[Clojure] Implement new concept exercise: numbers

This issue describes a new numbers concept exercise for the Clojure track.

Goal

The goal of this exercise is to teach the student how numbers are implemented in Clojure. Since they are generally represented as per Java, and the official reference docs provide little additional insight, care should be taken to be concise but also comprehensive. While Clojure is a hosted language, it must not be assumed that the student is familiar with the host language's concepts, in this case Java numbers,

Things to teach

After completing this exercise, the student should:

Know how numbers are represented in Clojure
Know the range of Longs, BigInts, Doubles and BigDecimals and their notation
Know the existence of ratios and how to use them
Know which number types are "contagious" across their operations

Things not to teach

The following things are outside the scope of this exercise:

Arithmetic operations
Querying/manipulating data

Concepts

This Concepts Exercise's Concepts are:

number
big_integer
decimal number
double
floating_point_number
integer
long

Prerequisites

Numbers are language primitives, therefore this exercise should be reasonably self-explanatory. It would not be fair to assume prior knowledge beyond simple counting.

Resources to refer to

Hints

After

Representer

This exercise does not require any specific representation logic to be added to the representer.

Analyzer

This exercise does not require any specific logic to be added to the analyzer.

Implementing

To implement a Clojure concept exercise, the following files must be created:

languages
└── clojure
    └── exercises
        └── concept
            └── <SLUG>
                ├── .docs
                |   ├── instructions.md
                |   ├── introduction.md
                |   ├── hints.md
                |   └── after.md (optional)
                ├── .meta
                |   |── design.md
                |   └── Example.clj
                ├── <NAME>.clj
                └── <NAME>_test.clj

Help

If you have any questions while implementing the exercise, please post the questions as comments in this issue.

iHiD / v3