Demystifying CLIP Data

This repository contains the code for the MetaCLIP, described in the paper Demystifying CLIP Data that formalizes CLIP data curation as a simple algorithm. The main contributions are:

Curating data from scratch without filtering via prior models (e.g., different from existing open source efforts ) that uses the original CLIP model as a teacher for filtering student data.
Making training data more transparent, we released our training data distribution over metadata;
A scalable algorithm running in the data pipeline, allowing to scale the data pool to the whole CommonCrawl (CC) w/ 300+B image-text pairs. We observe that data quality is much more important than quantity (different from existing open source efforts or ALIGN that mostly scale quantity);
standard CLIP training setup for controlled experiments and fair comparisons under fixed training and model configuration.

We conclude that:

Effective pretraining data should maximally preserve signal and mitigate noise, instead of hard removal of noise with blackbox filters that lead to unknown distribution
Our algorithm is simpler and scalable to curate the whole Internet
Open-sourcing does not just entail a trained model checkpoint but more importantly the pre-training data distribution.

MetaCLIP is trained w/ face blurred images.

@inproceedings{xu2023metaclip,
   title={Demystifying CLIP Data},
   author={Hu Xu, Saining Xie, Xiaoqing Ellen Tan, Po-Yao Huang, Russell Howes, Vasu Sharma, Shang-Wen Li, Gargi Ghosh, Luke Zettlemoyer and Christoph Feichtenhofer},
   journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2309.16671},
   year={2023}
}

Updates

04/25/2024: 🔥 paper MoDE: CLIP Data Experts via Clustering is accepted by CVPR 2024 with code released.
01/18/2024: 🔥 add code for building metadata.
01/16/2024: 🔥 paper accepted by ICLR as spotlight presentation.
12/25/2023: Huggingface Space demo and Colab released.
12/21/2023: ViT-G/14 released.
09/28/2023: initial release.

Quick Start

The pre-trained MetaCLIP models are available in

[Huggingface](https://huggingface.co/models?other=metaclip)

```python from PIL import Image from transformers import AutoProcessor, AutoModel processor = AutoProcessor.from_pretrained("facebook/metaclip-b32-400m") model = AutoModel.from_pretrained("facebook/metaclip-b32-400m") image = Image.open("docs/CLIP.png") inputs = processor(text=["a diagram", "a dog", "a cat"], images=image, return_tensors="pt", padding=True) with torch.no_grad(): outputs = model(**inputs) logits_per_image = outputs.logits_per_image # this is the image-text similarity score text_probs = logits_per_image.softmax(dim=-1) print("Label probs:", text_probs) ```

[OpenCLIP](https://github.com/mlfoundations/open_clip) (or this repo)

```python import torch from PIL import Image import open_clip model, _, preprocess = open_clip.create_model_and_transforms('ViT-B-32-quickgelu', pretrained='metaclip_400m') # for 2.5B use 'metaclip_fullcc' in OpenCLIP or 'metaclip_2_5b' in this repo image = preprocess(Image.open("docs/CLIP.png")).unsqueeze(0) text = open_clip.tokenize(["a diagram", "a dog", "a cat"]) with torch.no_grad(): image_features = model.encode_image(image) text_features = model.encode_text(text) image_features /= image_features.norm(dim=-1, keepdim=True) text_features /= text_features.norm(dim=-1, keepdim=True) text_probs = (100.0 * image_features @ text_features.T).softmax(dim=-1) print("Label probs:", text_probs) ```

Pre-trained Models

All MetaCLIP adhere to OpenAI CLIP training setup: we hope to bring back controlled experiments in the "CLIP era of ImageNet". Specifically, we use OpenAI CLIP's quickgelu activation for all model configs (which was missing in older versions of OpenCLIP that mainly uses nn.GELU instead). We add ViT-B-16-quickgelu, ViT-L-14-quickgelu, ViT-H-14-quickgelu and ViT-bigG-14-quickgelu in this repo.

`model_name`	`pretrained`	Data Card	# of Seen Pairs	Res.	GPUs	IN ZS Acc.
`ViT-B-32-quickgelu`	`metaclip_400m`	data card	12.8B	224	64 x V100	65.5
`ViT-B-16-quickgelu`	`metaclip_400m`	data card	12.8B	224	64 x V100	70.8
`ViT-L-14-quickgelu`	`metaclip_400m`	data card	12.8B	224	128 x V100	76.2
`ViT-B-32-quickgelu`	`metaclip_2_5b`	data card	12.8B	224	64 x V100	67.6
`ViT-B-16-quickgelu`	`metaclip_2_5b`	data card	12.8B	224	64 x V100	72.1
`ViT-L-14-quickgelu`	`metaclip_2_5b`	data card	12.8B	224	128 x V100	79.2
`ViT-H-14-quickgelu`	`metaclip_2_5b`	data card	12.8B	224	256 x A100	80.5
`ViT-bigG-14-quickgelu`	`metaclip_2_5b`	data card	12.8B	224	256 x A100	82.1

Development

This code is customized from OpenCLIP and will be maintained separately for research on MetaCLIP. The following command should install requirements for OpenCLIP and submitit=1.2.1 used by this repo:

conda create -n metaclip python=3.10 pytorch torchvision pytorch-cuda=11.7 tqdm ftfy braceexpand regex pandas submitit=1.2.1 \
    -c pytorch-nightly \
    -c nvidia \
    -c conda-forge \
    -c anaconda

Metadata

MetaCLIP uses 500,000 queries as metadata to align the training data to distribution over quality writing of Wikipedia/WordNet terms. This metadata also allows us to release training data distribution of a released model as data card.

How to Curate ?

We have a demo notebook to show how the proposed algorithm works.

I already have a (head distributed) dataset

CLIP curation can still help as online balancing (Table 6 in the paper). We wrap CLIP curation in two key functions: substring matching (recommended to run offline) and balancing (either offline or online, please check metaclip.balancing:main).

import json
import numpy as np
from metaclip.substr_matching import substr_matching
from metaclip.balancing import balance_sampling

with open("metadata.json") as f:
  metadata = json.load(f)
# entry counts for our 1.6B(pool) -> 400M(curated); please check balance_sampling:main and substr match and count on your own data.
with open("metaclip/entry_counts_400m.json") as f:
  entry_count_json = json.load(f)
entry_count = np.array([entry_count_json[entry] for entry in metadata], dtype=np.uint64)  # uint64 to be safe for scaling.

t = 20000
entry_count[entry_count < t] = t
entry_prob = t / entry_count

for text in ["jacksons chameleon", "battery plate"]:
  matched_entry_ids = substr_matching(text, metadata)  # this is for demo purpose that redo substr_matching; see metaclip/README.md.
  curation_prob = min(entry_prob[matched_entry_ids].sum(), 1.0)
  curated = balance_sampling(matched_entry_ids, entry_prob)
  print(f"[curation_prob={curation_prob:.3f}, curated={curated}] {text}")

I want to curate data from scratch

We release a skeleton code for sub-string matching from CommonCrawl WAT or WARC and balancing. Check here for details.

Numpy Impl.

A numpy impl. of the algorithm can be found at metaclip.pipeline, close to the impl. used by the paper.

Training

python submitit_openclip.py b32_400m

Please config the corresponding training_data in run_configs_400m.py.

Build Your Own Metadata

Consider start from our code for building CLIP's 500k metadata.

Bugs or questions?

If you have any questions related to the code or the paper, feel free to email Hu Xu (huxu@meta.com).

Citation

Please cite our paper (accepted by ICLR2024 as spotlight presentation) if MetaCLIP helps your work:

@inproceedings{xu2023metaclip,
   title={Demystifying CLIP Data},
   author={Hu Xu, Saining Xie, Xiaoqing Ellen Tan, Po-Yao Huang, Russell Howes, Vasu Sharma, Shang-Wen Li, Gargi Ghosh, Luke Zettlemoyer and Christoph Feichtenhofer},
   journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2309.16671},
   year={2023}
}

Reference

The training code is developed based on OpenCLIP, modified to the vanilla CLIP training setup.

TODO

v0.1 code release;
refactor openclip as v0.2;
pip installation;
(welcome your use cases or suggestions to update this codebase regularly)

License

The majority of MetaCLIP is licensed under CC-BY-NC, however portions of the project are available under separate license terms: open_clip is licensed under the https://github.com/mlfoundations/open_clip license.

Acknowledgement

We gratefully acknowledge the OpenCLIP team for initial CLIP codebase and integration and NielsRogge's integration into Huggingface.

facebookresearch / MetaCLIP

readme