multiAtlasTT (Beta)

Multi-Atlas Transfer Tools for Neuroimaging (maTT)

Given a completed FreeSurfer recon-all directory, these scripts can transfer an atlas (.annot file; also called a 'parcellation') in fsaverage space to subject space, in both volume (nifti) and surface (.annot) format. Therefore, using these tools one can obtain multiple parcellations in the subject space⁵ (in addition to the Desikan-Killiany and Destrieux parcellations that recon-all usually constructs¹). The major part of the label transfer script was adapted from scripts written by the CJNeuroLab. The goal of these tools is to make fitting multiple atlases a piece of cake. Have fun!

This project is in beta; work is ongoing. Please feel free to comment via issue/pull request. If you use these tools in an academic work, you might consider citing this repo.

maTT2 update (recommended)

We have now added functionality to use FreeSurfer Gaussian classifier surface atlas (.gcs) files to label individual subjects. These files are large, so they are hosted in a Figshare repository here: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.5998583.

The gcs files were created by running the Mindboggle 101 brains (http://dx.doi.org/10.7910/DVN/HMQKCK) through FreeSurfer recon-all (versions 5.3, 6.0, and 7.1) and creating individually labeled atlases using the maTT functionality. For each atlas, we created a Gaussian classifer surface atlas using the 101 Mindboggle subjects. We have provided an example script for this creation process (maTT2_caLabelTrain_example.sh). We have also trained Gaussian classifier surface atlases using the HCP unrelated 100 subjects; these can be found here: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7552853.

An advantage of using the maTT2 functionality is that it takes much less time. Additionally, the maTT2-derived atlases seem to contain smoother borders between parcellated regions.

Prerequisites

• FSL
• FreeSurfer
• easy_lausanne (optional, but good to have)
  • Also, easy_lausanne is a great tool that you should check out!
• python3 with nibabel. If you need to point to a specific python executable (as might be case on shared grid computing), you can export py_bin=/your/path/to/python in the bash script.
• Unix environment to run scripts on (developed on Ubuntu 16.04)

Usage

See example_run_maTT.sh for modifiable example scipt to run maTT.

See example_run_maTT2.sh for modifiable example script to run maTT2, which uses gcs files that need to be downloaded from the accompanying figshare repository.

What do these scripts output? + Some considerations!

After program completion, the resultant file of interest will be called ${atlas}/${atlas}_rmap.nii.gz (rmap stands for re-mapped) which will contain the atlas labels 1:(num labels). 14 Subcortical labels will be added at the end. There will be a filed called ${atlas}/${atlas}_rmap.nii.gz_remap.txt which described how the original label numbers from the FreeSurfer annotation⁴ were mapped to this rmap nifti file.

The LUT (look up table) files will let you know the names of the cortical labels (but remember the extra 14 at the end, which correspond to these regions which are extracted from the FreeSurfer segmentation). For example, see the LUT for the Schaefer100 here or for the hcp-mmp here. Please pay attention to the regions labeled stuff like *unknown* or *???* in the LUT. These regions will likely be in your ${atlas}/${atlas}_rmap.nii.gz ... but you probably want to ignore them for analysis.

Sometimes, parcellation regions on the surface atlas might be so small, that they don't render in the output volume. In this case, the indices of the outputs will still correspond to the LUT (in other words, the indices should not be shifted!). Be aware that this could happen and adjust downstream analysis code accordingly please.

Overall, please carefully check the output of these tools to make sure that there aren't any data discrepancies and that you can correctly identify which label is which. These tools are provided for your convenience, but the quality of their output cannot be guaranteed. Please also note that the method for fitting these parcellations uses information from FreeSurfer's surface warp; however, some of these parcellations were originally fit via different means. Please do consider how this could affect your downstream analysis. Overall, use at your own risk! These tools were built to allow easy access to numerous parcellations, at the expense of using a single fitting method (FreeSurfer's warp) for all parcellations.

Data Sources

Note: for all atlases, only cortical areas are fit with the surface warp. The additional 14 subcortical areas are from FreeSurfer's segmentation

• aicha (344 cortical nodes + 14 subcort nodes)

  • Joliot, M., Jobard, G., Naveau, M., Delcroix, N., Petit, L., Zago, L., ... & Tzourio-Mazoyer, N. (2015). AICHA: An atlas of intrinsic connectivity of homotopic areas. Journal of neuroscience methods, 254, 46-59.

  • The original volmetric atlas in MNI space was projected for fsaverage using the CBIG lab's registration fusion
  • This is not the complete aicha atlas, as it is missing subcortical areas defined by that atlas. The subcort here are from FreeSurfer (as is the case with all these parcellations).

• gordon333dil (333 nodes + 14 subcort nodes)

  • Gordon, E. M., Laumann, T. O., Adeyemo, B., Huckins, J. F., Kelley, W. M., & Petersen, S. E. (2014). Generation and evaluation of a cortical area parcellation from resting-state correlations. Cerebral cortex, 26(1), 288-303. Chicago

  • gordon333dil is a version of the gordon atlas without gaps between the labels; was created by using the dilateParcellation tool.

• hcp-mmp & hcp-mmp-b (360 nodes + 14 subcort nodes)

  • Glasser, M. F., Coalson, T. S., Robinson, E. C., Hacker, C. D., Harwell, J., Yacoub, E., ... & Smith, S. M. (2016). A multi-modal parcellation of human cerebral cortex. Nature, 536(7615), 171-178.

  • ²
  • hcp-mmp-b is a version of the HCP-MMP1.0 atlas converted from the BALSA database (file: Q1-Q6_RelatedValidation210.CorticalAreas_dil_Final_Final_Areas_Group_Colors.32k_fs_LR.dlabel.nii) using the fsLR_2_fsaverage_4_labels tool. This tool follows the recommendations found here using the 8may2017 data. Note: this hcp-mmp-b atlas does not have '???' regions for the left and right hemis, wheresas the hcp-mmp atlas does. This affects the final node label indices in the rmap files. Also, the color LUT of the hcp-mmp-b is slightly different.

• nspn500 (308 nodes + 14 subcort nodes)

  • Whitaker, K. J., Vértes, P. E., Romero-Garcia, R., Váša, F., Moutoussis, M., Prabhu, G., ... & Tait, R. (2016). Adolescence is associated with genomically patterned consolidation of the hubs of the human brain connectome. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(32), 9105-9110.

  • Romero-Garcia, R., Atienza, M., Clemmensen, L. H., & Cantero, J. L. (2012). Effects of network resolution on topological properties of human neocortex. Neuroimage, 59(4), 3522-3532.

• schaefer*-yeo17 (100, 200, 300, 400, 500 + 14 subcort nodes)

  • Schaefer, A., Kong, R., Gordon, E. M., Laumann, T. O., Zuo, X. N., Holmes, A. J., ... & Yeo, B. T. (2017). Local-global parcellation of the human cerebral cortex from intrinsic functional connectivity mri. Cerebral Cortex, 1-20.

• yeo17dil (114 nodes + 14 subcort nodes)

  • Yeo BT, Krienen FM, Sepulcre J, Sabuncu MR, Lashkari D, Hollinshead M, Roffman JL, Smoller JW, Zollei L., Polimeni JR, Fischl B, Liu H, Buckner RL. The organization of the human cerebral cortex estimated by intrinsic functional connectivity. Journal of Neurophysiology 106(3):1125-1165, 2011.

  • Krienen FM, Yeo BTT, Buckner RL. Reconfigurable state-dependent functional coupling modes cluster around a core functional architecture. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 369:20130526, 2014.

  • Yeo BTT, Tandi J, Chee MWL. Functional connectivity during rested wakefulness predicts vulnerability to sleep deprivation. Neuroimage 111:147-158, 2015.

  • Zuo, X.N., et al. An open science resource for establishing reliability and reproducibility in functional connectomics, Sci data, 1:140049, 2014.

  • yeo17dil is a version of the yeo17 split-label atlas without gaps between the labels; was created by using the dilateParcellation tool
  • ³

• Added data from Arslan et. al 2017 Box (note: experimental)

  • We transformed the Arslan data, which is fs_LR 32k space, to fsaverage space, and then made .annot files in this space. For these data, we created arbitrary parcel names and LUT files. The LUT files here seem to have some weirdness in them regarding hemisphere assignments. Thus, these atlases are provided as a means to slice up the cortex. The names and correspondences of the LUT should be determined independently; not based on the LUT files provided here.
  • aal (82 + 14 subcort nodes)

  • Rolls, E. T., Joliot, M., & Tzourio-Mazoyer, N. (2015). Implementation of a new parcellation of the orbitofrontal cortex in the automated anatomical labeling atlas. Neuroimage, 122, 1-5.

  • arslan (50 + 14 subcort nodes)

  • Arslan, S., & Rueckert, D. (2015, October). Multi-level parcellation of the cerebral cortex using resting-state fMRI. In International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention (pp. 47-54). Springer, Cham.

  • ica (168 + 14 subcort nodes)

  • Beckmann, C. F., & Smith, S. M. (2004). Probabilistic independent component analysis for functional magnetic resonance imaging. IEEE transactions on medical imaging, 23(2), 137-152.

  • power (130 + 14 subcort nodes)

  • Power, J. D., Cohen, A. L., Nelson, S. M., Wig, G. S., Barnes, K. A., Church, J. A., ... & Petersen, S. E. (2011). Functional network organization of the human brain. Neuron, 72(4), 665-678.

Notes / FAQ

• Useful reading for considering what parcellation to use:

  Zalesky, A., Fornito, A., Harding, I. H., Cocchi, L., Yücel, M., Pantelis, C., & Bullmore, E. T. (2010). Whole-brain anatomical networks: does the choice of nodes matter?. Neuroimage, 50(3), 970-983.

  de Reus, M. A., & Van den Heuvel, M. P. (2013). The parcellation-based connectome: limitations and extensions. Neuroimage, 80, 397-404.

  Arslan, S., Ktena, S. I., Makropoulos, A., Robinson, E. C., Rueckert, D., & Parisot, S. (2017). Human brain mapping: a systematic comparison of parcellation methods for the human cerebral cortex. NeuroImage.

  Messé, A. (2020). Parcellation influence on the connectivity‐based structure–function relationship in the human brain. Human Brain Mapping, 41(5), 1167-1180.

• The atlases here are not a comprehensive set of the parcellations used in neuroimaging. If you would like to see another parcellation (in fsaverage space) supported here, feel free to post an issue/pull request!

• Fitting a parcellation in the manner used here is not the only method for fitting parcellations to neuroimage data. While these tools warp an 'average' brain to each subject, some methods compute individualized parcellations based on subject-level data.

• Previously, this repository contained 'shen268cort' and 'baldassano' atlases with flawed data (my own error) that I projected to the surface. They have since been removed (nothing wrong with using the real atlases in your own work! They are wonderful and I urge you to check them out in their original format). Just a reminder (again), be sure to check the quality of the data when you use it, to make sure it looks as expected! Thanks!

• The gcs label training script uses surfaces fit with the original maTT functionality, to produce the maTT2 files. These surface annotations were not manually edited, like what was done for the Mindboggle-101.

• How are these methods different than using a parcellation in a standard volume space (say, MNI)? Using these tools, you'll recover a parcellation in the T1w space. This parcellation will use FreeSurfer's surface-based functions to render this parcellation in this space. As a result, you'll get a parcellation that follows the individual's cortical ribbon (assuming it was segmented well with FreeSurfer). Therefore, you can use the output atlases to measure parcellation-based info in the native space, avoiding a non-linear warp of the info to a common space.

Checkout the Brainlife.io version of this tool here.

Footnotes

¹ The maTT tools transfer the atlas from fsaverage to subject space using _mrilabel2label, whereas FreeSufer recon-all uses _mris_calabel to generative the Desikan and Destrieux parcellations in native space. This tool can be used as part of a pipeline to generate the appropriate .gcs files necessary for potentially using the _mris_catrain and _mris_calabel functions. In fact, this is what we did to make the .gcs files for the maTT2 functionality.

² The creators of the HCP-MMP1.0 atlas do not fully support transferring their parcellation to volume space. This is because the HCP altas is supposed to be fit with multiple imaging modalities, multi-modal surface matching, and a perceptron; on a high resolution surface. These tools only utilize the FreeSurfer surface registration. Therefore, proceed at your own risk. See also this preprint for additional info on the HCP viewpoint.

³ The yeo17 atlas used here is the subdivided 17 atlas, which contains 57 nodes per hemisphere. This atlas was originally in fsaverage5 space, but we have upsampled it to fsaverage space. Note that gaps exist between atlas regions; these gaps are labeled as intensities 1 and 59 for the left and right hemisphere respectively.

⁴ Note that the FreeSurfer annotation adds 1000 to values of the left hemisphere and 2000 to values of the right hemisphere. In the output folder, there will also be a non-rmap'ed file saved, for reference.

⁵ The subject space referred to here is the space that the T1w image was in when submitted to the recon-all script.

_{This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. 1342962. Any opinion, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.}