What this package can do

Calculate reflectance, transmittance, and scattering parameters from stacks of planar thin films
Simulate diffraction efficiencies, scattering matrices from 1D diffraction gratings
Simulate diffraction efficiencies, scattering matrices from 2D photonic crystals

Getting Started

Installation

The recommended way to install this software is with pip:

pip install rcwa

And that's it!

Hello World Program

To see a simple example, run:

python -m rcwa.examples.bragg_mirror

This should run an example with a 10-layer bragg mirror (also known as a dielectric mirror), which can have very high reflectance near its design wavelength, and output the reflectance as a function of wavelength, as seen below:

Bragg Mirror Plot

Features

Implements 1D Transfer Matrix Method for homogenous layers
Implements full rectangular 2D RCWA for periodic layers
Huge material database for n/k values in optical range built-in based on refractiveindex.info, including metals, plastics, glass, and ceramics
Easy to use class-based syntax
Integrated parameter sweeps of any simulation parameter: geometry, materials, wavelength, angle of incidence, etc.
Compute reflection and transmission spectra at arbitrary incidence and polarization
Compute spectroscopic ellipsometry curves
Compute reflected power, transmitted power, and S-parameters
Large, fast-to-run test suite
Extremely fast narrowband, rigorously correct simulations well suited for resonant devices
Built-in convergence testing

Example Uses

Compute reflected and transmitted power from a thin film stack
Determine resonant frequency of a VCSEL
Determine reflectance of a bragg mirror, on or off-axis
Find diffraction efficiencies for a 1D or 2D diffraction grating
Compute reflected power from a metallic mirror

Examples

All examples are in the examples/ directory in your locally installed rcwa package, or in rcwa/examples/ on this repository.

Reflection off Dispersive Materials

The below example demonstrates the reflection spectra you get reflecting off a bare surface of silicon, using the built-in materials database.

from rcwa import Material, Layer, LayerStack, Source, Solver, Plotter

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
startWavelength = 0.25
stopWavelength = 0.8
stepWavelength = 0.001

# Setup the source
source = Source(wavelength=startWavelength)

# Setup the materials and geometry
si = Material(name='Si')

# Setup the interface
reflectionLayer = Layer(n=1) # Free space
transmissionLayer = Layer(material=si)
stack = LayerStack(incident_layer=reflectionLayer, transmission_layer=transmissionLayer)

# Setup the solver
TMMSolver = Solver(stack, source, (1, 1))

# Setup and run the sweep
wavelengths = np.arange(startWavelength, stopWavelength + stepWavelength,
        stepWavelength)
results = TMMSolver.solve(wavelength=wavelengths)
results.plot(x='wavelength', y='RTot', show=True)

Dispersive Si Plot

Source Wavelength / Angle Sweeps

import numpy as np
from rcwa import Material, Layer, LayerStack, Source, Solver, Plotter

# Setup the source
startWavelength = 0.25
stopWavelength = 0.8
stepWavelength = 0.02
wavelengths = np.arange(startWavelength, stopWavelength + stepWavelength,
        stepWavelength)
thetas = np.linspace(0, np.pi/4,10)

source = Source(wavelength=startWavelength)

thin_film = Layer(thickness=0.1, n=2)
substrate = Layer(n=4)
stack = LayerStack(thick_film, transmission_layer=substrate)

solver = Solver(stack, source)

results = solver.solve(wavelength=wavelengths, theta=thetas)
results.plot(x='wavelength', y='RTot', show=True)

Reflectance vs Wavelength with varying angle

Geometry Sweeps

Here, we set up a simulation with a rectangular grating on a substrate with a relative permittivity of 9, and a wavelength of 0.5 units (microns, meters, whatever you like!). This can be found in the grating_sweep.py example. In this example we are sweeping the thickness, but we could have swept the period or refractive index or permittivity.

from rcwa import Source, Layer, LayerStack, Crystal, Solver, RectangularGrating
import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

reflection_layer = Layer(er=1.0, ur=1.0)
transmission_layer = Layer(er=9.0, ur=1.0)

wavelength = 0.5
source = Source(wavelength=wavelength)

N_harmonics = 11

grating_layer = RectangularGrating(period=2, thickness=0.5, n=4, n_void=1, nx=500)
layer_stack = LayerStack(grating_layer, incident_layer=reflection_layer, transmission_layer=transmission_layer)

solver_1d = Solver(layer_stack, source, N_harmonics)
results = solver_1d.solve((grating_layer, {'thickness': np.linspace(0.3, 0.5, 100)}))

results.plot(x='thickness', y='RTot', show=True)

Reflectance vs Thickness

Documentation

This project is documented on Github Pages. For additional information, including downloading examples, you can view this project on github.

Author: Jordan Edmunds, UC Irvine Alumnus, UC Berkeley Ph.D. Student

Date Started: 2020/01/05

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: How do I tell the solver to use the Transfer Matrix Method or Rigorous Coupled Wave Analysis? A: Don't worry, it will figure it out for you.

License

This project is distributed under the MIT license.

Dependencies

Dependencies are comprehensively covered by the setup.py file, and the most recent set of dependencies can be found there. Currently, this requires numpy, scipy, pandas, matplotlib, and pyyaml. The documentation is built using Sphinx and hosted on readthedocs.io.

Acknowledgements / References

This work is based primarily on a set of lectures and associated course material by Professor Raymond Rumpf at the University of Texas, El Paso.

[1] Rakić, Aleksandar D., Aleksandra B. Djurišić, Jovan M. Elazar, and Marian L. Majewski. "Optical properties of metallic films for vertical-cavity optoelectronic devices." Applied optics 37, no. 22 (1998): 5271-5283.

edmundsj / rcwa

readme