Migrate fido logic to use explicit errors

[Hinton]

🎟️ Tracking

📔 Objective

This PR establishes explicit error types for the fido logic.

In order to extract the fido logic into a separate bitwarden-fido crate, we need to remove the dependencies on the bitwarden logic. Most of this is either the Client struct which is currently difficult, or the Error and Result types which this PR focuses on.

⏰ Reminders before review

• Contributor guidelines followed
• All formatters and local linters executed and passed
• Written new unit and / or integration tests where applicable
• Protected functional changes with optionality (feature flags)
• Used internationalization (i18n) for all UI strings
• CI builds passed
• Communicated to DevOps any deployment requirements
• Updated any necessary documentation (Confluence, contributing docs) or informed the documentation team

🦮 Reviewer guidelines

• 👍 (:+1:) or similar for great changes
• 📝 (:memo:) or ℹ️ (:information_source:) for notes or general info
• ❓ (:question:) for questions
• 🤔 (:thinking:) or 💭 (:thought_balloon:) for more open inquiry that's not quite a confirmed issue and could potentially benefit from discussion
• 🎨 (:art:) for suggestions / improvements
• ❌ (:x:) or ⚠️ (:warning:) for more significant problems or concerns needing attention
• 🌱 (:seedling:) or ♻️ (:recycle:) for future improvements or indications of technical debt
• ⛏ (:pick:) for minor or nitpick changes

[github-actions[bot]]

Checkmarx One – Scan Summary & Details – eb7837b5-bbbd-4980-b007-7bc0b88bed73

No New Or Fixed Issues Found

[codecov[bot]]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 5.76923% with 147 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 58.83%. Comparing base (3f56e58) to head (2b9ceb1).

Files	Patch %	Lines
...ates/bitwarden/src/platform/fido2/authenticator.rs	0.00%	82 Missing :warning:
crates/bitwarden-uniffi/src/platform/fido2.rs	0.00%	25 Missing :warning:
crates/bitwarden/src/platform/fido2/mod.rs	25.00%	21 Missing :warning:
crates/bitwarden/src/platform/fido2/client.rs	0.00%	9 Missing :warning:
crates/bitwarden/src/platform/fido2/crypto.rs	0.00%	7 Missing :warning:
crates/bitwarden/src/platform/fido2/types.rs	0.00%	3 Missing :warning:

Additional details and impacted files

```diff @@ Coverage Diff @@ ## main #835 +/- ## ========================================== - Coverage 59.24% 58.83% -0.42% ========================================== Files 186 186 Lines 12426 12517 +91 ========================================== + Hits 7362 7364 +2 - Misses 5064 5153 +89 ```

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