymore. To delete this branch, click **Delete branch**.
2. Check out the **Finish** step to see what you can learn next!**Note**: Like before, you can wait about 20 seconds, then refresh this page (the one you're following instructions from) and [GitHub Actions](https://docs.github.com/en/actions) will automatically close this step and open the next one.
Finish
_Congratulations, you've completed this course and joined the world of developers!_
Here's a recap of your accomplishments:
- You learned about GitHub, repositories, branches, commits, and pull requests.
- You created a branch, a commit, and a pull request.
- You merged a pull request.
- You made your first contribution! :tada:
### What's next?
If you'd like to make a profile README, use the quickstart instructions below or follow the instructions in the [Managing your profile README](https://docs.github.com/account-and-profile/setting-up-and-managing-your-github-profile/customizing-your-profile/managing-your-profile-readme) article.
1. Make a new public repository with a name that matches your GitHub username.
2. Create a file named `README.md` in its root. The "root" means not inside any folder in your repository.
3. Edit the contents of the `README.md` file.
4. If you created a new branch for your file, open and merge a pull request on your branch.
6. Lastly, we'd love to hear what you thought of this course [in our discussion board](https://github.com/skills/.github/discussions).
Check out these resources to learn more or get involved:
- Are you a student? Check out the [Student Developer Pack](https://education.github.com/pack).
- [Take another GitHub Skills course](https://github.com/skills).
- [Read the GitHub Getting Started docs](https://docs.github.com/en/get-started).
- To find projects to contribute to, check out [GitHub Explore](https://github.com/explore).
Get help: Post in our discussion board • Review the GitHub status page
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