Maven Tutorial for Beginners - with Examples In28Minutes

Installing Eclipse and Java

https://github.com/in28minutes/SpringIn28Minutes/blob/master/InstallationGuide-JavaEclipseAndMaven_v2.pdf

Course Overview

• We will use Handson Real World Examples to understand what Maven can do.
• We will understand how Maven makes the life of an application developer easy.
• We will learn how Maven helps us to automate things like compilation, running unit tests, creating a war, creating an ear, running a web application in tomcat.
• We will learn how to use Maven effectively in combination of an IDE like Eclipse.
• We will use
  • Maven for dependency management, building and running the application in tomcat.
  • Eclipse IDE.

Step List

Lets now look at the steps in this tutorial.

• Step 1 to 4 we will learn about the basics of Maven : Project Object Model and Build LifeCycle
• Steps 5 and 6 we will learn about dependency management and transitive dependencies
• Step 7 we will learn about a maven project with multiple layers. Typical projects have a web layer, data layer, external interface layer. We will learn how to create such projects using maven. Multi Module Maven Project.
• Step 8 : We will learn how to create a war, deploy to tomcat.

Running Examples

• If you are downloading the zip file, unzip the file
• Open Command Prompt and Change directory to folder containing pom.xml
• Run command "mvn tomcat7:run"
• For help : user our installation guide - https://github.com/in28minutes/SpringIn28Minutes/blob/master/InstallationGuide-JavaEclipseAndMaven_v2.pdf

Youtube Video

https://courses.in28minutes.com/p/maven-tutorial-for-beginners-in-5-steps

0. What is Maven?

Defining what Maven does is very difficult.

Every Day Developer

    Manages Dependencies - Web Layer (Spring MVC), Data Layer (JPA - Hibernate) etc..                  
    Build a jar or a war or an ear
    Run the application locally - Tomcat or Jetty
    Deploy to a T environment
    Add new dependencies to a project
    Run Unit Tests

Maven helps us do all these and more...

    Generate Projects
    Create Eclipse Workspace

1. Beginner Maven Project

What is the power of Maven?

First Project : My aim is to create a Spring.jar. Think as if you are developing Spring. Some other developers want to use the framework you are developing. Steps in creating a JAr

• App.Java -> App.class
• AppTest.Java -> AppTest.class
• Run Unit Tests
• Package in a particular format
• Earlier this was done using long tedious ant scripts

Convention over Configuration

• Pre defined folder structure
• pom.xml
• mvn --version
• mvn compile (compiles source files)
• mvn test-compile (compiles test files) - one thing to observe is this also compiles source files
• mvn clean - deletes target directory
• mvn test - run unit tests

You are ready for theory on Build Life Cycle

Pre-defined sequence of steps that are done when we run a maven command. Plugins can be attached to lifecycle stages. Default plugins are already defined in the super pom.

mvn install

• package - creates the jar
• install - copies the created jar to local maven repository - a temp folder on my machine where maven stores the files.

Build LifeCycle

    Validate
    Compile
    Test
    Package
    Integration Test
    Verify
    Install
    Deploy

Lets understand pom.xml

Project Object Model (POM)

    Name (if another project want to refer to our project, how do they do it?)
    Version (Major Version, Minor Version, Incremental Version)
    Packaging 
    Dependencies
    Plugins

Maven repository stores all the versions of all dependencies. JUnit 4.2,4.3,4.4

Local Repository - all the dependencies that are downloaded for 1st time are stored.

2. Intermediate Maven Project

• Transtive Dependencies (add Hibernate dependency)
• Exclusions - Add an exclude
• Dependency Hierarchy - See how each dependency is coming in
• Versions [4.1,] [,4.1] [,4.1)
• Scope - Dependencies are needed only for tests. They are not part of the war or jar. we can use scope for that.
• Maven Compiler Plugin - Change source from 1.5 to 1.8.
• Effective Pom - Super Pom (Similar to Java Inheritance) - Check the build part of super pom (Convention over configuration - defaults are defined). We can change it - for example source directory. Recommended not to override defaults. Easy to move from one project to another project. Definitions of various plugins. mvn help:effective-pom

Dependency Management

    Scope
    Transitive Dependencies
    Excluding Dependency
    Dependency Versions

Sample Project Object Model

    Maven Plugins
    Convention over configuration
        Source Code
            ${basedir}/src/main/java
            ${basedir}/src/main/resources
        Test Code
            ${basedir}/src/test

Hierarchy of POMS

    Super POM

3. Multi Module Maven Project

• Most projects have multiple layers. Each layer has its own dependencies. Also multiple layers may share same dependency. We will see the best practices in managing dependencies in a multi module maven project.
• Parent pom has type pom
• • Defines Modules
• Dependency Management Section
• Properties
• Pre-defined Variables ${project.version}
• Run from command prompt - mvn clean install

4. Maven Web Application

Packaging

    War
    Ear

Running application in Tomcat

5. Tip and Tricks

Important Commands

    help:effective-settings
    help:effective-pom
    dependency:tree
    dependency:sources
    --debug

Maven Archetypes

    archetype:generate

6. Missing (To Discuss)

• Plugins : Show in super pom.xml
• Eclipse Integration
• Profiles

Expectations

• You should know Java.

Running Examples

• Download the zip or clone the Git repository.
• Unzip the zip file (if you downloaded one)
• Open Command Prompt and Change directory (cd) to folder containing pom.xml
• Open Eclipse
  • File -> Import -> Existing Maven Project -> Navigate to the folder where you unzipped the zip
  • Select the right project
• Choose the Spring Boot Application file (search for @SpringBootApplication)
• Right Click on the file and Run as Java Application
• You are all Set

Troubleshooting

• Refer our TroubleShooting Guide - https://github.com/in28minutes/in28minutes-initiatives/tree/master/The-in28Minutes-TroubleshootingGuide-And-FAQ

Youtube Playlists - 500+ Videos

Click here - 30+ Playlists with 500+ Videos on Spring, Spring Boot, REST, Microservices and the Cloud

Keep Learning in28Minutes

in28Minutes is creating amazing solutions for you to learn Spring Boot, Full Stack and the Cloud - Docker, Kubernetes, AWS, React, Angular etc. - Check out all our courses here