25 instances of relativizer/complementizer "that" tagged as ADV

[nschneid]

http://match.grew.fr/?corpus=UD_English-EWT@dev&custom=60a9736f54f4d&clustering=N.upos

These are errors, right—tag should be SCONJ?

Are these all even relative clauses meriting acl:relcl, or are some complement clauses that should be acl?

The PronType appears to be wrong on some of these.

In GUM the ADV instances of "that" all appear correct (for the degree modifier use, as in "not that tall").

[nschneid]

Here are the 25 instances categorized:

left_context	pivot	right_context	category	N head
That was the day	that	GOD'S CURSE fell upon the world of Rock.	N complement	day
68 - Number of days after taking office	that	Bush decided Not to ratify the Kyoto Protocol, the international treaty to reduce greenhouse gases by roughly 5.2 per cent below 1990 levels by 2012.	N complement	days
53 - Number of days after taking office	that	Bush reneged on his campaign promise to regulate carbon dioxide emissions from power plants.	N complement	days
2.5 - Number of hours after Rumsfeld learnt that Osama bin Laden was a suspect in the 11 September attacks	that	he brought up reasons to "hit" Iraq.	N complement	hours
0 - Number of minutes	that	President Bush, Vice-President Dick Cheney, the Defence Secretary, Donald Rumsfeld, the assistant Defence Secretary, Paul Wolfowitz, the former chairman of the Defence Policy Board, Richard Perle, and the White House Chief of Staff, Karl Rove - the main proponents of the war in Iraq -served in combat (combined).	N complement	minutes
6 - Number of months before 11 September	that	Cheney's Energy Task Force investigated Iraq's oil reserves.	N complement	months
I don't believe that we are quite at the point	that	we can say that all business controllers worldwide have reviewed, understand and have implemented these standards.	N complement	point
The two developments, he said, could eventually enable China's space program to mature to the point	that	experts could assemble and launch from Earth's orbit a spacecraft capable of circling the moon with astronauts and returning home.	N complement	point
That rejection got to the point	that	George Harrison kicked Yoko Ono in the Apple studios during the filming of Let it Be.	N complement	point
Their chauvinisms got to the point	that	even they themselves hated each other.	N complement	point
‘’It was the first time	that	Bush totally focused on the Taliban threat rather than Al Qaeda with the Pakistanis,’’ says a Western diplomat.	N complement	time
It marks the first time in recent years	that	China has promised to wield its veto power in the UN Security Council against a petition initiated by the United States and backed by France and Great Britain.	N complement	time
73 - Number of times	that	Bush mentioned terrorism or terrorists in his three State of the Union addresses.	N complement	times
Both have shared this country for the last 14 centuries and there is no possible way	that	one can live without the other.	N complement	way
In the same way	that	no country has a law against cannibals eating its prime minister, because such an act is unthinkable, international law does not address killers shooting from hospitals, mosques and ambulances, while being protected by their Government or society.	N complement	way
On the other hand, a certain transition democracy, as in Jordan, may be a better temporary solution, paving the way for the real thing, perhaps in the same way	that	an immediate sudden democracy did not work in Russia and would not have worked in China.	N complement	way
Therefore, any trade mark registration that incorporates the word ONLINE as a suffix in the way	that	you use it will not enable its owner to prevent others from using the word ONLINE.	N complement	way
We also liked the way	that	Ray checked on the job everyday.	N complement	way
We were all American citizens and there was no way	that	anybody helped us.	N complement	way
1972 - Year	that	Bush walked away from his pilot duties in the Texas National Guard, Nearly two years before his six-year obligation was up.	N complement	year
2000 - Year	that	Cheney said his policy as CEO of Halliburton oil services company was "we wouldn't do anything in Iraq".	N complement	year
Unfortunately for them, the general has decided to take seriously Colin Powell's frequent boasts that it was on his nudging	that	the Indians made conciliatory gestures toward Islamabad.	should be expl/csubj
It was as part of that surveillance in early 2001	that	Jafar the Pilot studied tourist helicopters in the NYC area.	should be expl/csubj
If something happens	that	I'm not able to participate I'll let you know.	~ so that
Anyway, so that was 2 days ago	that	I called and left a message, but he still hasn't called back yet.	first “that” = expl?

@amir-zeldes For the N complement ones, I assume acl:relcl is incorrect. Should it be acl or advcl?

And any thoughts on the last 2 in the table?

[amir-zeldes]

It's a bit complicated: for relative-like cases, where "that" does not substitute an argument of the relative predicate but does introduce an adnominal modifier clause (not an argument clause), we have used acl:relcl + mark, tagging "that" as IN/SCONJ, for example:

ways that in-group / out-group biases emerged

So here "that" is like "in which", so it's basically a relative clause, but "that" is not WDT, since it does not fill a role for the verb ("emerged").

For the last two: the last one is almost like expletive "it" with csubj - "that I called and left a message was 2 days ago", but I don't know if we want to allow the first "that" as expl...

The penultimate one is hard to replace with an oblique WDT, so I'm a bit torn about it. You could treat "that" as an adverbial pronoun and give it a free relative analysis: basically it's "such that", but the matrix part "such" is missing, so you have "that" doing double duty, in which case it should get its matrix clause dependency (ADV/RB/advmod) + acl:relcl for the free relative. But I admit it's maybe a bit avantgarde.

[nschneid]

It's a bit complicated: for relative-like cases, where "that" does not substitute an argument of the relative predicate but does introduce an adnominal modifier clause (not an argument clause), we have used acl:relcl + mark, tagging "that" as IN/SCONJ, for example:

ways that in-group / out-group biases emerged

So here "that" is like "in which", so it's basically a relative clause, but "that" is not WDT, since it does not fill a role for the verb ("emerged").

So TBC you'd do acl:relcl for all my "N complement" examples above? (I used the word "complement" because the noun seems to license this construction—e.g. non-generic locatives don't work as well: This is the city *that/in which I visited my sister last May—but I agree the terminology is fuzzy.)

[amir-zeldes]

That's right, I wouldn't consider them complements in the same was as "the decision that...". Contrast the following:

• The way that we do it
• The way in which we do it

So for "way", the "that" clause is interchangeable with a canonical relative. But not so for "decision":

• The decision that we do it (complement clause, inherited argstr for deverbal noun corresponding to "decide")
• The decision in which we do it (also grammatical, but means something totally different: does not saturate arg clause)
• The decision that we stop selling hamburgers in which we shot ourselves in the foot (both arg clause and a relative, which are distinct)

Given this contrast, we decided that things like "way that" are still acl:relcl in GUM, while "decision that" is acl (essentially the nominalized equivalent of ccomp)

[nschneid]

Would you use the same treatment if it were "where" or "when" instead of "that"? (Doesn't work for "way" but works for many of the temporal ones above)

N.B. For point it would be "point at which", not "point in which".

[amir-zeldes]

I don't think I would make a distinction based on which preposition it is, it's more the fact that it's substitutable by a canonical relative (with any preposition is fine for me).

For "place where" I see we have done acl:relcl almost always:

https://corpling.uis.georgetown.edu/annis/#_q=ZW50aXR5PSJwbGFjZSIgLT5oZWFkIHRvayAtPmRlcCB0b2sgLT5kZXAgbGVtbWE9IndoZXJlIg&_c=R1VN&cl=0&cr=15&s=0&l=10

But I found one or two acl as well. I think they should be made uniform to acl:relcl, since "the restaurant where we met" is analogous to "the restaurant in which we met". The alternative of adnominal advcl seems less appealing to me since it misses the relativization of the subordinate clause (we did in fact meet at that "restaurant", the matrix noun), and acl would conflate it with true adnominal arg clauses (since we don't allow ccomp on nouns).

[nschneid]

OK, looks like CGEL agrees with acl:relcl (p. 1053):

[nschneid]

OK now I'm having second thoughts about these two:

• it was on his nudging that the Indians made conciliatory gestures toward Islamabad.
• It was as part of that surveillance in early 2001 that Jafar the Pilot studied tourist helicopters in the NYC area.

These are best paraphrased as "The Indians made conciliatory gestures...on his nudging" and "Jafar the Pilot studied...as part of that surveillance." It sounds strange to say "That the Indians made conciliatory gestures was on his nudging" or "That Jafar the Pilot studied was as part of that surveillance". It seems the purpose of this construction is to extrapose the PP from the clause. So is the clause really a csubj?

[nschneid]

I do see one GUM token which uses csubj after an extraposed PP:

• It was not until about 170 years later, in 1896 that an Italian doctor discovered a less painful method

[amir-zeldes]

Yup, and I think these are all csubj - the way I see it is that the tree's job is just to tell us the syntactic facts, and from a syntactic perspective I think "that the Indians made conciliatory gestures toward Islamabad was on his nudging" is fine, and the reason we get an "it" here is heavy subject extraposition, same as in the other cases.

[nschneid]

OK I think I've taken care of all of these; LMK if you spot problems.