Table of Contents

• Table of Contents
• Features
• Technical Info
• Setup
  • Docker
  • Manual(from source)
  • DB Setup:
  • Use MySQL
  • Use Postgresql
  • Use SQLite
  • Docker
  • Using Pygmy API
  • Create User
  • Shell Usage
• Development
  • Run tests:
    • Run tests with coverage report
• Sponsorship
• License

Pygmy or pygy.co is an open-source, extensible & easy-to-use but powerful URL shortener. It's created keeping in mind that it should be easy to host and run your custom URL shortener without much effort. [Open-source Python URL shortener]

The architecture is very loosely coupled which allows custom integrations easily.

The project has 3 major parts

• The core URL shortening code
• A REST API on top. Uses Flask framework
• The UI layer for rendering the UI. It uses the Django framework

Features

• URL shortener
• Customized short URL's(ex: pygy.co/pygmy)
• Support to create auto expiry URL after some time.
• Secret key protected URL's
• User Login/Sign up to track shortened URL's and link stats
• User dashboard
• Link Analytics(add + to the tiny URL to get link stats)

Technical Info

• Python 3, Javascript, JQuery, HTML, CSS
• REST API: Flask
• Pygmyui: Django(It serves the web user-interface)
• Supported DBs: PostgreSQL/MySQL/SQLite
• Others: SQLAlchmey, JWT
• Docker
• Docker-compose

Setup

Docker

1. In terminal run this command: docker pull amit19/pygmy
2. Then run the container: docker run -it -p 8000:8000 amit19/pygmy
3. Open http://localhost:8000 in your browser

Manual(from source)

1. Clone git clone https://github.com/amitt001/pygmy.git & cd pygmy
2. (Optional) Install virtualenv (optional but recommended)
   • virtualenv -p python3 env
   • source env/bin/activate
3. Install dependencies: pip3 install -r requirements.txt (if you are using MySQL or PostgreSQL check DB setup section)
4. python run.py (It runs Flask and Django servers using gunicorn)
5. Visit 127.0.0.1:8000 to use the app
6. Logs can be viewed at pygmy/data/pygmy.log

Note:

• This module only supports Python 3. Make sure pip and virtualenv are both python 3 based versions.(To install Python 3 on Mac: http://docs.python-guide.org/en/latest/starting/install3/osx/)
• The project has two config files:
  • pygmy.cfg: pygmy/config/pygmy.cfg rest API and pygmy core settings file
  • settings.py: pygmyui/pygmyui/settings.py Django settings file
• SQLite is default DB, if you are using PostgreSQL or MySQL with this project, make sure they are installed into the system.
• You can run pygmy shell also. Present in the root directory. To run the program on the terminal: python shell
• By default, DEBUG is set to True in pygmyui/pygmyui/settings.py file, set it to False in production.

DB Setup:

By default, Pygmy uses SQLite but any of the DB, SQLite, MySQL or PostgreSQL, can be used. Configs is present at pygmy/config/pygmy.cfg.

Use DB specific instruction below. Make sure to check and modify values in pygmy.cfg file according to your DB setup.

Use MySQL

1. Install pymysql: pip install pymysql

2. Check correct port: mysqladmin variables | grep port

3. Change below line in pygmy/core/pygmy.cfg file:

[database]
engine: mysql
url: {engine}://{user}:{password}@{host}:{port}/{db_name}
user: root
password: root
host: 127.0.0.1
port: 3306
db_name: pygmy

4. Enter MySQL URL CREATE DATABASE pygmy;

Note: It's better to use Mysql with version > 5.6.5 to use the default value of CURRENT_TIMESTAMP for DATETIME.

Use Postgresql

1. Change below line in pygmy/core/pygmy.cfg file:

[database]
engine: postgresql
url: {engine}://{user}:{password}@{host}:{port}/{db_name}
user: root
password: root
host: 127.0.0.1
port: 5432
db_name: pygmy

Use SQLite

SQLite is natively supported in Python

1. Update sqlite:////var/lib/pygmy/pygmy.db file

[database]
engine: sqlite3
sqlite_data_dir: data
sqlite_db_file_name: pygmy.db

Docker

Docker image name: amit19/pygmy. Docker image can be built by running docker build -t amit19/pygmy . command. Both the Dockerfile and docker-compose file are present at the root of the project. To use docker-compose you need to pass DB credentials in the docker-compose file.

Using Pygmy API

Create User

curl -XPOST http://127.0.0.1:9119/api/user/1 -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d '{
"email": "amit@gmail.com",
"f_name": "Amit",
"l_name": "Tripathi",
"password": "a_safe_one"
}'

Shell Usage

Open shell using ./shell. Available context in shell are: pygmy, Config, DB, etc. See all context by using pygmy_context.

Shorten a link:

In [1]: shorten('http://iamit.xyz')
Out[1]:
{'created_at': '15 Nov, 2017 17:33:42',
 'description': None,
 'expire_after': None,
 'hits_counter': 0,
 'id': 'http://0.0.0.0:9119/api/link/5',
 'is_custom': False,
 'is_disabled': False,
 'is_protected': False,
 'long_url': 'http://iamit.xyz',
 'owner': None,
 'secret_key': '',
 'short_code': 'f',
 'short_url': 'http://pygy.co/f',
 'updated_at': '2017-11-15T17:33:42.772520+00:00'}

In [2]: shorten('http://iamit.xyz', request=1)
Out[2]: <pygmy.model.link.Link at 0x105ca1b70>

In [3]: unshorten('f')
Out[3]:
{'created_at': '15 Nov, 2017 17:33:42',
 'description': None,
 'expire_after': None,
 'hits_counter': 0,
 'id': 'http://0.0.0.0:9119/api/link/5',
 'is_custom': False,
 'is_disabled': False,
 'is_protected': False,
 'long_url': 'http://iamit.xyz',
 'owner': None,
 'secret_key': '',
 'short_code': 'f',
 'short_url': 'http://pygy.co/f',
 'updated_at': '2017-11-15T17:33:42.772520+00:00'}

In [4]: link_stats('f')
Out[4]:
{'country_stats': 0,
 'created_at': datetime.datetime(2017, 11, 15, 17, 33, 42, 772520),
 'long_url': 'http://iamit.xyz',
 'referrer': 0,
 'short_code': 'f',
 'time_series_base': None,
 'time_stats': 0,
 'total_hits': 0}

In [5]: # check the available context of the shell
In [6]: pygmy_context

In [7]: # Create custom short URL

In [8]: shorten('http://iamit.xyz', short_code='amit')
Out[8]:
{'long_url': 'http://iamit.xyz',
 'short_code': 'amit',
 'short_url': 'http://pygy.co/amit'}

In [9]: shorten?
Signature: shorten(long_url, short_code=None, expire_after=None, description=None, secret_key=None, owner=None, request=None)
Docstring:
    Helper class that has been delegated the task of inserting the
    passed url in DB, base 62 encoding from DB id and return the short
    URL value.

Q. How Link Stats Are Generated?

For getting geo location stats from IP maxminds' GeoLite2-Country.mmd database is used. It's in pygmy/app directory.

Q. How Pygmy Auth Token Works?

It uses JWT. When user logs in using username and password two tokens are generated, refresh token and auth token. Auth token is used for authentication with the Pygmy API. The refresh token can only be used to generate a new auth token. Auth token has a very short TTL but refresh token has a longer TTL. After 30 minutes. When a request comes with the old auth token and a new token is generated from the refresh token API. User passwords are encrypted by bcrypt hash algorithm.

Development

If you find any bug, have a question or a general feature request. Open an issue on the 'Issue' page.

To contribute to the project:

1. Clone the repo and make changes
2. Build the code: docker build pygmy
3. Test the changer by running: docker run -it -p 8000:8000 pygmy
4. The website will be available at http://127.0.0.1:8000/

Run tests:

1. Install pytest (if not already installed): pip install pytest
2. In root directory run command: py.test

Run tests with coverage report

1. Install coverage pip install coverage
2. Run command: coverage run --omit="*/templates*,*/venv*,*/tests*" -m py.test
3. See coverage report(Coverage numbers are low as the coverage for integration tests is not generated): coverage report

Sponsorship

The demo version of this website is made possible due to the generous sponsorship of DigitalOcean

License

MIT License

Copyright (c) 2022 Amit Tripathi(https://twitter.com/amitt019)

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

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