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UniversalDependencies / UD_English-EWT

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Universal Dependencies - English Dependency Treebank Universal Dependencies English Web Treebank v2.15 -- 2024-11-15 https://github.com/UniversalDependencies/UD_English-EWT

Summary

A Gold Standard Universal Dependencies Corpus for English, built over the source material of the English Web Treebank LDC2012T13 (https://catalog.ldc.upenn.edu/LDC2012T13).

Introduction

The corpus comprises 254,820 words and 16,622 sentences, taken from five genres of web media: weblogs, newsgroups, emails, reviews, and Yahoo! answers. See the LDC2012T13 documentation for more details on the sources of the sentences. The trees were automatically converted into Stanford Dependencies and then hand-corrected to Universal Dependencies. All the basic dependency annotations have been single-annotated, a limited portion of them have been double-annotated, and subsequent correction has been done to improve consistency. Other aspects of the treebank, such as Universal POS, features and enhanced dependencies, has mainly been done automatically, with very limited hand-correction.

License/Copyright

Universal Dependencies English Web Treebank annotations © 2013-2021 by The Board of Trustees of The Leland Stanford Junior University. All Rights Reserved.

The annotations and database rights of the Universal Dependencies English Web Treebank are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

You should have received a copy of the license along with this work. If not, see http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/.

The underlying texts come from various sources collected for the LDC English Web Treebank. Some parts are in the public domain. Portions may be © 2012 Google Inc., © 2011 Yahoo! Inc., © 2012 Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania and/or © other original authors.

Structure

This directory contains a corpus of sentences annotated using Universal Dependencies annotation. The corpus comprises 254,820 words and 16,622 sentences, taken from various web media including weblogs, newsgroups, emails, reviews, and Yahoo! answers; see the LDC2012T13 documentation for more details on the source of the sentences. The trees were automatically converted into Stanford Dependencies and then hand-corrected to Universal Dependencies. All the dependency annotations have been single-annotated, and a limited portion of them have been double-annotated with interannotator agreement at approximately 96%. The sentence IDs include the genre and the filename of the original LDC2012T13 filename.

This corpus is compatible with the CoNLL-U format defined for Universal Dependencies. See:

https://universaldependencies.org/format.html

The dependency taxonomy can be found on the Universal Dependencies web site:

http://www.universaldependencies.org

For the conversion to v2, we performed an automatic conversion with extensive spot-checking, and manual adjudication of ambiguous cases.

Most enhanced dependencies were automatically obtained by running an adapted version of the converter by Schuster and Manning (2016). These dependencies have not been manually checked. Enhanced dependencies for reduced relative clauses were added in v2.14.

Known Issues

The issue tracker at https://github.com/UniversalDependencies/UD_English-EWT/issues documents many yet-to-be-resolved analysis challenges. Significant among these:

Changelog

2024-11-15 v2.15

Highlights:

2024-05-15 v2.14

Highlights:

2023-11-15 v2.13

Highlights:

2023-05-15 v2.12

Highlights:

2022-11-15 v2.11

Highlights:

2022-05-15 v2.10

Highlights:

2021-11-15 v2.9

2021-05-15 v2.8

2020-11-15 v2.7

2020-05-15 v2.6

2019-11-15 v2.5

2019-05-15 v2.4

2018-11-15 v2.3

2018-04-15 v2.2

2017-11-15 v2.1

2017-02-15 v2.0

2016-11-15 v1.4

2016-05-15 v1.3

2015-11-15 v1.2

Contributing

To help improve the corpus, please alert us to any errors you find in it. The best way to do this is to file a github issue at:

https://github.com/UniversalDependencies/UD_English-EWT/issues

We also welcome pull requests. If you want to make edits, please modify the trees in the individual files in the not-to-release/sources directory instead of making direct changes to en_ewt-ud-{dev,test,train}.conllu.

Acknowledgments

Annotation of the Universal Dependencies English Web Treebank was carried out by (in order of size of contribution):

Creation of the CoNLL-U files, including calculating UPOS, feature, and lemma information was primarily done by

The construction of the Universal Dependencies English Web Treebank was partially funded by a gift from Google, Inc., which we gratefully acknowledge.

Citations

You are encouraged to cite this paper if you use the Universal Dependencies English Web Treebank:

@inproceedings{silveira14gold,
  year = {2014},
  author = {Natalia Silveira and Timothy Dozat and Marie-Catherine de
      Marneffe and Samuel Bowman and Miriam Connor and John Bauer and
      Christopher D. Manning},
  title = {A Gold Standard Dependency Corpus for {E}nglish},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language
    Resources and Evaluation (LREC-2014)}
}

Metadata

=== Machine-readable metadata (DO NOT REMOVE!) ================================
Data available since: UD v1.0
License: CC BY-SA 4.0
Includes text: yes
Genre: blog social reviews email web
Lemmas: automatic with corrections
UPOS: converted with corrections
XPOS: manual native
Features: converted with corrections
Relations: manual native
Contributors: Silveira, Natalia; Dozat, Timothy; Manning, Christopher; Schuster, Sebastian; Chi, Ethan; Bauer, John; Connor, Miriam; de Marneffe, Marie-Catherine; Schneider, Nathan; Bowman, Sam; Zhu, Hanzhi; Galbraith, Daniel; Bauer, John
Contributing: here source
Contact: syntacticdependencies@lists.stanford.edu
===============================================================================