The Python package for near duplicate video detection

Introduction

Videohash is a Python package for detecting near-duplicate videos (Perceptual Video Hashing). It can take any input video and generate a 64-bit equivalent hash value. Videohash is way more faster than comparing the imagehash values of individual frames of the video and more reliable than hashing keyframes.

The video-hash-values for identical or near-duplicate videos are the same or similar, implying that if the video is resized (upscaled/downscaled), transcoded, watermark added/removed, stabilized, color changed, frame rate changed, changed aspect ratio, cropped, black-bars added or removed, the hash-value should remain unchanged or not vary substantially.

How the hash values are calculated

• Every one second, a frame from the input video is extracted, the frames are shrunk to a 144x144 pixel square, a collage is constructed that contains all of the resized frames(square-shaped), the collage's wavelet hash's bit-list is the first bit-list that we use. The frames extracted are now stitched horizontally to each other, and finally divided into 64 equal sized images, the domiant color of these 64 images are detected and compared with a pre-defined pattern of dominant colors, if they match the bit is set else unset. So now we have two bitlist, finally we bitwise XOR these two bitlists. The XOR'ed output is used to generate the final 64 bit hash-value for the video. The bits are joined to form the 64 bit hash-value of the input value.

When not to use Videohash

• Videohash cannot be used to verify whether one video is a part of another (video fingerprinting). If the video is reversed or rotated by a substantial angle (greater than 10 degrees), Videohash will not provide the same or similar hash result, but you can always reverse the video manually and generate the hash value for reversed video.

How to compare the video hash values stored in a database

• Read Hamming Distance / Similarity searches in a database - Stack Overflow (Archive link)

Installation

To use this software, you must have FFmpeg installed. Please read how to install FFmpeg if you don't already know how.

Install videohash

Upgrade pip

python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip

If you do not want to upgrade pip and the installation fails try appending --prefer-binary to the following installation command(s).

Install from the PyPi (recommended):

pip install videohash

Using conda, from conda-forge (recommended):

Maintainer is @step21

conda install -c conda-forge videohash

Install directly from the GitHub repository (NOT recommended):

pip install git+https://github.com/gfieldGG/videohash.git

Features

• Can be used as the core of a scalable Near Duplicate Video Retrieval (NDVR) system.
• The end-user can access the image representation(the collage) of the video.
• A videohash instance can be compared to a 64-bit stored hash, its hex representation, bitlist, and other videohash instances.

Usage

In the following usage example the first two and the fourth instance of VideoHash class are computing the hash for the same video(not same as in checksum) and the third one is a different video.

• videohash1 is the VideoHash object for the video at https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/64683866/168872267-7c6682f8-7294-4d9a-8a68-8c6f44c06df6.mp4.

• videohash2 video (link : https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/64683866/168869109-1f77c839-6912-4e24-8738-42cb15f3ab47.mp4) is upscaled, FPS changed and a text overlay added version of the first video, url1 at https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/64683866/168872267-7c6682f8-7294-4d9a-8a68-8c6f44c06df6.mp4.

• videohash3 video is a completely different video, at https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/64683866/148960165-a210f2d2-6c41-4349-bd8d-a4cb673bc0af.mp4.

• videohash4 video is a local copy of url1, https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/64683866/168872267-7c6682f8-7294-4d9a-8a68-8c6f44c06df6.mp4.

>>> from videohash import VideoHash
>>> url1 = "https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/64683866/168872267-7c6682f8-7294-4d9a-8a68-8c6f44c06df6.mp4"
>>> videohash1 = VideoHash(url=url1)
>>>
>>> url2 = "https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/64683866/168869109-1f77c839-6912-4e24-8738-42cb15f3ab47.mp4"
>>> videohash2 = VideoHash(url=url2)
>>> videohash2 - videohash1
2
>>> videohash2.is_similar(videohash1)
True
>>>
>>> url3 = "https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/64683866/148960165-a210f2d2-6c41-4349-bd8d-a4cb673bc0af.mp4"
>>> videohash3 = VideoHash(url=url3)
>>> videohash3.is_similar(videohash1)
False
>>> videohash3.is_different(videohash2)
True
>>> videohash3-videohash1
34
>>> videohash3-videohash2
34
>>> path4 = "/home/akamhy/Downloads/168872267-7c6682f8-7294-4d9a-8a68-8c6f44c06df6.mp4"
>>> videohash4 = VideoHash(path=path4)
>>> videohash4 == videohash1
True
>>> videohash4 - videohash1
0
>>> videohash4.is_similar(videohash2)
True
>>> videohash4.is_similar(videohash4)
True
>>> videohash4.is_similar(videohash3)
False
>>>

Extended Usage : https://github.com/akamhy/videohash/wiki/Extended-Usage

API Reference : https://github.com/akamhy/videohash/wiki/API-Reference

Credits

• JohannesBuchner and bunchesofdonald for imagehash.
• Dmitry Petrov for implementing discrete wavelet transform (DWT) based image hashing in Python.
• FFmpeg developers.
• Sam Dobson for image_slicer, videohash incorporates some code from image_slicer.
• Eddievin for README design.
• iconolocode for the videohash logo.

License

Copyright (c) 2021-2022 Akash Mahanty. See license for details.

The VideoHash logo was created by iconolocode. See license for details.

Videos are from NASA and are in the public domain.

NASA copyright policy states that "NASA material is not protected by copyright unless noted".