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jamsch / expo-speech-recognition

Speech Recognition for React Native Expo projects
MIT License
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🎙️ expo-speech-recognition

NPM Version

expo-speech-recognition implements the iOS SFSpeechRecognizer, Android SpeechRecognizer and Web SpeechRecognition for React Native projects with the goal of code reuse across web and mobile.

expo-speech-recognition preview

Table of Contents

Installation

  1. Install the package
npm install expo-speech-recognition

# Or for older SDKs:
npm install expo-speech-recognition@sdk-51
npm install expo-speech-recognition@sdk-50
  1. Configure the config plugin.

The config plugin updates the Android App Manifest to include package visibility filtering for com.google.android.googlequicksearchbox (Google's Speech Recognition) along with the required permissions for Android and iOS.

To configure androidSpeechServicePackages, add additional speech service packages here that aren't listed under the forceQueryable section when running the command: adb shell dumpsys package queries.

// app.json
{
  "expo": {
    "plugins": [
      "plugin-one",
      "plugin-two",

      // no config (v0.2.22+)
      "expo-speech-recognition",

      // or with config
      [
        "expo-speech-recognition",
        {
          "microphonePermission": "Allow $(PRODUCT_NAME) to use the microphone.",
          "speechRecognitionPermission": "Allow $(PRODUCT_NAME) to use speech recognition.",
          "androidSpeechServicePackages": ["com.google.android.googlequicksearchbox"]
        }
      ]
      // rest of your plugins
    ]
  }
}
Important Note for Expo Beginners (click to expand) ### Important Note for Expo Beginners If you've just created a new Expo project or have only been using the Expo SDK so far (without `ios/` and `android/` directories), you'll need to create a development build. Don't worry—this won't drastically change your workflow. For a better understanding of the differences between the React Native and Expo folder structures, check out this [video at the relevant timestamp](https://youtu.be/7J8LRpja9_o?t=611). After completing **Step 2: Configure the config plugin**, follow these steps: - To (re)-generate the native Android project, run: ```bash npx expo run:android ``` - To (re)-generate the native iOS project, run: ```bash npx expo run:ios ``` For more details, see [Expo's prebuild documentation](https://docs.expo.dev/workflow/prebuild/#usage-with-expo-cli-run-commands). ### Best Practices for Version Control It's recommended by the [Expo team](https://youtu.be/7J8LRpja9_o?t=611) to add the `ios/` and `android/` directories to your `.gitignore` file and rely on **Continuous Native Generation**. This approach has its own benefits, as outlined in the [Expo documentation](https://docs.expo.dev/workflow/continuous-native-generation/). Now, you're ready to move on to the [Usage](#usage) section.

Usage

Using Hooks

Using hooks is the easiest way to get started. The useSpeechRecognitionEvent hook allows you to register native event listeners.

import {
  ExpoSpeechRecognitionModule,
  useSpeechRecognitionEvent,
} from "expo-speech-recognition";

function App() {
  const [recognizing, setRecognizing] = useState(false);
  const [transcript, setTranscript] = useState("");

  useSpeechRecognitionEvent("start", () => setRecognizing(true));
  useSpeechRecognitionEvent("end", () => setRecognizing(false));
  useSpeechRecognitionEvent("result", (event) => {
    setTranscript(event.results[0]?.transcript);
  });
  useSpeechRecognitionEvent("error", (event) => {
    console.log("error code:", event.error, "error message:", event.message);
  });

  const handleStart = async () => {
    const result = await ExpoSpeechRecognitionModule.requestPermissionsAsync();
    if (!result.granted) {
      console.warn("Permissions not granted", result);
      return;
    }
    // Start speech recognition
    ExpoSpeechRecognitionModule.start({
      lang: "en-US",
      interimResults: true,
      maxAlternatives: 1,
      continuous: false,
      requiresOnDeviceRecognition: false,
      addsPunctuation: false,
      contextualStrings: ["Carlsen", "Nepomniachtchi", "Praggnanandhaa"],
    });
  };

  return (
    <View>
      {!recognizing ? (
        <Button title="Start" onPress={handleStart} />
      ) : (
        <Button
          title="Stop"
          onPress={() => ExpoSpeechRecognitionModule.stop()}
        />
      )}

      <ScrollView>
        <Text>{transcript}</Text>
      </ScrollView>
    </View>
  );
}

Permissions

You should request permissions prior to starting recognition. This library exports two functions: getPermissionsAsync and requestPermissionsAsync for this purpose. If you do not request permissions or the user has denied permissions after starting, expect an error event with the error code set to not-allowed.

import { ExpoSpeechRecognitionModule } from "expo-speech-recognition";

ExpoSpeechRecognitionModule.getPermissionsAsync().then((result) => {
  console.log("Status:", result.status);
  console.log("Granted:", result.granted);
  console.log("Can ask again:", result.canAskAgain);
  console.log("Expires:", result.expires);
});

ExpoSpeechRecognitionModule.requestPermissionsAsync().then((result) => {
  if (!result.granted) {
    console.warn("Permissions not granted", result);
    return;
  }
  // Permissions granted! Start speech recognition, or at some other time...
  ExpoSpeechRecognitionModule.start({ lang: "en-US" });
});

Direct module API

You can also use the ExpoSpeechRecognitionModule to use the native APIs directly. The listener events are similar to the Web Speech API.

import { ExpoSpeechRecognitionModule } from "expo-speech-recognition";

// Register event listeners
const startListener = ExpoSpeechRecognitionModule.addListener("start", () => {
  console.log("Speech recognition started");
});

// and remove the listener when you're done:
startListener.remove();

const endListener = ExpoSpeechRecognitionModule.addListener("end", () => {
  console.log("Speech recognition ended");
});

const resultListener = ExpoSpeechRecognitionModule.addListener(
  "result",
  (event) => {
    // Note: this is not the same as the `result` event listener on the web speech API
    // event.results is an array of results (e.g. `[{ transcript: "hello", confidence: 0.5, segments: [] }]`)
    console.log("results:", event.results, "final:", event.isFinal);
  },
);

const errorListener = ExpoSpeechRecognitionModule.addListener(
  "error",
  (event) => {
    console.log("error code:", event.error, "error message:", event.message);
  },
);

// Start speech recognition
ExpoSpeechRecognitionModule.start({
  lang: "en-US",
  // Whether to return results as they become available without waiting for the final result.
  interimResults: true,
  // The maximum number of alternative transcriptions to return.
  maxAlternatives: 1,
  // [Default: false] Continuous recognition.
  // If false:
  //    - on iOS 17-, recognition will run until no speech is detected for 3 seconds.
  //    - on iOS 18+ and Android, recognition will run until a final result is received.
  // Not supported on Android 12 and below.
  continuous: true,
  // [Default: false] Prevent device from sending audio over the network. Only enabled if the device supports it.
  requiresOnDeviceRecognition: false,
  // [Default: false] Include punctuation in the recognition results. This applies to full stops and commas.
  // Not supported on Android 12 and below. On Android 13+, only supported when on-device recognition is enabled.
  addsPunctuation: false,
  // [Default: undefined] Short custom phrases that are unique to your app.
  contextualStrings: ["Carlsen", "Nepomniachtchi", "Praggnanandhaa"],
  // [Default: undefined] Android-specific options to pass to the recognizer.
  androidIntentOptions: {
    EXTRA_SPEECH_INPUT_COMPLETE_SILENCE_LENGTH_MILLIS: 10000,
    EXTRA_MASK_OFFENSIVE_WORDS: false,
  },
  // [Default: undefined] The package name of the speech recognition service to use.
  androidRecognitionServicePackage: "com.google.android.tts",
  // [Default: unspecified] The type of speech recognition being performed.
  iosTaskHint: "unspecified", // "unspecified" | "dictation" | "search" | "confirmation"
  // [Default: undefined] The audio session category and options to use.
  iosCategory: {
    category: "playAndRecord",
    categoryOptions: ["defaultToSpeaker", "allowBluetooth"],
    mode: "measurement",
  },
  // [Default: undefined] Recording options for Android & iOS
  // Android 13+ and iOS only.
  recordingOptions: {
    // [Default: false] Whether to persist the audio to a local file path.
    persist: false,
    // [Default: FileSystem.CacheDirectory]
    // Changes the default storage location for the audio file.
    // e.g. `FileSystem.documentDirectory` (from `expo-file-system`)
    outputDirectory: undefined,
    // [Default: `"recording_${timestamp|uuid}.[wav|caf]"`]
    // Changes the file name for the audio file.
    // (you can retrieve the file path using `event.uri` on the `audiostart`/`audioend` events)
    outputFileName: "recording.wav",
    // [Default: undefined] The sample rate of the output audio file.
    // Only supported on iOS
    // Default sample rate is: 16000 on Android, 44100/48000 on iOS
    outputSampleRate: undefined,
    // [Default: undefined] The encoding of the output audio file.
    // Only supported on iOS
    outputEncoding: undefined,
  },
  // [Default: undefined] Use for file-based transcription.
  audioSource: {
    /** Local file URI, e.g. "file:///path/to/audio.wav" */
    uri: undefined,
    // [Android only] The number of channels in the source audio.
    audioChannels: 1,
    // [Android only] A value from AudioFormat - https://developer.android.com/reference/android/media/AudioFormat
    audioEncoding: AudioEncodingAndroid.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT,
    // [Android only] Audio sampling rate in Hz.
    sampleRate: 16000,
    // [Android only] The delay between chunks of audio to stream to the speech recognition service.
    // Use this setting to avoid being rate-limited when using network-based recognition.
    // Default: 50ms for network-based recognition, 15ms for on-device recognition
    chunkDelayMillis: undefined,
  },
  // Settings for volume change events.
  volumeChangeEventOptions: {
    // [Default: false] Whether to emit the `volumechange` events when the input volume changes.
    enabled: false,
    // [Default: 100ms on iOS] The interval (in milliseconds) to emit `volumechange` events.
    intervalMillis: 300,
  },
});

// Stop capturing audio (and emit a final result if there is one)
ExpoSpeechRecognitionModule.stop();

// Immediately cancel speech recognition (does not process the final result)
ExpoSpeechRecognitionModule.abort();

Speech Recognition Events

Events are largely based on the Web Speech API. The following events are supported:

Event Name Description Notes
audiostart Audio capturing has started Includes the uri if recordingOptions.persist is enabled.
audioend Audio capturing has ended Includes the uri if recordingOptions.persist is enabled.
end Speech recognition service has disconnected. This should always be the last event dispatched, including after errors.
error Fired when a speech recognition error occurs. You'll also receive an error event (with code "aborted") when calling .abort()
nomatch Speech recognition service returns a final result with no significant recognition. You may have non-final results recognized. This may get emitted after cancellation.
result Speech recognition service returns a word or phrase has been positively recognized. On Android, continous mode runs as a segmented session, meaning when a final result is reached, additional partial and final results will cover a new segment separate from the previous final result. On iOS, you should expect one final result before speech recognition has stopped.
speechstart Fired when any sound — recognizable speech or not — has been detected On iOS, this will fire once in the session after a result has occurred
speechend Fired when speech recognized by the speech recognition service has stopped being detected. Not supported yet on iOS
start Speech recognition has started Use this event to indicate to the user when to speak.
volumechange Fired when the input volume changes. Returns a value between -2 and 10 indicating the volume of the input audio. Consider anything below 0 to be inaudible.
languagedetection Called when the language detection (and switching) results are available. Android 14+ only with com.google.android.as. Enabled with EXTRA_ENABLE_LANGUAGE_DETECTION in the androidIntent option when starting. Also can be called multiple times by enabling EXTRA_ENABLE_LANGUAGE_SWITCH.

Handling Errors

To handle errors, you can listen to the error event:

import {
  type ExpoSpeechRecognitionErrorCode,
  ExpoSpeechRecognitionModule,
  useSpeechRecognitionEvent,
} from "expo-speech-recognition";

ExpoSpeechRecognitionModule.addListener("error", (event) => {
  console.log("error code:", event.error, "error message:", event.message);
});

// or through the `useSpeechRecognitionEvent` hook
useSpeechRecognitionEvent("error", (event) => {
  console.log("error code:", event.error, "error message:", event.message);
});

// or through the `ExpoSpeechRecognitionErrorCode` type
const error: ExpoSpeechRecognitionErrorCode = "audio-capture";

The error code is based on the Web Speech API error codes.

Error Code Description
aborted The user called ExpoSpeechRecognitionModule.abort()
audio-capture Audio recording error.
bad-grammar Provided grammar is invalid. (Web only)
language-not-supported Locale is not supported by the speech recognizer.
network Network communication required for completing the recognition failed.
no-speech No final speech was detected.
not-allowed Permission to use speech recognition or microphone was not granted.
service-not-allowed Recognizer is unavailable.
busy The recognizer is busy and cannot accept any new recognition requests.
client An unknown client-side error. Corresponds with SpeechRecognizer.ERROR_CLIENT.
speech-timeout (Android) No speech input.
unknown (Android) Unknown error

Persisting Audio Recordings

If you would like to persist the recognized audio for later use, you can enable the recordingOptions.persist option when calling start(). Enabling this setting will emit an { uri: string } event object in the audiostart and audioend events with the local file path.

[!IMPORTANT] This feature is available on Android 13+ and iOS. Call supportsRecording() to see if it's available before using this feature.

Default audio output formats:

Platform Output Format Notes
Android Linear PCM (16000 Hz, mono) Suitable for processing on various external services (such as Google Speech API, Whisper, Deepgram, etc)
iOS 32-bit Float PCM (44100/48000* Hz, mono) Default sample rate is device specific. Change this with recordingOptions.outputSampleRate and recordingOptions.outputEncoding.

Example:

import { Button, View } from "react-native";
import {
  ExpoSpeechRecognitionModule,
  useSpeechRecognitionEvent,
} from "expo-speech-recognition";

function RecordAudio() {
  const [recording, setRecording] = useState(false);
  const [recordingUri, setRecordingUri] = useState<string | null>(null);

  const handleStart = () => {
    setRecording(true);
    // Start recording
    ExpoSpeechRecognitionModule.start({
      lang: "en-US",
      recordingOptions: {
        persist: true,
        // Optional: Specify the output file path to save the recording to
        // e.g. `FileSystem.documentDirectory` (from `expo-file-system`)
        outputDirectory:
          "/data/user/0/expo.modules.speechrecognition.example/files",
        // Optional: Specify the output file name to save the recording to
        outputFileName: "recording.wav",
        // Optional: Specify the output sample rate to save the recording to
        // Only supported on iOS
        // Default sample rate: 16000 on Android, 44100/48000 on iOS
        outputSampleRate: 16000,
        // Optional: Specify the output encoding to save the recording to
        // Only supported on iOS
        // Default encoding: pcmFormatInt16 on Android, pcmFormatFloat32 on iOS
        outputEncoding: "pcmFormatInt16",
      },
    });
  };

  useSpeechRecognitionEvent("audiostart", (event) => {
    // Note: don't use this file until the "audioend" event is emitted
    // Note: event.uri will be null if `recordingOptions.persist` is not enabled
    console.log("Recording started for file:", event.uri);
  });

  useSpeechRecognitionEvent("audioend", (event) => {
    // Recording ended, the file is now safe to use
    console.log("Local file path:", event.uri);
    // Android: Will be saved as a .wav file
    // e.g. "file:///data/user/0/expo.modules.speechrecognition.example/cache/recording_1720678500903.wav"
    // iOS: Will be saved as a .caf file
    // e.g. "file:///path/to/Library/Caches/audio_CD5E6C6C-3D9D-4754-9188-D6FAF97D9DF2.caf"
    setRecordingPath(event.uri);
  });

  return (
    <View>
      <Button title="Start" onPress={handleStart} disabled={recording} />
      {recordingUri && <AudioPlayer source={recordingUri} />}
    </View>
  );
}

// AudioPlayer.tsx
import { Button } from "react-native";
import { useAudioPlayer } from "expo-audio";

function AudioPlayer(props: { source: string }) {
  const player = useAudioPlayer(props.source);
  return <Button title="Play" onPress={player.play} />;
}

Transcribing audio files

[!IMPORTANT] This feature is available on Android 13+ and iOS. If the device does not support the feature, you'll receive an error event with the code audio-capture.

Instead of using the microphone, you can configure the audioSource.uri option to transcribe audio files. For long-form audio files, you will likely want to use on-device recognition instead of network-based recognition which you can opt-in via requiresOnDeviceRecognition. For Android, you should first check if the user has the speech model installed with getSupportedLocales().

Supported input audio formats

Android

The following audio formats have been verified on a Samsung Galaxy S23 Ultra on Android 14:

iOS

The following audio formats have been verified on an iPhone 15 Pro Max on iOS 17.5:

File transcription example

import { Button, View } from "react-native";
import {
  ExpoSpeechRecognitionModule,
  useSpeechRecognitionEvent,
  AudioEncodingAndroid,
} from "expo-speech-recognition";

function TranscribeAudioFile() {
  const [transcription, setTranscription] = useState("");

  const handleTranscribe = () => {
    ExpoSpeechRecognitionModule.start({
      lang: "en-US",
      interimResults: true,
      // Recommended: true on iOS, false on Android, unless the speech model is installed, which you can check with `getSupportedLocales()`
      requiresOnDeviceRecognition: Platform.OS === "ios",
      audioSource: {
        /** Local file URI */
        uri: "file:///path/to/audio.wav",
        /** [Android only] The number of channels in the source audio. */
        audioChannels: 1,
        /** [Android only] A value from AudioFormat - https://developer.android.com/reference/android/media/AudioFormat */
        audioEncoding: AudioEncodingAndroid.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT,
        /** [Android only] Audio sampling rate in Hz. */
        sampleRate: 16000,
        /**
         * The delay between chunks of audio to stream to the speech recognition service.
         * Use this setting to avoid being rate-limited when using network-based recognition.
         * If you're using on-device recognition, you may want to increase this value to avoid unprocessed audio chunks.
         * Default: 50ms for network-based recognition, 15ms for on-device recognition
         */
        chunkDelayMillis: undefined,
      },
    });
  };

  useSpeechRecognitionEvent("result", (ev) => {
    // Note: multiple final results will likely be returned
    // so you'll need to concatenate previous final results
    setTranscription(ev.results[0]?.transcript || "");
  });

  return (
    <View>
      <Button title="Transcribe" onPress={handleTranscribe} />
      <Text>{transcription}</Text>
    </View>
  );
}

Volume metering

You can use the volumeChangeEventOptions.enabled option to enable volume metering. This will emit a volumechange event with the current volume level (between -2 and 10) as a value. You can use this value to animate the volume metering of a user's voice, or to provide feedback to the user about the volume level.

Volume metering example

Volume metering example

See: VolumeMeteringAvatar.tsx for a complete example that involves using react-native-reanimated to animate the volume metering.

import { Button } from "react-native";
import {
  ExpoSpeechRecognitionModule,
  useSpeechRecognitionEvent,
} from "expo-speech-recognition";

function VolumeMeteringExample() {
  useSpeechRecognitionEvent("volumechange", (event) => {
    // a value between -2 and 10. <= 0 is inaudible
    console.log("Volume changed to:", event.value);
  });

  const handleStart = () => {
    ExpoSpeechRecognitionModule.start({
      lang: "en-US",
      volumeChangeEventOptions: {
        enabled: true,
        // how often you want to receive the volumechange event
        intervalMillis: 300,
      },
    });
  };

  return <Button title="Start" onPress={handleStart} />;
}

Polyfilling the Web SpeechRecognition API

[!IMPORTANT] This is intended for projects that rely on third party libraries that use the Web Speech API. If you're using this library directly, you should use the Direct Module API instead.

If you intend to polyfill the webkitSpeechRecognition or SpeechRecognition globals for use with external libraries, you can use the ExpoWebSpeechRecognition class to do so.

Refer to the SpeechRecognition MDN docs for usage. Note that some features (such as grammars) on some OSes aren't yet supported.

// Import this polyfill for typings, as needed
// "npm install -D @types/dom-speech-recognition"
import "dom-speech-recognition";

import { ExpoWebSpeechRecognition } from "expo-speech-recognition";

// Polyfill the globals for use in external libraries
webkitSpeechRecognition = ExpoWebSpeechRecognition;
SpeechRecognition = ExpoWebSpeechRecognition;

// Usage is the same as the Web Speech API..
const recognition = new ExpoWebSpeechRecognition();

recognition.lang = "en-US";
// [Default: false] Note for iOS: final results are only available after speech recognition has stopped
recognition.interimResults = true;
recognition.maxAlternatives = 1;
// [Default: false] Continuous recognition. Note: if false on iOS, recognition will run until no speech is detected for 3 seconds
recognition.continuous = true;

// Custom (non-web) properties

recognition.contextualStrings = ["Carlsen", "Nepomniachtchi", "Praggnanandhaa"];
recognition.requiresOnDeviceRecognition = true;
recognition.addsPunctuation = true;
recognition.androidIntentOptions = {
  EXTRA_LANGUAGE_MODEL: "web_search",
};
recognition.androidRecognitionServicePackage = "com.google.android.tts";

// Assign an event listener (note: this overwrites all event listeners)
recognition.onstart = (event) => console.log("started!");
recognition.onend = (event) => console.log("ended!");
recognition.onresult = (event) => {
  console.log(
    "result:",
    event.results[event.resultIndex][0].transcript,
    "final:",
    event.results[event.resultIndex][0].isFinal,
  );
};

// Or register an event listener
const handleStart = (event: Event) => console.log("started!");
recognition.registerEventListener("start", handleStart);
// and remember to unregister after you're done:
recognition.unregisterEventListener("start", handleStart);

const handleResult = (event: SpeechRecognitionEvent) => {
  console.log("result:", event.results[event.resultIndex][0].transcript);
};

recognition.registerEventListener("result", handleResult);

recognition.registerEventListener("error", (event) => {
  console.log("error code:", event.error, "error message:", event.message);
});

recognition.registerEventListener("end", (event) => console.log("ended!"));

// Start speech recognition
recognition.start();

// Stop speech recognition
recognition.stop();

// Immediately cancel speech recognition
recognition.abort();

Muting the beep sound on Android

[!NOTE] This only applies to Android 13 and above.

On Android, you may notice that there's a beep sound when you start and stop speech recognition. This is due to a hardcoded behavior in the underlying SpeechRecognizer API. However, a workaround you can use is by enabling continuous recognition:

import { ExpoSpeechRecognitionModule } from "expo-speech-recognition";

ExpoSpeechRecognitionModule.start({
  lang: "en-US",
  continuous: true,
});

// Or enable recording persistence
ExpoSpeechRecognitionModule.start({
  lang: "en-US",
  recordingOptions: {
    persist: true,
  },
});

Under the hood, both of these set the EXTRA_AUDIO_SOURCE in the recognizer intent to a custom microphone source instead of using the default microphone setting.

If you intend to use the first option and still want to maintain the same behavior as non-continuous mode, you should listen for a result event with isFinal: true and then immediately call abort() to stop the recognition.

Improving accuracy of single-word prompts

You may notice that after saying short syllables, words, letters, or numbers (e.g. "a", "b", 1, 5, etc.) that the speech recognition service may not return any results until you speak further. In order to improve the accuracy of single-word prompts for Android and iOS, you have the following options:

Language Detection

[!NOTE] This feature is currently only available on Android 14+ using the com.google.android.as service package.

You can use the languagedetection event to get the detected language and confidence level. This feature has a few requirements:

Example:

import { useSpeechRecognitionEvent } from "expo-speech-recognition";

useSpeechRecognitionEvent("languagedetection", (event) => {
  console.log("Language detected:", event.detectedLanguage); // e.g. "en-us"
  console.log("Confidence:", event.confidence); // A value between 0.0 and 1.0
  console.log("Top locale alternatives:", event.topLocaleAlternatives); // e.g. ["en-au", "en-gb"]
});

// Start recognition
ExpoSpeechRecognitionModule.start({
  androidIntentOptions: {
    EXTRA_ENABLE_LANGUAGE_DETECTION: true,
    EXTRA_ENABLE_LANGUAGE_SWITCH: true,
  },
  androidRecognitionServicePackage: "com.google.android.as", // or set "requiresOnDeviceRecognition" to true
});

Platform Compatibility Table

As of 7 Aug 2024, the following platforms are supported:

Platform Supported Default Recognition Engine Notes
Android (React Native) ✅ Google Continuous mode and Recording features are only supported on Android 13 and above. Recognition engine can be changed via androidRecognitionServicePackage
iOS (React Native) ✅ Siri
Chrome Desktop ✅ Google (server-based) Implemented via prefix webkitSpeechRecognition.
Safari Desktop >= v16 ✅ Siri Implemented via prefix webkitSpeechRecognition. Siri needs to be enabled
Chrome on Android ✅ Google There's a few differences in how results get handled in comparison to the Chrome Desktop implementation
Chrome on iOS ❌ Google Not working (Last tested 2023)
Edge on Windows (unknown) Azure SpeechRecognition API is implemented, but requires the Azure speech component. Verify it’s presence at edge://components
Edge on Mac ARM ❌ Azure SpeechRecognition API is implemented, but requires the Azure speech component. Verify it’s presence at edge://components
Brave Desktop ❌ - As of Aug 2024, Brave is working on an implementation however there's currently no ETA (source: brave-browser/issues/3725)
Firefox Desktop ❌ - No SpeechRecognition implementation

Common Troubleshooting Issues

Android issues

Single words/letters/characters not recognized

See Improving accuracy of single-word prompts.

Speech recognition unavailable, not supported, or hanging

On-device recognition not working

On an Android 12 emulator, I couldn't verify whether on-device recognition works (and there's no online resources that seem to verify that it works). You'll likely see that it starts and then stops with a "error" event and the code no-speech.

For Android 13 and above however, you can try the following:

iOS issues

Audio session issues / crashes

If you're running a multimedia application with audio or video playback, you'll need to keep in mind that this library does modify the current audio session category and mode which may cause issues. In order to work seamlessly in your application, you should make use of the following APIs:

API Methods

start(options: SpeechRecognitionOptions): void

Starts speech recognition.

import { ExpoSpeechRecognitionModule } from "expo-speech-recognition";

ExpoSpeechRecognitionModule.start({
  lang: "en-US",
});

stop(): void

Stops speech recognition and attempts to return a final result (through the result event).

import { ExpoSpeechRecognitionModule } from "expo-speech-recognition";

ExpoSpeechRecognitionModule.stop();
// Expect the following events to be emitted in order:
// One of:
//       - A "result" event containing the final result,
//       - A "nomatch" event if the final result was empty
//      -  A "error" event with the code "no-speech" if no speech was detected
// - "audioend" indicating the end of recording
// - "end" indicating the end of speech recognition

abort(): void

Immediately cancels speech recognition (does not process the final result).

import { ExpoSpeechRecognitionModule } from "expo-speech-recognition";

ExpoSpeechRecognitionModule.abort();
// Expect an "error" event to be emitted with the code "aborted"

requestPermissionsAsync()

Presents a dialog to the user to request the necessary permissions.

If you're using on-device recognition on iOS, you just need to request microphone permissions, which can be called with requestMicrophonePermissionsAsync().

Once a user has granted (or denied) permissions by responding to the original permission request dialog, the only way that the permissions can be changed is by the user themselves using the device settings app.

import { ExpoSpeechRecognitionModule } from "expo-speech-recognition";

ExpoSpeechRecognitionModule.requestPermissionsAsync().then((result) => {
  console.log("Status:", result.status); // "granted" | "denied" | "not-determined"
  console.log("Granted:", result.granted); // true | false
  console.log("Can ask again:", result.canAskAgain); // true | false
  console.log("Expires:", result.expires); // "never" | number
});

requestMicrophonePermissionsAsync()

Requests permissions to use the microphone.

import { ExpoSpeechRecognitionModule } from "expo-speech-recognition";

ExpoSpeechRecognitionModule.requestMicrophonePermissionsAsync().then(
  (result) => {
    console.log("Status:", result.status); // "granted" | "denied" | "not-determined"
    console.log("Granted:", result.granted); // true | false
    console.log("Can ask again:", result.canAskAgain); // true | false
    console.log("Expires:", result.expires); // "never" | number
  },
);

requestSpeechRecognizerPermissionsAsync()

[!NOTE] This is only supported on iOS. Request this permission only if you aren't using on-device recognition.

Requests SFSpeechRecognizer.requestAuthorization() permissions before sending voice data across the network to Apple's servers for transcription.

import { Platform } from "react-native";
import { ExpoSpeechRecognitionModule } from "expo-speech-recognition";

const requiresOnDeviceRecognition = false;

// We only need this permission when network-based recognition is used on iOS
if (!requiresOnDeviceRecognition && Platform.OS === "ios") {
  ExpoSpeechRecognitionModule.requestSpeechRecognizerPermissionsAsync().then(
    (result) => {
      console.log("Status:", result.status); // "granted" | "denied" | "not-determined"
      console.log("Granted:", result.granted); // true | false
      console.log("Can ask again:", result.canAskAgain); // true | false
      console.log("Expires:", result.expires); // "never" | number
    },
  );
}

getPermissionsAsync()

Returns the current permission status for both microphone and iOS speech recognizer.

import { ExpoSpeechRecognitionModule } from "expo-speech-recognition";

ExpoSpeechRecognitionModule.getPermissionsAsync().then((result) => {
  console.log("Status:", result.status); // "granted" | "denied" | "not-determined"
  console.log("Granted:", result.granted); // true | false
  console.log("Can ask again:", result.canAskAgain); // true | false
  console.log("Expires:", result.expires); // "never" | number
});

getMicrophonePermissionsAsync()

Returns the current permission status for the microphone. On Android, this checks the RECORD_AUDIO permissions. On iOS this checks the AVAudioSession.RecordPermission permissions.

import { ExpoSpeechRecognitionModule } from "expo-speech-recognition";

ExpoSpeechRecognitionModule.getMicrophonePermissionsAsync().then((result) => {
  console.log("Status:", result.status); // "granted" | "denied" | "not-determined"
  console.log("Granted:", result.granted); // true | false
  console.log("Can ask again:", result.canAskAgain); // true | false
  console.log("Expires:", result.expires); // "never" | number
});

getSpeechRecognizerPermissionsAsync()

[!NOTE] This is only supported on iOS.

Checks the current permissions to use network-based recognition for SFSpeechRecognizer for iOS.

import { ExpoSpeechRecognitionModule } from "expo-speech-recognition";

ExpoSpeechRecognitionModule.getSpeechRecognizerPermissionsAsync().then(
  (result) => {
    console.log("Status:", result.status); // "granted" | "denied" | "not-determined"
    console.log("Granted:", result.granted); // true | false
    console.log("Can ask again:", result.canAskAgain); // true | false
    console.log("Expires:", result.expires); // "never" | number
  },
);

getStateAsync(): Promise<SpeechRecognitionState>

Returns the current internal state of the speech recognizer.

import { ExpoSpeechRecognitionModule } from "expo-speech-recognition";

// Note: you probably should rather rely on the events emitted by the SpeechRecognition API instead
ExpoSpeechRecognitionModule.getStateAsync().then((state) => {
  console.log("Current state:", state);
  // "inactive" | "starting" | "stopping" | "recognizing"
});

getSupportedLocales()

[!NOTE] Not supported on Android 12 and below

Get the list of supported locales and the installed locales that can be used for on-device speech recognition.

import { getSupportedLocales } from "expo-speech-recognition";

getSupportedLocales({
  /**
   * The package name of the speech recognition service to use.
   * If not provided, the default service used for on-device recognition will be used.
   *
   * Warning: the service package (such as Bixby) may not be able to return any results.
   */
  androidRecognitionServicePackage: "com.google.android.as",
})
  .then((supportedLocales) => {
    console.log("Supported locales:", supportedLocales.locales.join(", "));

    // The on-device locales for the provided service package.
    // Likely will be empty if it's not "com.google.android.as"
    console.log(
      "On-device locales:",
      supportedLocales.installedLocales.join(", "),
    );
  })
  .catch((error) => {
    // If the service package is not found
    // or there was an error retrieving the supported locales
    console.error("Error getting supported locales:", error);
  });

getSpeechRecognitionServices(): string[] (Android only)

Get list of speech recognition services available on the device.

[!NOTE] This only includes services that are listed under androidSpeechServicePackages in your app.json as well as the core services listed under forceQueryable when running the command: adb shell dumpsys package queries

import { getSpeechRecognitionServices } from "expo-speech-recognition";

const packages = getSpeechRecognitionServices();
console.log("Speech recognition services:", packages.join(", "));
// e.g. ["com.google.android.as", "com.google.android.tts", "com.samsung.android.bixby.agent"]

getDefaultRecognitionService(): { packageName: string } (Android only)

Returns the default voice recognition service on the device.

import { getDefaultRecognitionService } from "expo-speech-recognition";

const service = getDefaultRecognitionService();
console.log("Default recognition service:", service.packageName);
// Usually this is "com.google.android.tts" on Android 13+ and "com.google.android.googlequicksearchbox" on Android <=12.
// For on-device recognition, "com.google.android.as" will likely be used.

getAssistantService(): { packageName: string } (Android only)

Returns the default voice assistant service on the device.

import { getAssistantService } from "expo-speech-recognition";

const service = getAssistantService();
console.log("Default assistant service:", service.packageName);
// Usually "com.google.android.googlequicksearchbox" for Google
// or "com.samsung.android.bixby.agent" for Samsung

isRecognitionAvailable(): boolean

Whether speech recognition is currently available on the device.

If this method returns false, calling start() will fail and emit an error event with the code service-not-allowed or language-not-supported. You should also ask the user to enable speech recognition in the system settings (i.e, for iOS to enable Siri & Dictation). On Android, you should ask the user to install and enable com.google.android.tts (Android 13+) or com.google.android.googlequicksearchbox (Android <= 12) as a default voice recognition service.

For Web, this method only checks if the browser has the Web SpeechRecognition API available, however keep in mind that browsers (like Brave) may still have the APIs but not have it implemented yet. Refer to Platform Compatibility Table for more information. You may want to use a user agent parser to fill in the gaps.

import { isRecognitionAvailable } from "expo-speech-recognition";

const available = isRecognitionAvailable();
console.log("Speech recognition available:", available);

supportsOnDeviceRecognition(): boolean

Whether the device supports on-device speech recognition.

import { supportsOnDeviceRecognition } from "expo-speech-recognition";

const available = supportsOnDeviceRecognition();
console.log("OnDevice recognition available:", available);

supportsRecording(): boolean

Whether audio recording is supported during speech recognition. This mostly applies to Android devices, to check if it's at least Android 13.

import { supportsRecording } from "expo-speech-recognition";

const available = supportsRecording();
console.log("Recording available:", available);

androidTriggerOfflineModelDownload()

Users on Android devices will first need to download the offline model for the locale they want to use in order to use on-device speech recognition (i.e. the requiresOnDeviceRecognition setting in the start options).

You can see which locales are supported and installed on your device by running getSupportedLocales().

To download the offline model for a specific locale, use the androidTriggerOfflineModelDownload function.

import { androidTriggerOfflineModelDownload } from "expo-speech-recognition";

// Download the offline model for the specified locale
androidTriggerOfflineModelDownload({
  locale: "en-US",
})
  .then((result) => {
    switch (result.status) {
      case "opened_dialog":
        // On Android 13, the status will be "opened_dialog" indicating that the model download dialog was opened.
        console.log("Offline model download dialog opened.");
        break;
      case "download_success":
        // On Android 14+, model was succesfully downloaded.
        console.log("Offline model downloaded successfully!");
        break;
      case "download_canceled":
        // On Android 14+, the download was canceled by a user interaction.
        console.log("Offline model download was canceled.");
        break;
  })
  .catch((err) => {
    console.log("Failed to download offline model!", err.message);
  });

The device will display a dialog to download the model. Once the model is downloaded, you can use the getSupportedLocales function to get the list of installed locales.

On Device Recognition

setCategoryIOS({...}): void (iOS only)

This function is an implementation of AVAudioSession.setCategory for iOS. For multimedia applications, you may want to set the audio session category and mode to control the audio routing.

[!NOTE] When starting speech recognition, the audio session category is changed to playAndRecord with option defaultToSpeaker and allowBluetooth and mode measurement. You can instead configure the audio session category and mode by passing the iosCategory option to the start(..) function.

import {
  setCategoryIOS,
  AVAudioSessionCategory,
  AVAudioSessionCategoryOptions,
  AVAudioSessionMode,
} from "expo-speech-recognition";

setCategoryIOS({
  category: AVAudioSessionCategory.playAndRecord, // or "playAndRecord"
  categoryOptions: [
    AVAudioSessionCategoryOptions.defaultToSpeaker,
    AVAudioSessionCategoryOptions.allowBluetooth,
  ],
  mode: AVAudioSessionMode.default,
});

getAudioSessionCategoryAndOptionsIOS() (iOS only)

Returns the current audio session category and options. For advanced use cases, you may want to use this function to safely configure the audio session category and mode.

import { getAudioSessionCategoryAndOptionsIOS } from "expo-speech-recognition";

const values = getAudioSessionCategoryAndOptionsIOS();
console.log(values);
// { category: "playAndRecord", categoryOptions: ["defaultToSpeaker", "allowBluetooth"], mode: "measurement" }

setAudioSessionActiveIOS(value: boolean, options?: { notifyOthersOnDeactivation: boolean }): void

Sets the audio session active state.

import { setAudioSessionActiveIOS } from "expo-speech-recognition";

setAudioSessionActiveIOS(true, {
  notifyOthersOnDeactivation: true,
});