[PM-8301] Create bitwarden-vault

[Hinton]

🎟️ Tracking

https://bitwarden.atlassian.net/browse/PM-8301

📔 Objective

Continue extracting functionality from bitwarden to new crates.

• Extracts VaultLocked to bitwarden-core.
• Moved bitwarden/src/vault models to bitwarden-vault crate.
• Refactored Authenticator logic to not impl vault owned models.

⏰ Reminders before review

• Contributor guidelines followed
• All formatters and local linters executed and passed
• Written new unit and / or integration tests where applicable
• Protected functional changes with optionality (feature flags)
• Used internationalization (i18n) for all UI strings
• CI builds passed
• Communicated to DevOps any deployment requirements
• Updated any necessary documentation (Confluence, contributing docs) or informed the documentation team

🦮 Reviewer guidelines

• 👍 (:+1:) or similar for great changes
• 📝 (:memo:) or ℹ️ (:information_source:) for notes or general info
• ❓ (:question:) for questions
• 🤔 (:thinking:) or 💭 (:thought_balloon:) for more open inquiry that's not quite a confirmed issue and could potentially benefit from discussion
• 🎨 (:art:) for suggestions / improvements
• ❌ (:x:) or ⚠️ (:warning:) for more significant problems or concerns needing attention
• 🌱 (:seedling:) or ♻️ (:recycle:) for future improvements or indications of technical debt
• ⛏ (:pick:) for minor or nitpick changes

[github-actions[bot]]

Checkmarx One – Scan Summary & Details – ec3f8fca-4156-425f-ac62-fdfe533c721f

New Issues

Severity	Issue	Source File / Package	Checkmarx Insight
	Unpinned Actions Full Length Commit SHA	/publish-rust-crates.yml: [178](https://github.com/bitwarden/sdk/blob/ps/bitwarden-vault//.github/workflows/publish-rust-crates.yml# L178)	Pinning an action to a full length commit SHA is currently the only way to use an action as an immutable release. Pinning to a particular SHA helps...

Fixed Issues

Severity	Issue	Source File / Package
	Unpinned Actions Full Length Commit SHA	/publish-rust-crates.yml: [167](https://github.com/bitwarden/sdk/blob/ps/bitwarden-vault//.github/workflows/publish-rust-crates.yml# L167)

[codecov[bot]]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 42.50765% with 188 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 59.25%. Comparing base (5ee45a1) to head (b4b8658).

Files	Patch %	Lines
crates/bitwarden/src/platform/fido2/mod.rs	0.00%	73 Missing :warning:
crates/bitwarden-vault/src/exporters.rs	66.09%	59 Missing :warning:
crates/bitwarden-vault/src/cipher/cipher.rs	36.84%	12 Missing :warning:
crates/bitwarden-vault/src/cipher/login.rs	0.00%	5 Missing :warning:
crates/bitwarden/src/mobile/tool/client_sends.rs	0.00%	5 Missing :warning:
...ates/bitwarden/src/platform/fido2/authenticator.rs	0.00%	5 Missing :warning:
crates/bitwarden-vault/src/cipher/attachment.rs	0.00%	3 Missing :warning:
crates/bitwarden-vault/src/domain.rs	0.00%	3 Missing :warning:
crates/bitwarden/src/vault/sync.rs	0.00%	2 Missing :warning:
crates/bitwarden-core/src/error.rs	0.00%	1 Missing :warning:
... and 20 more

Additional details and impacted files

```diff @@ Coverage Diff @@ ## main #825 +/- ## ========================================== - Coverage 59.34% 59.25% -0.10% ========================================== Files 183 186 +3 Lines 12423 12416 -7 ========================================== - Hits 7373 7357 -16 - Misses 5050 5059 +9 ```

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