Supervised Learning
Unsupervised Learning
Feature and model selection
Extras
Inverse Transform Sampling:
For generative models, one can create data using a random number generator. Specifically, one first samples an instance label Y according to the prior probabilities, and then uses the corresponding likelihood to sample the feature X. If no predefined random generator for the desired likelihood is available, uniformly distributed samples from a standard random number generator can be transformed to the desired distribution by means of 'inverse transform sampling' (see reference)
Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
Singular Value Decomposition (SVD)
Recommender System