About XenonMKV

XenonMKV is a video container conversion tool that takes MKV files and outputs them as MP4 files. It does not re-encode video, and only decodes and encodes audio as necessary.

You'll find this tool useful for converting videos for devices that support H.264 video and AAC audio, but do not understand the MKV container. Other uses include converting videos with AC3 or DTS audio to AAC audio (2 channel or 5.1 channels).

Originally, XenonMKV was meant for Xbox 360 consoles, but I'm finding now that this tool is much more useful for my BlackBerry PlayBook. You may also find it useful for Roku devices or to pre-convert videos to reduce the likelihood that Plex will need to re-encode them.

Disclosure

Note: During early development of this application, I worked for BlackBerry. The opinions expressed here are my own and don’t necessarily represent those of my previous or current employer(s). All code is developed on my own time without use of company resources.

System Requirements

XenonMKV was built and tested on a standard Ubuntu 12.04 LTS installation (x86_64), but most of the utilities and requirements here are possible to run on most popular *nix distributions. I've also given the suite of tools a cursory run on Ubuntu 13.10 and they seem to work. Once 14.04 is released in final form I plan to retest.

Windows 7 (64-bit) and Mac OS X 10.8 are also supported, but may work on different versions of OS X and Windows.

You will need at least Python 2.7 for the argparse library, and ideally Python 2.7.3 or later in the 2.x series.

Ubuntu 12.04

You will need some supporting packages. These will be installed automatically if they are not found on your system, or they can be installed beforehand.

On desktop installations, please ensure that 'Update Manager' is closed before installing dependendencies, or you will receive a nasty message in the form of:

E: Could not get lock /var/lib/dpkg/lock - open (11: Resource temporarily unavailable)
E: Unable to lock the administration directory (/var/lib/dpkg/), is another process using it?

Install All Dependencies (at once)

sudo apt-get install mediainfo mkvtoolnix mplayer faac gpac

At the current state of development, on Ubuntu you do not need to install any Python packages from requirements.txt as the dependent tools are installed with 'apt'. If this changes in the future, requirements can be installed by running:

sudo apt-get install python-setuptools && sudo easy_install -U pip
pip install -r requirements.txt

Individual Package Details

mediainfo
```
sudo apt-get install mediainfo
```
Alternatively, add the official mediainfo PPA and install the package, which the developer suggests might be a good idea:
```
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:shiki/mediainfo
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install mediainfo
```
mkvtoolnix
```
sudo apt-get install mkvtoolnix
```
mplayer
```
sudo apt-get install mplayer
```
faac
```
sudo apt-get install faac
```
MP4Box
```
sudo apt-get install gpac
```
To compile your own gpac version, follow these instructions. Then, run the following commands for success (the SpiderMonkey JS library isn't needed):
```
./configure --enable-debug --use-js=no
make
```
By default MP4Box will be installed in /usr/local/{bin,lib,man,share} as necessary. If your PATH variable includes /usr/local/bin first, your custom compiled version will be executed instead of the system version.

To put MP4Box into a specific path on compile, use the --prefix option with ./configure - thanks Romain:
```
./configure --enable-debug --use-js=no --prefix=/opt/gpac
```
Run sudo make install to finalize. Then to run, specify LD_LIBRARY_PATH if it is not already in your LD configuration. On Ubuntu /usr/local/lib is already there, so just run:
```
/usr/local/bin/MP4Box
```
For a custom prefix:
```
LD_LIBRARY_PATH="$LD_LIBRARY_PATH;/opt/gpac/lib" /opt/gpac/bin/MP4Box
```

Ubuntu 10.04

Not currently still tested against, but here are the historical changes required to make XenonMKV functional:

Install Python 2.7, either from source or add the appropriate PPA. If you need to upgrade your system from 10.04 to 12.04 later, make sure to purge this PPA first.
```
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:fkrull/deadsnakes
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install python2.7
```
Install mediainfo by adding the ppa:shiki/mediainfo PPA as the mediainfo package is not in the 10.04 repository.
Perform install dependencies step from the 12.04 instructions
Run the application directly referencing Python 2.7:
```
/usr/bin/python2.7 /path/to/xenonmkv.py [arguments]
```

Other Linux Distributions

Install the packages mentioned above, either from source or your distribution's package manager.

Windows

Eventually I will package the application as an .exe file for convenience with Windows installations. XenonMKV has only been tested on Windows 7, 64-bit.

As long as you have all the dependent tools installed, you should only need to have Python installed and add the Python directory to your PATH environment variable.

Basic Use

Install Python 2.7 (32-bit, 64-bit) depending on your architecture.
Add the Python27 directory to your PATH environment variable:
- Hit Win + Break to bring up Computer Properties
- Click Advanced System Settings
- Click Environment Variables
- With PATH selected, click Edit and add ;C:\Python27 (replace C:\Python27 with your installation directory)
- Click OK all the way out and restart any cmd instances
- Confirm the setting was applied by entering echo %PATH% | find "Python" (you should see your PATH variable)
Run XenonMKV from the command line: python xenonmkv.py [arguments]

Development on Windows

To get things up and running for a development environment on Windows, you can perform the following steps:

Install setuptools for your appropriate OS. Downloading and running http://peak.telecommunity.com/dist/ez_setup.py may be the best option.
Install MinGW for compiling Python packages, with the C and C++ compiler options
Add the Python27\Scripts and MinGW directories to your PATH environment variable:
- Hit Win + Break to bring up Computer Properties
- Click Advanced System Settings
- Click Environment Variables
- With PATH selected, click Edit and add ;C:\Python27;C:\Python27\Scripts;C:\MinGW (replace C:\Python27 with your installation directory)
- Click OK all the way out and restart any cmd instances
- Confirm the setting was applied by entering echo %PATH% | find "Python" | find "MinGW" (you should see your PATH variable)
Create or edit the distutils.cfg file under C:\Python27\Lib\distutils and enter the following contents:
```
[build]
compiler=mingw32
```
As per http://bugs.python.org/issue12641 and http://stackoverflow.com/questions/6034390/compiling-with-cython-and-mingw-produces-gcc-error-unrecognized-command-line-o, edit C:\Python27\Lib\distutils\cygwinccompiler.py and remove all -mno-cygwin references beginning on line 322. The definition should look like:

        self.set_executables(compiler='gcc -O -Wall',
                             compiler_so='gcc -mdll -O -Wall',
                             compiler_cxx='g++ -O -Wall',
                             linker_exe='gcc',
                             linker_so='%s %s %s'
                                        % (self.linker_dll, shared_option,
                                           entry_point))

Use easy_install to get pip added to your system, which will let you pull the necessary dependencies:
```
easy_install pip
```
Install all necessary dependencies:
```
pip install -r requirements.txt
```

OS X

XenonMKV has been tested on OS X 10.8. For best results, use the packages offered by the installer. You will need at least OS X 10.6 and a 64-bit capable machine for some of the dependent applications.

Suggested Applications and Optional Tools

vlc

VLC is highly useful for investigating video files in a GUI. You can see the number of audio and video tracks in an MKV, and confirm that your MP4 output works as expected.
```
sudo apt-get install vlc
```
mkvtoolnix-gui

The GUI version of mkvtoolnix is useful for constructing smaller MKV files for test cases, extracting specific content or modifying tracks.
```
sudo apt-get install mkvtoolnix-gui
```
Nero AAC Codec / Encoder

(Windows and Linux platforms only) Instead of using faac, future versions of XenonMKV can use an installation of the Nero AAC Encoder. This tool can provide better sound quality when the source audio file must be transcoded to two channels. It is distributed under a proprietary license and is restricted to personal, non-commercial use.

When implemented, provide the --neroaacenc-path parameter, or ensure that neroAacEnc/neroAacEnc.exe is in your PATH variable. It will be preferred over faac if available.

Usage

Basic usage with default settings:

xenonmkv.py /path/to/file.mkv

To ensure your Xbox 360 console will play the resulting file, at a possible expense of audio quality:

xenonmkv.py /path/to/file.mkv --profile xbox360

To see all command line arguments:

xenonmkv.py --help

For a quiet run (batch processing or in a cronjob):

xenonmkv.py /path/to/file.mkv -q

The -q option ensures you will never be prompted for input and would be useful for integration with software like SABnzbd+.

If you're reporting an issue, please run XenonMKV in debug/very verbose mode:

xenonmkv.py /path/to/file.mkv -vv

For the latest release of XenonMKV, I've included a really crummy script that handles batch encoding of MKV files on Linux, since I always screw up the parameters passed to find. Use:

batch.py source_directory <xenonmkv_parameters>

Suggestions/Caveats

If your MKV files aren't too large, distributions that mount /tmp as tmpfs (planned for Fedora 18, Ubuntu 12.10, Debian Wheezy) can show a significant speedup if you use --scratch-dir /tmp. Right now for future proofing, the scratch directory is set to /var/tmp.
Use -vv to find display debug information and output exactly what's going on during the processing stages.
Native multiple file support (eg: convert an entire directory of MKVs) is not inherently in this version, but you can do something like this in the meantime to queue up a list:
```
cd ~/mymkvdir
for i in `ls *.mkv`; do /path/to/xenonmkv.py $i --destination ~/mymp4dir; done
```
Performance on an Intel Core i5-2500K CPU at 3.3GHz, with a 1TB Western Digital Black SATA hard drive: A 442MB source MKV file with h.264 video and 6-channel AC3 audio is converted into a PlayBook-compatible MP4 (same video, 2-channel AAC audio, quality q=150) in 40.6 seconds. This does not have any enhancements such as a tmpfs mount. You could probably get much better performance with a solid state drive, and obviously processor speed will have an impact here.

Audio Downmixing/Re-Encoding

By default, XenonMKV tries not to resample, downmix or re-encode any part of the content provided. However, chances are your source files will contain AC3, DTS or MP3 audio that needs to be re-encoded. In this case, the original source audio will always be downmixed to a two channel AAC file before it is repackaged.

If the audio track in your MKV file is already AAC, the next thing to consider is your playback device. The Xbox 360 will not play audio in an MP4 container unless it is 2-channel stereo, which is a highly stupid limitation. Other devices, like the PlayBook, will happily parse up to 5.1 channel audio. By using either the --channels or --profile settings, you can tell XenonMKV how many channels of audio are acceptable from an AAC source before it will aggressively re-encode and downmix to 2-channel stereo.

In short, if you plan to play MP4s on your Xbox 360, definitely use the --profile xbox360 setting to make sure that no more than two channels make it into the output file. If your device is more reasonable, the default settings should be fine. More profiles will be added as users confirm their own device capabilities.

Known Issues

MP4Box crash with backtrace

Certain video files, when MP4Box loads them to rejoin into an MP4 container, will throw a glibc error beginning with:

*** glibc detected *** MP4Box: free(): invalid next size (fast): 0x0000000000cc8400 ***
======= Backtrace: =========
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(+0x7e626)[0x7f0b09a77626]
/usr/lib/nvidia-current/tls/libnvidia-tls.so.295.40(+0x1c01)[0x7f0b084c7c01]

This occurs with both nVidia proprietary and Nouveau open source drivers. The message above is displayed when using the "current" or "current-updates" versions (295.40, 295.49). When using the 173, 173-updates (173.14.35) or Nouveau open-source driver, the free() error is the same, but the backtrace is different:

*** glibc detected *** MP4Box: free(): invalid next size (fast): 0x00000000022d2420 ***
======= Backtrace: =========
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(+0x7e626)[0x7f5e9820a626]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgpac.so.1(minf_del+0x3f)[0x7f5e9867c69f]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgpac.so.1(mdia_del+0x25)[0x7f5e9867c395]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgpac.so.1(trak_del+0x33)[0x7f5e98680c03]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgpac.so.1(gf_isom_box_array_del+0x37)[0x7f5e98692c87]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgpac.so.1(moov_del+0x58)[0x7f5e9867c9c8]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgpac.so.1(gf_isom_box_array_del+0x37)[0x7f5e98692c87]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgpac.so.1(gf_isom_delete_movie+0x3a)[0x7f5e9869ad5a]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgpac.so.1(gf_isom_close+0x39)[0x7f5e9869c779]
MP4Box[0x40d30c]
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0xed)[0x7f5e981ad76d]
MP4Box[0x4085c1]

Sometimes this is an intermittent error, so MP4Box has a 3-retry mechanism that starts with the temporary files. At this time I'm not sure whether it's system memory or an issue with MP4Box/gpac. There were similar crashing issues in the original Windows version, which is why multiple versions of MP4Box were bundled and used for fallback.

If you do see this issue in your own testing, please report it and include a link to the file that causes the problem if possible. You may also be able to get the file to convert by using different command line options, such as --resume-previous --preserve-temp-files or including or excluding -vv.

Relevant system information:

$ uname -a
Linux ubuntu 3.2.0-29-generic #46-Ubuntu SMP Fri Jul 27 17:03:23
UTC 2012 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

My MP4Box version is the default from the 'gpac' Ubuntu 12.04 package, which is 0.4.5+svn3462~dfsg0-1:

$ MP4Box -version
MP4Box - GPAC version 0.4.6-DEV-rev
GPAC Copyright: (c) Jean Le Feuvre 2000-2005
(c) ENST 2005-200X
GPAC Configuration: --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --prefix=/usr --includedir=${prefix}/include --mandir=${prefix}/share/man --infodir=${prefix}/share/info --sysconfdir=/etc --localstatedir=/var --libdir=${prefix}/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu --libexecdir=${prefix}/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu --disable-maintainer-mode --disable-dependency-tracking --prefix=/usr --mandir=${prefix}/share/man --libdir=lib/x86_64-linux-gnu --extra-cflags='-Wall -fPIC -DPIC -I/usr/include/mozjs -DXP_UNIX' --enable-joystick --enable-debug --disable-ssl
Features: GPAC_HAS_JPEG GPAC_HAS_PNG

A fresh compile of the 0.5.0 version available at https://sourceforge.net/projects/gpac/ also appears to trigger this bug:

MP4Box - GPAC version 0.5.0-rev4065
GPAC Copyright: (c) Jean Le Feuvre 2000-2005
    (c) ENST 2005-200X
GPAC Configuration:  --enable-debug
Features: GPAC_DISABLE_3D

The version included with Ubuntu 10.04 (0.4.5-0.3ubuntu6) does not appear to have issues with the same files that fail on 0.4.6 and newer.

jbillo / xenonmkv

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