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kaliop-uk / ezmigrationbundle

This bundle makes it easy to handle eZPlatform / eZPublish5 content upgrades/migrations
GNU General Public License v2.0
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ci continuous-integration database deployment ezplatform ezpublish php-migration sql-migration updates yml-migration

readme

Kaliop eZ-Migration Bundle

This bundle makes it easy to programmatically deploy changes to eZPlatform 1 and 2 / eZPublish 5 database structure and contents.

It is inspired by the DoctrineMigrationsBundle

You can think of it as the grandson of the legacy ezxmlinstaller extension.

Requirements

NB: for eZPlatform 3 (aka Ibexa DXP), head on to tanoconsulting/ezmigrationbundle2. For Ibexa DXP 4, go to tanoconsulting/ibexa-migration-bundle.

Installation

In either require or require-dev at the end of the bundle list in the composer.json file add:

"kaliop/ezmigrationbundle": "^6.0"

Save it and run

composer update --dev kaliop/ezmigrationbundle

This will install the bundle and all its dependencies.

Please make sure that you have the bundle registered in the kernel as well. Check app/appKernel.php (for eZPublish ezpublish/EzPublishKernel.php)

The registerBundles method should look similar to:

public function registerBundles()
{
    $bundles = array(
        ... more stuff here ...
        new \Kaliop\eZMigrationBundle\EzMigrationBundle()
    );
}

Checking that the bundle is installed correctly

If you run php bin/console (for eZPublish php ezpublish/console) you should see the following new commands in the list:

kaliop
  kaliop:migration:generate
  kaliop:migration:mass_migrate
  kaliop:migration:migrate
  kaliop:migration:migration
  kaliop:migration:resume
  kaliop:migration:status

This indicates that the bundle has been installed and registered correctly.

Note: the command kaliop:migration:update is kept around for compatibility, and will be removed in future versions.

Updating the bundle

To get the latest version, you can update the bundle to the latest available version by using composer

composer update kaliop/ezmigrationbundle

For upgrades from one major version to the following ones, see the instructions at the bottom of this readme.

Getting started

All commands accept the standard Symfony/eZPublish 5 options, although some of them might not have any effect on the command's execution.

Generating a new, empty migration definition file

The bundle provides a command to easily generate a new blank migration definition file, stored in a specific bundle.

For example:

php bin/console kaliop:migration:generate --format=yml MyProjectBundle

The above command will place a new yml skeleton file in the MigrationVersions directory of the MyProjectBundle bundle.

If the directory does not exist then the command will create it for you, as long as the bundle does exist and is registered. If the command is successful it will create a new yml file named with the following pattern: YYYYMMDDHHMMSS_placeholder.yml. You are encouraged to rename the file and change the placeholder part to something more meaningful, but please keep the timestamp part and underscore, as well as the extension.

(the contents of the skeleton Yaml file are stored as twig template)

Listing all migrations and their status

To see all the migrations definitions available in the system and whether they have been applied or not simply run the status command in your eZPublish 5 root directory:

php bin/console kaliop:migration:status

The list of migrations which have been already applied is stored in the database, in a table named kaliop_migrations. The bundle will automatically create the table if needed. In case you need to use a different name for that table, you can change the Symfony parameter ez_migration_bundle.table_name.

Applying migrations

To apply all available migrations run the migrate command in your eZPublish 5 root directory:

 php bin/console kaliop:migration:migrate

NB: if you just executed the above command and got an error message because the migration definition file that you had just generated is invalid, do not worry - that is by design. Head on to the next paragraph...

NB: migrations execute by the default as the admin user with ID 14. Without this user account in the database, you must specify the use of another admin account by passing the -a flag.

Applying a single migration file

To apply a single migration run the migrate command passing it the path to its definition, as follows:

php bin/console kaliop:migration:migrate --path=src/MyNamespace/MyBundle/MigrationVersions/20160803193400_a_migration.yml

NB: you can specify as well a folder with the --path flag, in which case all the migration definitions contained in that folder will be executed.

Editing migration files

So far so good, but what kind of actions can be actually done using a migration?

Each migration definition consists of a series of steps, where each step defines an action.

A simple example of a migration to create a 'folder' content is:

-
    mode: create
    type: content
    content_type: folder
    parent_location: 2
    attributes:
        name: hello world

In a Yaml migration, you can execute the following types of actions:

More details on all supported migration-language features are in the DSL Language description

Custom migrations

For more specific needs, you can also use 2 other types of migrations:

SQL migrations

Example command to generate an SQL migration definition:

 php bin/console kaliop:migration:generate MyBundle create-new-table --format=sql

This will create the following file, which you are free to edit:

.../MyBundle/Migrations/2016XXYYHHMMSS_mysql_create-new-table.sql

NB if you rename the sql file, keep in mind that the type of database to which it is supposed to apply is the part of the filename between the first and second underscore characters. If you later try to execute that migration on an eZPublish installation running on, say, PostgreSQL, the migration will fail. You are of course free to create a specific SQL migration for a different database type.

The Migration bundle itself imposes no limitations on the type of databases supported, but as it is based on the Doctrine DBAL, it will only work on the databases that Doctrine supports.

NB you can also save the SQL statement to execute in a yml-formatted migration file. This gives you access to more options, such as setting and resolving references. Yml-formatted migration files do not need to have the db type in their name.

NB if the SQL statement (or statements) in your migration is too long, the migration might fail or be only partially applied, in some cases (such as when using MySQL) without even reporting an error. If you need to execute multiple, long queries, you are better off splitting them, either in many .sql migrations, or in a single .yml migration with sql steps.

PHP migrations

If the type of manipulation that you need to do is too complex for either YML or SQL, you can use a php class as migration definition. To generate a PHP migration definition, execute:

 php bin/console kaliop:migration:generate MyBundle AMigrationClass --format=php

This will create the following file, which you are free to edit:

.../MyBundle/Migrations/2016XXYYHHMMSS_AMigrationClass.php

As you can see in the generated definition, the php class to be used for a migration needs to implement a specific interface. The Symfony DIC container is passed to the migration class so that it can access from it all the services, parameters and other thing that it needs.

For a more detailed example of a migration definition done in PHP, look in the MigrationVersions folder of this very bundle.

NB if you rename the php file, keep in mind that the filename and the name of the class it contains are tied - the standard autoloading mechanism of the application does not apply when loading the migration definition. This is also the reason why the php classes used as migrations should not use namespaces.

NB it is also possible to run any method of any existing Symfony service just by declaring it as migration step in a yaml migration. See the relevant DSL for details.

NB it is also possible to run any existing php function or static class method just by declaring it as migration step in a yaml migration. See the relevant DSL for details.

Re-executing failed migrations

The easiest way to re-execute a migration in 'failed' status, is to remove it from the migrations table:

php bin/console kaliop:migration:migration migration_name --delete

After removing the information about the migration from the migrations table, running the migrate command will execute it again.

Usage of transactions / rolling back changes

By default the bundle runs each migration in a database transaction. This means that if a step fails, all the previous steps get rolled back, and the database is left in its original state. This is a safety feature built in by design;

Note also that by default the migrate command stops on the 1st failed migration, but it can be executed with a flag to allow it to continue and execute all available migrations even in case of failures.

As for rolling back changes: given the nature of the eZPublish API, rolling back changes to Content is not an easy feat. As such, the bundle does not provide built-in support for rolling back the database to the version it had before applying a given migration. We recommend always taking a database snapshot before applying migrations, and use it in case you need to roll back your changes. Another approach consists in writing a separate migration to undo the changes.

Customizing the migration logic via Event Listeners

An easy way to hook up custom logic to the execution of migrations - without having to implement your own customized action executors - is to use Event Listeners.

Two events are fired for each step during execution of migrations:

* ez_migration.before_execution => listeners receive a BeforeStepExecutionEvent event instance
* ez_migration.step_executed => listeners receive a StepExecutedEvent event instance

An event is fired only in case a migration fails because a step throws a specific migration abort exception:

* ez_migration.migration_aborted => listeners receive a MigrationAbortedEvent event instance

An event is fired when a migration is being generated using the kaliop:migration:generate command, allowing to alter the data that will be serialized as migration steps:

* ez_migration.migration_generated => listeners receive a MigrationGeneratedEvent event instance

In order to act on those events, you will need to declare tagged services, such as for ex:

my.step_executed_listener:
    class: my\helper\StepExecutedListener
    tags:
        - { name: kernel.event_listener, event: ez_migration.step_executed, method: onStepExecuted }

and the corresponding php class:

use Kaliop\eZMigrationBundle\API\Event\StepExecutedEvent;

class StepExecutedListener
{
    public function onStepExecuted(StepExecutedEvent $event)
    {
        // do something...
    }
}

Event Subscribers are supported as an alternative to Event Listeners, as is standard with Symfony projects.

Known Issues and limitations

Frequently asked questions

How can I update a specific content which has a different Id on dev, test and prod environments?

A: use the 'reference/set' migration step to define a reference for the desired content Id, and use a Symfony parameter to store a different value for each Symfony environment. For example:

-
    type: reference
    mode: set
    identifier: content_id_ref
    value: '%a.parameter.name%'

-
    type: content
    mode: update
    match:
        content_id: "reference:content_id_ref"
    etc: ...

Note that there are many more solutions for this issue, sych as making sure your target Contents and Locations have the same Remote_id in all environments, or passing values for references as options to the migrate command-line.

How to update an existing Role to change its policies?

When using a migration to update a Role, you must define ALL its policies. Any not defined will be removed. The safest and simplest way to make sure that you do not forget any of the existing policies is to first generate an update migration that has the complete specification of the role as it currently is defined, and then edit manually.

Example command to create such a migration:

php bin/console kaliop:migration:generate --type=role --mode=update --match-type=identifier --match-value=Anonymous bundleName

When dumping a Content into a yml migration via the generate command, the list of attributes is empty

A: this is most likely due to using a bad language configuration

Are there examples of implementing common tasks which require complex migrations?

A: yes, please take a look in folder Resources/doc/Cookbook/

Can I run an external tool (command-line script) as part of a migration?

A: sure. Take a look at the relevant dsl and cookbook example for details.

Extending the bundle

Supporting custom migrations

The bundle has been designed to be easily extended in many ways, such as:

Following Symfony best practices, for the first 4 options in the list above all you need to do is to create a service and give it an appropriate tag (the class implementing service should of course implement an appropriate interface).

To find out the names of the tags that you need to implement, as well as for all the other services which you can override, take a look at the services.yml file.

It is also possible to define custom event listeners/subscribers to expand migration execution logic. See the dedicated paragraphs above for more details.

Running tests

The bundle uses PHPUnit to run functional tests.

Running tests in a working eZPublish / eZPlatform installation

To run the tests:

export KERNEL_DIR=app (or 'ezpublish' for ezpublish 5.4/cp setups)
export SYMFONY_ENV=behat (or whatever your environment is)

bin/phpunit --stderr -c vendor/kaliop/ezmigrationbundle/phpunit.xml.dist

NB the tests do not mock interaction with the database, but create/modify/delete many types of data in it. As such, there are good chances that running tests will leave stale/broken data. It is recommended to run the tests suite using a dedicated eZPublish installation or at least a dedicated database.

Setting up a dedicated test environment for the bundle

A safer choice to run the tests of the bundle is to set up a dedicated environment, similar to the one used when the test suite is run on GitHub Actions. The advantages are multiple: on one hand you can start with any version of eZPublish you want; on the other you will be more confident that any tests you add or modify will also pass on GitHub. The disadvantages are that you will need Docker and Docker-compose, and that the environment you will use will look quite unlike a standard eZPublish setup! Also, it will take a considerable amount of disk space and time to build.

Steps to set up a dedicated test environment and run the tests in it:

git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/tanoconsulting/euts.git teststack
# if you have a github auth token, it is a good idea to copy it now to teststack/docker/data/.composer/auth.json

# this config sets up a test environment with eZPlatform 2.5 running on php 7.4 / ubuntu jammy
export TESTSTACK_CONFIG_FILE=Tests/environment/.euts.2.5.env

./teststack/teststack build
./teststack/teststack runtests
./teststack/teststack stop

You can also run a single test case:

./teststack/teststack runtests ./Tests/phpunit/01_CollectionsTest.php

Note: this will take some time the 1st time your run it, but it will be quicker on subsequent runs. Note: make sure to have enough disk space available.

In case you want to run manually commands, such as the symfony console:

./teststack/teststack console cache:clear

Or easily get to a database shell prompt:

./teststack/teststack dbconsole

Or command-line shell prompt to the Docker container where tests are run:

./teststack/teststack shell

The tests in the Docker container run using the version of debian/php/eZPlatform kernel specified in the file Tests/environment/.euts.2.5.env, as specified in env var TESTSTACK_CONFIG_FILE. If no value is set for that environment variable, a file named .euts.env is looked for. If no such file is present, some defaults are used, you can check the documentation in ./teststack/README.md to find out what they are. If you want to test against a different version of eZ/php/mysql/debian, feel free to:

You can even keep multiple test stacks available in parallel, by using different env files, eg:

Our Backward Compatibility Promise

This bundle adheres to Semantic Versioning principles.

However, backward compatibility comes in many different flavors. In fact, almost every change can potentially break an application. For example, if we add a new method to a class, this will break an application which extended that class and added the same method, but with a different method signature.

This section is dedicated to explain in detail which guidelines inform the choice of incrementing the major/minor/patch number for every new release of the bundle.

For developers using the bundle

Adherence to Semantic versioning is implemented via the following:

For developers extending or modifying the bundle

Things are a bit more sketchy in terms of the internals of the bundle, ie. PHP classes and Symfony services. Although great care is taken to avoid breaking code extending existing classes and redefining existing services, it has happened a couple of times that the signature of existing methods has been changed in patch versions. Sometimes new interfaces have become required by existing classes in minor versions.

Major version upgrades

Upgrading from version 5.x to version 6

Upgrading from version 4.x to version 5

Upgrading from version 3.x to version 4

Upgrading from version 2.x to version 3

Upgrading from version 1.x to version 2

Please read the dedicated documentation page

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