jlandure / alpine-chrome

Chrome Headless docker images built upon alpine official image
https://hub.docker.com/r/zenika/alpine-chrome
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alpine-chrome

Chrome running in headless mode in a tiny Alpine image


πŸ€” Why use a Headless Chrome

In the world of webdev, the ability to run quickly end-to-end tests are important. Popular technologies like Puppeteer enable developers to make fun things like testing, automating forms, crawling, generating screenshots, capturing timeline... And there is a secret: some of these features are directly available on Chrome! πŸ™Œ

πŸ’‘ Crafting the perfect container

3 ways to securely use Chrome Headless with this image

❌ With nothing

Launching the container using only docker container run -it zenika/alpine-chrome ... will fail with some logs similar to #33.

Please use the 3 others ways to use Chrome Headless.

βœ… With --no-sandbox

Launch the container using:

docker container run -it --rm zenika/alpine-chrome and use the --no-sandbox flag for all your commands.

Be careful to know the website you're calling.

Explanation for the no-sandbox flag in a quick introduction here and for More in depth design document here

βœ… With SYS_ADMIN capability

Launch the container using: docker container run -it --rm --cap-add=SYS_ADMIN zenika/alpine-chrome

This allows to run Chrome with sandboxing but needs unnecessary privileges from a Docker point of view.

βœ… The best: With seccomp

Thanks to ever-awesome Jessie Frazelle seccomp profile for Chrome. This is The most secure way to run this Headless Chrome docker image.

chrome.json

Also available here wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jfrazelle/dotfiles/master/etc/docker/seccomp/chrome.json

Launch the container using: docker container run -it --rm --security-opt seccomp=$(pwd)/chrome.json zenika/alpine-chrome

How to use in command line

Default entrypoint

The default entrypoint runs chromium-browser --headless with some common flags from CHROMIUM_FLAGS set in the Dockerfile.

You can change the CHROMIUM_FLAGS by overriding the environment variable using: docker container run -it --rm --env CHROMIUM_FLAGS="--other-flag ..." zenika/alpine-chrome chromium-browser ...

You can get full control by overriding the entrypoint using: docker container run -it --rm --entrypoint "" zenika/alpine-chrome chromium-browser ...

Use the devtools

Command (with no-sandbox): docker container run -d -p 9222:9222 zenika/alpine-chrome --no-sandbox --remote-debugging-address=0.0.0.0 --remote-debugging-port=9222 https://www.chromestatus.com/

Open your browser to: http://localhost:9222 and then click on the tab you want to inspect. Replace the beginning https://chrome-devtools-frontend.appspot.com/serve_file/@.../inspector.html?ws=localhost:9222/[END] by chrome-devtools://devtools/bundled/inspector.html?ws=localhost:9222/[END]

Print the DOM

Command (with no-sandbox): docker container run -it --rm zenika/alpine-chrome --no-sandbox --dump-dom https://www.chromestatus.com/

Print a PDF

Command (with no-sandbox): docker container run -it --rm -v $(pwd):/usr/src/app zenika/alpine-chrome --no-sandbox --print-to-pdf --hide-scrollbars https://www.chromestatus.com/

Take a screenshot

Command (with no-sandbox): docker container run -it --rm -v $(pwd):/usr/src/app zenika/alpine-chrome --no-sandbox --screenshot --hide-scrollbars https://www.chromestatus.com/

Size of a standard letterhead.

Command (with no-sandbox): docker container run -it --rm -v $(pwd):/usr/src/app zenika/alpine-chrome --no-sandbox --screenshot --hide-scrollbars --window-size=1280,1696 https://www.chromestatus.com/

Nexus 5x

Command (with no-sandbox): docker container run -it --rm -v $(pwd):/usr/src/app zenika/alpine-chrome --no-sandbox --screenshot --hide-scrollbars --window-size=412,732 https://www.chromestatus.com/

Screenshot owned by current user (by default the file is owned by the container user)

Command (with no-sandbox): docker container run -u `id -u $USER` -it --rm -v $(pwd):/usr/src/app zenika/alpine-chrome --no-sandbox --screenshot --hide-scrollbars --window-size=412,732 https://www.chromestatus.com/

How to use with Deno

Go the deno src folder. Build your image using this command:

docker image build -t zenika/alpine-chrome:with-deno-sample .

Then launch the container:

docker container run -it --rm zenika/alpine-chrome:with-deno-sample
 Download https://deno.land/std/examples/welcome.ts
 Warning Implicitly using master branch https://deno.land/std/examples/welcome.ts
 Compile https://deno.land/std/examples/welcome.ts
 Welcome to Deno πŸ¦•

With your own file, use this command:

docker container run -it --rm -v $(pwd):/usr/src/app zenika/alpine-chrome:with-deno-sample run helloworld.ts
Compile file:///usr/src/app/helloworld.ts
Download https://deno.land/std/fmt/colors.ts
Warning Implicitly using master branch https://deno.land/std/fmt/colors.ts
Hello world!

How to use with Puppeteer

With tool like "Puppeteer", we can add a lot things with our Chrome Headless.

With some code in NodeJS, we can improve and make some tests.

See the with-puppeteer folder for more details. We have to follow the mapping of Chromium => Puppeteer described here.

If you have a NodeJS/Puppeteer script in your src folder named pdf.js, you can launch it using the following command:

docker container run -it --rm -v $(pwd)/src:/usr/src/app/src --cap-add=SYS_ADMIN zenika/alpine-chrome:with-puppeteer node src/pdf.js

With the "font-wqy-zenhei" library, you could also manipulate asian pages like in with-puppeteer/test/screenshot-asia.js

docker container run -it --rm -v $(pwd)/with-puppeteer/test:/usr/src/app/test --cap-add=SYS_ADMIN zenika/alpine-chrome:with-puppeteer node test/screenshot-asia.js

These websites are tested with the following supported languages:

How to use with Puppeteer to test a Chrome Extension

According to puppeteer official doc you can not test a Chrome Extension in headless mode. You need a display available, that's where Xvfb comes in.

See the with-puppeteer-xvfb folder for more details. We have to follow the mapping of Chromium => Puppeteer described here.

Assuming you have a NodeJS/Puppeteer script in your src folder named extension.js, and the unpacked extension in the src/chrome-extension folder, you can launch it using the following command:

docker container run -it --rm -v $(pwd)/src:/usr/src/app/src --cap-add=SYS_ADMIN zenika/alpine-chrome:with-puppeteer-xvfb node src/extension.js

The extension provided will change the page background in red for every website visited. This test test/test.js will load the extension and take a screenshot of the https://example.com website.

How to use with Playwright

Like "Puppeteer", we can do a lot things using "Playwright" with our Chrome Headless.

Go to the with-playwright folder and launch the following command:

docker container run -it --rm -v $(pwd)/test:/usr/src/app/test --cap-add=SYS_ADMIN zenika/alpine-chrome:with-playwright node test/test.js

An example.png file will be created in the with-playwright/test folder.

How to use with WebGL

By default, this image works with WebGL.

If you want to disable it, make sure to add --disable-gpu when launching Chromium.

docker container run -it --rm --cap-add=SYS_ADMIN -v $(pwd):/usr/src/app zenika/alpine-chrome --screenshot --hide-scrollbars https://webglfundamentals.org/webgl/webgl-fundamentals.html

docker container run -it --rm --cap-add=SYS_ADMIN -v $(pwd):/usr/src/app zenika/alpine-chrome --screenshot --hide-scrollbars https://browserleaks.com/webgl

How to use with Chromedriver

ChromeDriver is a separate executable that Selenium WebDriver uses to control Chrome. You can use this image as a base for your Docker based selenium tests. See Guide for running Selenium tests using Chromedriver.

How to use with Selenoid

Selenoid is a powerful implementation of Selenium hub using Docker containers to launch browsers. Even if it used to run browsers in docker containers, it can be quite useful as lightweight Selenium replacement. with-selenoid image is a self sufficient selenium server, chrome and chromedriver installed.

You can run it with following command:

docker container run -it --rm --cap-add=SYS_ADMIN  -p 4444:4444 zenika/alpine-chrome:with-selenoid -capture-driver-logs

And run your tests against http://localhost:4444/wd/hub

One of the use-cases might be running automation tests in the environment with restricted Docker environment like on some CI systems like GitLab CI, etc. In such case you may not have permissions for --cap-add=SYS_ADMIN and you will need to pass the --no-sandbox to chromedriver.

See more selenoid docs

Run as root and override default entrypoint

We can run the container as root with this command:

docker container run --rm -it --entrypoint "" --user root zenika/alpine-chrome sh

Run examples

Some examples are available on the examples directory:

References

Versions (in latest)

Alpine version

docker container run -it --rm --entrypoint "" zenika/alpine-chrome cat /etc/alpine-release
# 3.19.1

Chrome version

docker container run -it --rm --entrypoint "" zenika/alpine-chrome chromium-browser --version
# Chromium 121.0.6167.85 Alpine Linux

Image disk size

docker image inspect zenika/alpine-chrome --format='{{.Size}}'
# 663644797 # 633 MB

✨ Contributors

Thanks goes to these wonderful people (emoji key):


Julien LandurΓ©

πŸ’» πŸ‘€ ⚠️ πŸ€” πŸ’¬ 🚧

Yonggang Luo

πŸ’» πŸ€” πŸ’¬

Dennis Koch

πŸ’» πŸ€” πŸ’¬

Sargon Piraev

πŸ’»

Eric Briand

πŸ’»

栩风

πŸ’» πŸ€”

Roman Pushkin

πŸ’»

Juan LladΓ³

πŸ’»

Chris Watson

πŸ›

Wang Guan

πŸ›

Γ“scar Soto SΓ‘nchez

πŸ›

Calinoiu Alexandru Nicolae

πŸ›

Mark Macdonald

πŸ›

Felix Mann

πŸ›

horacimacias

πŸ›

Emil Kjer

πŸ›

Jeff Gonzalez

πŸ›

George GaΓ‘l

πŸ›

wheestermans31

πŸ›

Hodossy, Szabolcs

πŸ›

Corentin Ardeois

πŸ›

Danny Althoff

πŸ’¬

Chad Wilson

πŸ’¬ πŸ€”

fenchu

πŸ›

nrawat151290

πŸ›

x0rzkov

πŸ› πŸ€”

Jakob Ketterl

πŸ›

Piotr Sikora

πŸ› πŸ€”

Pierre Grimaud

πŸ’»

Niek van der Maas

πŸ’¬ πŸ€”

llange

πŸ› πŸ’»

Ageng D. Prastyawan

πŸ“–

Neel Kamath

πŸ’¬

Peter Dave Hello

πŸ’»

Taras

πŸ’» πŸ“–

Antoine Oili

πŸ“–

Manuel Cepeda

πŸ’»

Simon Frey

πŸ’»

Santhosh C

πŸ“–

This project follows the all-contributors specification. Contributions of any kind welcome!

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