systemd

Simple library for notifying systemd about process state.

Features

• NOTIFY_SOCKET communication with supervising process.
• Watchdog process will be started automatically (if not disabled). It will also handle sending keep-alive messages automatically.
• Fetching file descriptors passed by the supervisor.
• journal logger handler and formatters.

Installation

Just add this to your rebar.config:

{deps, [systemd]}.

Or in case of Mix project, to your mix.exs:

defp deps do
  [
    {:systemd, "~> 0.6"}
  ]
end

Then call systemd:notify(ready) when your application is ready to work/accept connections or add systemd:ready() as a child of your application's main supervisor.

Non-systemd systems

This application and all functions within are safe to call even in non-systemd and non-Linux OSes. In case if there is no systemd configuration options then all functions will simply work as (almost) no-ops.

Usage

Assuming you have my_app.service unit like that

[Unit]
Description=My Awesome App

[Service]
User=appuser
Group=appgroup
# This will allow using `systemd:notify/1` for informing the system supervisor
# about application status.
Type=notify
# Application need to start in foreground instead of forking into background,
# otherwise it may be not correctly detected and system will try to start it
# again.
ExecStart=/path/to/my_app start
# Enable watchdog process, which will expect messages in given timeframe,
# otherwise it will restart the process as a defunct. It should be managed
# automatically by `systemd` application in most cases and will send messages
# twice as often as requested.
#
# You can force failure by using `systemd:watchdog(trigger)` or manually ping
# systemd watchdog via `systemd:watchdog(ping)`.
WatchdogSec=10s
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

You can inform systemd about state of your application. To do so just call:

% Erlang
systemd:notify(ready).

# Elixir
:systemd.notify(:ready)

This will make systemctl start my_app.service to wait until application is up and running.

If you want to restart your application you can notify systemd about it with:

% Erlang
systemd:notify(reloading).

# Elixir
:systemd.notify(:reloading)

Message about application shutting down will be handled automatically for you.

For simplification of readiness notification there is systemd:ready() function that returns child specs for temporary process that can be used as a part of your supervision tree to mark the point when application is ready, ex.:

% Erlang
-module(my_app_sup).

-behaviour(supervisor).

-export([start_link/1,
         init/1]).

start_link(Opts) ->
    supervisor:start_link({local, ?MODULE}, ?MODULE, Opts).

init(_Opts) ->
    SupFlags = #{
      strategy => one_for_one
    },
    Children = [
      my_app_db:child_spec(),
      my_app_webserver:child_spec(),
      systemd:ready(),
      my_app_periodic_job:child_spec()
    ],

    {ok, {SupFlags, Children}}.

# Elixir
defmodule MyProject.Application do
  use Application

  def start(_type, _opts) do
    children = [
      MyProject.Repo,
      MyProjectWeb.Endpoint,
      :systemd.ready() # <- IMPORTANT - this is a function call (it returns the proper child spec)
    ]

    Supervisor.start_link(children, strategy: :one_for_one)
  end
end

Logs

To handle logs you have 2 possible options:

• Output data to standard output or error with special prefixes. This approach is much simpler and straightforward, however do not support structured logging and multiline messages.
• Use datagram socket with special communication protocol. This requires a little bit more effort to set up, but seamlessly supports structured logging and multiline messages.

This library supports both formats, and it is up to You which one (or both?) your app will decide to use.

Erlang

Standard error

There is systemd_kmsg_formatter which formats data using kmsg-like level prefixes can be used with any logger that outputs to standard output or standard error if this is attached to the journal. By default systemd library will update all handlers that use logger_std_h with type standard_io or standard_error that are attached to the journal (it is automatically detected via JOURNAL_STREAM environment variable). You can disable that behaviour by setting:

% Erlang
[
  {systemd, [{auto_formatter, false}]}
].

For custom loggers you can use this formatter by adding new option parent to the formatter options that will be used as "upstream" formatter, ex.:

logger:add_handler(example_handler, logger_disk_log_h, #{
  formatter => {systemd_kmsg_formatter, #{parent => logger_formatter,
                                          template => [msg]},
  config => #{
    file => "/var/log/my_app.log"
  }
}).

Datagram socket

This one requires systemd application to be started to spawn some processes required for handling sockets, so the best way to handle it is to add predefined systemd handlers after your application starts:

logger:add_handlers(systemd),
logger:remove_handler(default).

Be aware that this one is not guaranteed to work on non-systemd systems, so if You aren't sure if that application will be ran on systemd-enabled OS then you shouldn't use it as an only logger solution in your application or you can end with no logger attached at all.

This handler should not be used with systemd_kmsg_formatter as this will result with pointless kmsg-like prefixes in the log messages.

You can also "manually" configgure handler if you want to configure formatter:

logger:add_handler(my_handler, systemd_journal_h, #{
  formatter => {my_formatter, FormatterOpts}
}),
logger:remove_handler(default).

Elixir

This assumes Elixir 1.10+, as earlier versions do not use Erlang's logger module for dispatching logs.

Standard error

systemd has Erlang's logger backend, which mean that you have 2 ways of achieving what is needed:

1. Disable Elixir's backends and just rely on default Erlang's handler:

   # config/config.exs
   config :logger,
   backends: [],
   handle_otp_reports: false,
   handle_sasl_reports: false

   And then allow systemd to make its magic that is used in "regular" Erlang code.

2. "Manually" add handler that will use systemd_kmsg_formatter:

   # In application start/2 callback
   :ok = :logger.add_handler(
   :my_handler,
   :logger_std_h,
   %{formatter: {:systemd_kmsg_formatter, %{}}}
   )
   Logger.remove_backend(:console)

However remember, that currently (as Elixir 1.11) there is no "Elixir formatter" for Erlang's logger implementation, so you can end with Erlang-style formatting of the metadata in the logs.

Datagram socket

You can use Erlang-like approach, which is:

# In application start/2 callback
:logger.add_handlers(:systemd)
Logger.remove_backend(:console)

Or you can manually configure the handler:

# In application start/2 callback
:logger.add_handler(
  :my_handler,
  :systemd_journal_h,
  %{formatter: {MyFormatter, formatter_opts}}
)
Logger.remove_backend(:console)

Be aware that this one is not guaranteed to work on non-systemd systems, so if You aren't sure if that application will be ran on systemd-enabled OS then you shouldn't use it as an only logger solution in your application or you can end with no logger attached at all.

This handler should not be used with :systemd_kmsg_formatter as this will result with pointless kmsg-like prefixes in the log messages.

License

See LICENSE.