django-encrypted-id

Note: Encrypted IDs generated by version 0.3.0 onwards will be different from those generated by version 0.2.0. But versions 0.3.x will decrypt the IDs generated by the version 0.2.0.

Note: Version 0.2.0 is a breaking change from versions 0.1.x <https://github.com/amitu/django-encrypted-id/tree/v0.1>_. If you've been using ekey in permalinks, then it is recommended for you to not upgrade to 0.2.x.

Consider this example model:

.. code-block:: python

from django.db import models

from encrypted_id.models import EncryptedIDModel

class Foo(EncryptedIDModel):
    text = models.TextField()

By inheriting from EncryptedIDModel, you get .ekey as a property on your model instances. This is how they will look like:

.. code-block:: python

In [1]: from tapp.models import Foo

In [2]: f = Foo.objects.create(text="asd")

In [3]: f.id
Out[3]: 1

In [4]: f.ekey
Out[4]: 'bxuZXwM4NdgGauVWR-ueUA'
You can do reverse lookup:

In [5]: from encrypted_id import decode

In [6]: decode(f.ekey)
Out[6]: 1

If you can not inherit from the helper base class, no problem, you can just use the ekey() function from encrypted_id package:

.. code-block:: python

In [7]: from encrypted_id import ekey

In [8]: from django.contrib.auth.models import User

In [9]: ekey(User.objects.get(pk=1))
Out[9]: 'bxuZXwM4NdgGauVWR-ueUA'

To do the reverse lookup, you have two helpers available. First is provided by EncryptedIDManager, which is used by default if you inherit from EncryptedIDModel, and have not overwritten the .objects:

.. code-block:: python

In [10]: Foo.objects.get_by_ekey(f.ekey)
Out[10]: <Foo: Foo object>

But sometimes you will prefer the form:

.. code-block:: python

In [11]: Foo.objects.get_by_ekey_or_404(f.ekey)
Out[11]: <Foo: Foo object>

Which works the same, but instead of raising DoesNotExist, it raises Http404, so it can be used in views.

You your manager is not inheriting from EncryptedIDManager, you can use:

.. code-block:: python

In [12]: e = ekey(User.objects.first())

In [13]: e
Out[13]: 'bxuZXwM4NdgGauVWR-ueUA'

In [14]: get_object_or_404(User, e)
Out[14]: <User: amitu>

encrypted_id.get_object_or_404, as well as EncryptedIDManager.get_by_ekey and EncryptedIDManager.get_by_ekey_or_404 take extra keyword argument, that can be used to filter if you want.

If you are curious, the regex used to match the generated ids is:

.. code-block:: python

"[0-9a-zA-Z-_]+"

If you are using smarturls <http://amitu.com/smarturls/>_, you can use URL pattern like:

.. code-block:: python

"/<ekey:foo>/"

I recommend this usage of encrypted-id over UUID, as UUIDs have significant issues that should be considered (tldr: they take more space on disk and RAM, and have inferior indexing than integer ids), and if your goal is simply to make URLs non guessable, encrypted id is a superior approach.

If you are curious about the encryption used: I am using AES, from pycryptodomex library, and am using SECRET_KEY for password (SECRET_KEY[:32]) and IV (first 16 characters of hash of SECRET_KEY and a sub_key), in the AES.CBC mode. The sub_key is taken from the model's Meta attribute ek_key, or simply db_table if ek_key is not set.

In general it is recommended not to have static IV, but CBC offsets some of the problems with having static IV. What is the the issue with static IV you ask: if plain text "abc" and "abe" are encrypted, the first two bytes would be same. Now this does not present a serious problem for us, as the plain text that I am encrypting uses CRC32 in the beginning of payload, so even if you have ids, 1, 11, an attacker can not say they both start with same first character.

The library also supports the scenario that you have to cycle SECRET_KEY due to some reason, so URLs encrypted with older SECRET_KEY can still be decoded after you have changed it (as long as you store old versions in SECRET_KEYS setting). In order to decrypt the library tries each secret key, and compares the CRC32 of data to know for sure (as sure as things get in such things), that we have decrypted properly.

Do feel free to raise an issue here, if you face any issues, I would be happy to help. The library supports both python 2.7 and 3.5, as well as it all versions of django that django team supports.