mame / quine-relay

An uroboros program with 100+ programming languages
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quine

Quine Relay

CI

What this is

QR.rb is a Ruby program that generates a Rust program that generates a Scala program that generates ...(through 128 languages in total)... a REXX program that generates the original Ruby code again.

Language Uroboros

(If you want to see the old 50-language version, see the 50 branch.)

Usage

Ubuntu

If you are using Ubuntu 24.10 (Oracular Oriole), you can follow these steps.

1. Install all the interpreters/compilers.

First, you need to type the following apt-get command to install them all.

$ sudo apt-get install afnix algol68g aplus-fsf aspectj asymptote \
  ats2-lang bash bc bsh clisp clojure cmake coffeescript crystal dc \
  dhall dotnet8 elixir emacs-nox erlang execline f2c fish flex \
  fp-compiler g++ gambas3-gb-pcre gambas3-scripter gap gawk gcc gdb gdc \
  genius gforth gfortran ghc ghostscript gm2 gnat gnucobol4 gnuplot \
  gobjc golang gpt groovy guile-3.0 gzip haxe icont iconx intercal \
  iverilog jasmin-sable jq kotlin ksh libevent-dev libpolyml-dev lisaac \
  livescript llvm lua5.3 m4 make minizinc mono-devel nasm neko nickle \
  nim node-typescript nodejs ocaml octave openjdk-11-jdk pari-gp \
  parser3-cgi perl php-cli pike8.0 polyml python3 r-base rakudo ratfor \
  rc regina-rexx ruby ruby-mustache rustc scala scilab-cli sed slsh spin \
  squirrel3 surgescript swi-prolog tcl tcsh valac vim wabt xsltproc \
  yabasic yorick zoem zsh

Then, build the bundled interpreters.

$ sudo apt-get install cmake libpng-dev libgd-dev groff bison curl
$ make -C vendor

2. Run each program on each interpreter/compiler.

$ ulimit -s unlimited
$ ruby QR.rb > QR.rs
$ rustc QR.rs && ./QR > QR.scala
$ scalac QR.scala && scala QR > QR.scm
$ guile QR.scm > QR.sci
$ scilab-cli -nb -f QR.sci > QR.sed
$ sed -E -f QR.sed QR.sed > QR.spl
$ spl2c < QR.spl > QR.spl.c && gcc -z muldefs -o QR -I ./vendor/local/include -L ./vendor/local/lib QR.spl.c -lspl -lm &&
  ./QR > QR.sl
$ slsh QR.sl > QR.nut
$ squirrel QR.nut > QR.sml
$ polyc -o QR QR.sml && ./QR > QR.sq
$ ruby vendor/subleq.rb QR.sq > QR.ss
$ surgescript QR.ss > QR.tcl
$ tclsh QR.tcl > QR.tcsh
$ tcsh QR.tcsh > QR.t
$ ruby vendor/thue.rb QR.t > QR.ts
$ tsc --outFile QR.ts.js QR.ts && nodejs QR.ts.js > QR.unl
$ ruby vendor/unlambda.rb QR.unl > QR.vala
$ valac QR.vala && ./QR > QR.mid
$ mono vendor/local/bin/Vlt.exe /s QR.mid && mono QR.exe > QR.v
$ iverilog -o QR QR.v && ./QR -vcd-none > QR.vim
$ vim -EsS QR.vim > QR.vb
$ echo '<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk"><PropertyGroup><OutputType>Exe</OutputType><TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework><EnableDefaultCompileItems>false</EnableDefaultCompileItems></PropertyGroup><ItemGroup><Compile Include="QR.vb" /></ItemGroup></Project>' > tmp.vbproj &&
  DOTNET_NOLOGO=1 dotnet run --project tmp.vbproj > QR.wasm
$ $(WASI_RUNTIME) QR.wasm > QR.wat
$ wat2wasm QR.wat -o QR.wat.wasm && $(WASI_RUNTIME) QR.wat.wasm > QR.ws
$ ruby vendor/whitespace.rb QR.ws > QR.xslt
$ xsltproc QR.xslt > QR.yab
$ yabasic QR.yab > QR.yorick
$ yorick -batch QR.yorick > QR.azm
$ zoem -i QR.azm > QR.zsh
$ zsh QR.zsh > QR.+
$ a+ QR.+ > qr.adb
$ gnatmake qr.adb && ./qr > QR.als
$ LANG=C LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/afnix axi QR.als > QR.aheui
$ ruby vendor/aheui.rb QR.aheui > QR.a68
$ a68g QR.a68 > QR.ante
$ ruby vendor/ante.rb QR.ante > QR.aj
$ ajc QR.aj && java QR > QR.asy
$ asy QR.asy > QR.dats
$ patscc -o QR QR.dats && ./QR > QR.awk
$ awk -f QR.awk > QR.bash
$ bash QR.bash > QR.bc
$ BC_LINE_LENGTH=4000000 bc -q QR.bc > QR.bsh
$ bsh QR.bsh > QR.bef
$ cfunge QR.bef > QR.Blc
$ ruby vendor/blc.rb < QR.Blc > QR.bf
$ ruby vendor/bf.rb QR.bf > QR.c
$ gcc -o QR QR.c && ./QR > QR.cpp
$ g++ -o QR QR.cpp && ./QR > QR.cs
$ echo '<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk"><PropertyGroup><OutputType>Exe</OutputType><TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework><EnableDefaultCompileItems>false</EnableDefaultCompileItems></PropertyGroup><ItemGroup><Compile Include="QR.cs" /></ItemGroup></Project>' > tmp.csproj &&
  DOTNET_NOLOGO=1 dotnet run --project tmp.csproj > QR.chef
$ PERL5LIB=vendor/local/lib/perl5 compilechef QR.chef QR.chef.pl &&
  perl QR.chef.pl > QR.clj
$ clojure QR.clj > QR.cmake
$ cmake -P QR.cmake > QR.cob
$ cobc -O2 -x QR.cob && ./QR > QR.coffee
$ coffee --nodejs --stack_size=100000 QR.coffee > QR.lisp
$ clisp QR.lisp > QR.cr
$ crystal QR.cr > QR.d
$ gdc -o QR QR.d && ./QR > QR.dc
$ dc QR.dc > QR.dhall || true
$ dhall text --file QR.dhall > QR.exs
$ elixir QR.exs > QR.el
$ emacs -Q --script QR.el > QR.erl
$ escript QR.erl > QR.e
$ execlineb QR.e > QR.fsx
$ echo '<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk"><PropertyGroup><OutputType>Exe</OutputType><TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework><EnableDefaultCompileItems>false</EnableDefaultCompileItems></PropertyGroup><ItemGroup><Compile Include="QR.fsx" /></ItemGroup></Project>' > tmp.fsproj &&
  DOTNET_NOLOGO=1 dotnet run --project tmp.fsproj > QR.false
$ ruby vendor/false.rb QR.false > QR.fl
$ flex -o QR.fl.c QR.fl && gcc -o QR QR.fl.c && ./QR > QR.fish
$ fish QR.fish > QR.fs
$ gforth QR.fs > QR.f
$ gfortran -o QR QR.f && ./QR > QR.f90
$ gfortran -o QR QR.f90 && ./QR > QR.gbs
$ gbs3 QR.gbs > QR.g
$ gap -q QR.g > QR.gdb
$ gdb -q -x QR.gdb > QR.gel
$ genius QR.gel > QR.plt
$ gnuplot QR.plt > QR.go
$ go run QR.go > QR.gs
$ ruby vendor/golfscript.rb QR.gs > QR.gpt
$ mv QR.c QR.c.bak && gpt -t QR.c QR.gpt && gcc -o QR QR.c && ./QR > QR.grass &&
  mv QR.c.bak QR.c
$ ruby vendor/grass.rb QR.grass > QR.groovy
$ groovy QR.groovy > QR.gz
$ gzip -cd QR.gz > QR.hs
$ rm -f QR.o && ghc QR.hs && ./QR > QR.hx
$ haxe -main QR -neko QR.n && neko QR.n > QR.icn
$ icont -s QR.icn && ./QR > QR.i
$ ick -bfOc QR.i && gcc -static QR.c -I /usr/include/ick-* -o QR -lick &&
  ./QR > QR.j
$ jasmin QR.j && java QR > QR.java
$ javac QR.java && java QR > QR.js
$ nodejs QR.js > QR.jq
$ jq -r -n -f QR.jq > QR.jsfuck
$ nodejs --stack_size=100000 QR.jsfuck > QR.kt
$ kotlinc QR.kt -include-runtime -d QR.jar && kotlin QR.jar > QR.ksh
$ ksh QR.ksh > QR.lazy
$ lazyk QR.lazy > qr.li
$ lisaac -gcc -Wno-implicit-function-declaration qr.li && ./qr > QR.ls
$ lsc QR.ls > QR.ll
$ llvm-as QR.ll && lli QR.bc > QR.lol
$ lci QR.lol > QR.lua
$ lua5.3 QR.lua > QR.m4
$ m4 QR.m4 > QR.mk
$ make -f QR.mk > QR.mzn
$ minizinc --solver COIN-BC --soln-sep '' QR.mzn > QR.mod
$ gm2 -fiso QR.mod -o QR && ./QR > QR.il
$ ilasm QR.il && mono QR.exe > QR.mustache
$ mustache QR.mustache QR.mustache > QR.asm
$ nasm -felf QR.asm && ld -m elf_i386 -o QR QR.o && ./QR > QR.neko
$ nekoc QR.neko && neko QR.n > QR.5c
$ nickle QR.5c > QR.nim
$ nim compile QR.nim && ./QR > QR.m
$ gcc -o QR QR.m && ./QR > QR.ml
$ ocaml QR.ml > QR.octave
$ mv QR.m QR.m.bak && octave -qf QR.octave > QR.ook && mv QR.m.bak QR.m
$ ruby vendor/ook-to-bf.rb QR.ook QR.ook.bf && ruby vendor/bf.rb QR.ook.bf > QR.gp
$ gp -f -q QR.gp > QR.p
$ parser3 QR.p > QR.pas
$ fpc QR.pas && ./QR > QR.pl
$ perl QR.pl > QR.pl6
$ perl6 QR.pl6 > QR.php
$ php QR.php > QR.png
$ npiet QR.png > QR.pike
$ pike QR.pike > QR.ps
$ gs -dNODISPLAY -q QR.ps > QR.prolog
$ swipl -q -t qr -f QR.prolog > QR.pr
$ spin -T QR.pr > QR.py
$ python3 QR.py > QR.R
$ R --slave -f QR.R > QR.ratfor
$ ratfor -o QR.ratfor.f QR.ratfor && gfortran -o QR QR.ratfor.f &&
  ./QR > QR.rc
$ rc QR.rc > QR.rexx
$ rexx ./QR.rexx > QR2.rb

You will see that QR.rb is the same as QR2.rb.

$ diff QR.rb QR2.rb

Alternatively, just type make.

$ make

Note: It may take a lot of memory to compile some files.

Docker

Simply build the image and run a container as follows:

$ docker build -t qr .
$ docker run --privileged --rm -e CI=true qr

Note: You must run in privileged mode, otherwise the maxima command will fail.

If you want to check the generated files, you can mount the local directory in the Docker container (but still use the vendor directory of the container), as follows:

$ docker run --privileged --rm -e CI=true -v $(pwd):/usr/local/share/quine-relay -v /usr/local/share/quine-relay/vendor qr

Other platforms

You may find instructions for other platforms in the wiki.

If you do not use these Linux distributions, please find your own way. If you manage it, please let me know. I wish you good luck.

Interpreter/compiler versions tested

I used the following Ubuntu deb packages to test this program.

# language ubuntu package version
1 Ruby ruby 1:3.3\~ubuntu3
2 Rust rustc 1.80.1ubuntu2
3 Scala scala 2.11.12-5
4 Scheme guile-3.0 3.0.10+really3.0.9-1
5 Scilab scilab-cli 2024.1.0+dfsg-4
6 sed sed 4.9-2build1
7 Shakespeare N/A -
8 S-Lang slsh 2.3.3-5
9 Squirrel squirrel3 3.1-8.2
10 Standard ML polyml, libpolyml-dev 5.7.1-5build1
11 Subleq N/A -
12 SurgeScript surgescript 0.5.4.4-1.1
13 Tcl tcl 8.6.14build1
14 tcsh tcsh 6.24.13-2
15 Thue N/A -
16 TypeScript node-typescript 4.8.4+ds1-2
17 Unlambda N/A -
18 Vala valac 0.56.17-1
19 Velato N/A -
20 Verilog iverilog 12.0-2build2
21 Vimscript vim 2:9.1.0496-1ubuntu6
22 Visual Basic dotnet8 8.0.110-8.0.10-0ubuntu1
23 WebAssembly (Binary format) wabt 1.0.34+dsfg2+\~cs1.0.32-1ubuntu2
24 WebAssembly (Text format) wabt 1.0.34+dsfg2+\~cs1.0.32-1ubuntu2
25 Whitespace N/A -
26 XSLT xsltproc 1.1.39-0exp1ubuntu1
27 Yabasic yabasic 1:2.90.3-1
28 Yorick yorick 2.2.04+dfsg1-13
29 Zoem zoem 21-341-1
30 zsh zsh 5.9-6ubuntu3
31 A+ aplus-fsf 4.22.1-13
32 Ada gnat 13.2ubuntu2
33 AFNIX afnix 3.8.0-1
34 Aheui N/A -
35 ALGOL 68 algol68g 3.1.2-1
36 Ante N/A -
37 AspectJ aspectj 1.9.5-2
38 Asymptote asymptote 2.90+ds-1build1
39 ATS ats2-lang 0.4.2-2
40 Awk gawk 1:5.2.1-2build3
41 bash bash 5.2.32-1ubuntu1
42 bc bc 1.07.1-4
43 BeanShell bsh 2.0b4-20
44 Befunge N/A -
45 BLC8 N/A -
46 Brainfuck N/A -
47 C gcc 4:14.1.0-2ubuntu1
48 C++ g++ 4:14.1.0-2ubuntu1
49 C# dotnet8 8.0.110-8.0.10-0ubuntu1
50 Chef N/A -
51 Clojure clojure 1.11.2-1
52 CMake cmake 3.30.3-1
53 Cobol gnucobol4 4.0\~early\~20200606-6.1build1
54 CoffeeScript coffeescript 2.7.0+dfsg1-2
55 Common Lisp clisp 1:2.49.20210628.gitde01f0f-3.1build3
56 Crystal crystal, libevent-dev 1.12.1+dfsg-1
57 D gdc 4:14.1.0-2ubuntu1
58 dc dc 1.07.1-4
59 Dhall dhall 1.41.2-1build2
60 Elixir elixir 1.14.0.dfsg-2
61 Emacs Lisp emacs-nox 1:29.4+1-3ubuntu1
62 Erlang erlang 1:25.3.2.12+dfsg-1ubuntu2
63 Execline execline 2.9.6.0-1
64 F# dotnet8 8.0.110-8.0.10-0ubuntu1
65 FALSE N/A -
66 Flex flex 2.6.4-8.2build1
67 Fish fish 3.7.1-1
68 Forth gforth 0.7.3+dfsg-9build4.1
69 FORTRAN77 f2c 20240504-1
70 Fortran90 gfortran 4:14.1.0-2ubuntu1
71 Gambas script gambas3-scripter, gambas3-gb-pcre 3.19.3-1ubuntu2
72 GAP gap 4.13.1-1
73 GDB gdb 15.1-1ubuntu2
74 GEL (Genius) genius 1.0.27-1build4
75 Gnuplot gnuplot 6.0.0+dfsg1-1ubuntu3
76 Go golang 2:1.23\~1
77 GolfScript N/A -
78 G-Portugol gpt 1.1-8
79 Grass N/A -
80 Groovy groovy 2.4.21-10
81 Gzip gzip 1.12-1.1ubuntu1
82 Haskell ghc 9.4.7-5build1
83 Haxe haxe 1:4.3.4-2
84 Icon icont, iconx 9.5.24a-1
85 INTERCAL intercal 30:0.30-6
86 Jasmin jasmin-sable 2.5.0-2
87 Java openjdk-11-jdk 11.0.25\~5ea-1ubuntu1
88 JavaScript nodejs 20.16.0+dfsg-1ubuntu1
89 Jq jq 1.7.1-3build1
90 JSFuck nodejs 20.16.0+dfsg-1ubuntu1
91 Kotlin kotlin 1.3.31+ds1-1ubuntu1
92 ksh ksh 20240113-1.0.8-1.2
93 Lazy K N/A -
94 Lisaac lisaac 1:0.39\~rc1-3.1
95 LiveScript livescript 1.6.1+dfsg-3
96 LLVM asm llvm 1:19.0-60\~exp1
97 LOLCODE N/A -
98 Lua lua5.3 5.3.6-2build2
99 M4 m4 1.4.19-4build1
100 Makefile make 4.3-4.1build2
101 MiniZinc minizinc 2.8.5+dfsg1-2
102 Modula-2 gm2 4:14.1.0-2ubuntu1
103 MSIL mono-devel 6.12.0.199+dfsg-1
104 Mustache ruby-mustache 1.1.1-2
105 NASM nasm 2.16.03-1
106 Neko neko 2.4.0-1
107 Nickle nickle 2.97build2
108 Nim nim 1.6.14-1ubuntu2
109 Objective-C gobjc 4:14.1.0-2ubuntu1
110 OCaml ocaml 5.2.0-3
111 Octave octave 9.2.0-3
112 Ook! N/A -
113 PARI/GP pari-gp 2.15.5-1
114 Parser 3 parser3-cgi 3.4.6-5
115 Pascal fp-compiler 3.2.2+dfsg-34
116 Perl 5 perl 5.38.2-5
117 Perl 6 rakudo 2022.12-1
118 PHP php-cli 2:8.3+93ubuntu2
119 Piet N/A -
120 Pike pike8.0 8.0.1738-1.4
121 PostScript ghostscript 10.03.1\~dfsg1-0ubuntu2
122 Prolog swi-prolog 9.0.4+dfsg-3.1ubuntu4
123 Promela (Spin) spin 6.5.2+dfsg-1
124 Python python3 3.12.6-0ubuntu1
125 R r-base 4.4.1-1
126 Ratfor ratfor 1.05-2
127 rc rc 1.7.4+97.gceb59bb-5build2
128 REXX regina-rexx 3.9.5+dfsg1-0.1

Note that some languages are not available in Ubuntu (marked as N/A). This repository contains their implementations in vendor/. See also vendor/README for detail.

Frequently asked questions

Q. Why?

A. Take your pick.

Q. How?

A. Good news: I have published a book, "The World of Obfuscated, Esoteric, Artistic Programming". It explains how to write a quine, an ascii-art quine, and an uroboros quine like this quine-relay. You can buy my book on amazon.co.jp.

(It also contains my almost all of my (about forty) works, including alphabet-only Ruby program, radiation-hardened quine, etc., and explains many techniques for writing such programs.)

Bad news: It is written in Japanese. I hope you can translate it into English and help me earn royalties.

Q. Language XXX is missing!

A. See the language inclusion criteria in detail. (In short, please create a deb package and contribute it to Ubuntu.)

See also :heart:.

Q. Does it really work?

A. CI

Q. How long did it take you?

A. Are you trying to cross the world line?

Q. The code does not fit in my screen!

A. Here you go.

Q. How was the code generated?

A.

$ sudo apt-get install rake ruby-cairo ruby-rsvg2 ruby-gdk-pixbuf2 \
  optipng advancecomp ruby-chunky-png
$ cd src
$ rake2.0 clobber
$ rake2.0

History

for Ubuntu 13.04

50 languages

Added: Ruby, Scala, Scheme, bash, Smalltalk, Unlambda, Tcl, Whitespace, Verilog, Vala, Ada, ALGOL 68, Awk, Brainfuck, Boo, C, C++, C#, Cobol, Clojure, Fortran90, FORTRAN77, Forth, Common Lisp, CoffeeScript, Groovy, Go, INTERCAL, Icon, Haskell, Jasmin, Java, LLVM asm, Logo, Lua, Makefile, MSIL, Objective-C, JavaScript, OCaml, Octave, Parrot asm, Pascal, Perl, PHP, Pike, Prolog, Python, R, REXX

for Ubuntu 13.10

50 languages

for Ubuntu 14.04

50 languages

for Ubuntu 14.10

64 languages

Added: Scilab, S-Lang, SPL, LOLCODE, Maxima, NASM, Neko, Nickle, Ook!, PARI/GP, Piet, PPT (Punched tape), PostScript, Ratfor

for Ubuntu 15.04

100 languages

Added: Subleq, Standard ML, Thue, Visual Basic, XSLT, Yorick, Zoem, A+, AFNIX, Ante, Asymptote, ATS, BLC8, Befunge, bc, Chef, CDuce, D, dc, eC, Emacs Lisp, Erlang, F#, Falcon, FALSE, Gambas script, GAP, GEL (Genius), Gnuplot, G-Portugol, Gri, Haxe, Julia, Lisaac, Lazy K, Kaya

for Ubuntu 15.10

100 languages

Removed: Boo, Falcon, Kaya

Added: Elixir, Jq, Nim

for Ubuntu 16.04

100 languages

for Ubuntu 17.04

100 languages

Removed: SPL, Gri, Logo, Parrot asm

Added: Squirrel, Dafny, Grass, MiniZinc

for Ubuntu 17.10

100 languages

Removed: CDuce

Added: Rust

for Ubuntu 18.04

128 languages

Removed: Gambas script, Perl

Added: Shakespeare, sed, tcsh, TypeScript, Velato, Vimscript, Yabasic, zsh, Aheui, AspectC++, AspectJ, BeanShell, CMake, Flex, Fish, GDB, GolfScript, Gzip, Gri, JSFuck, ksh, LiveScript, M4, Mustache, nesC, Parser 3, Perl 5, Perl 6, Promela (Spin), rc

for Ubuntu 19.04

128 languages

Removed: Scilab, G-Portugol, nesC

Added: Curry, Gambas script, GeneratorScriptingLanguage

for Ubuntu 19.10

128 languages

Removed: Gri

Added: Scilab

for Ubuntu 20.04

128 languages

for Ubuntu 20.10

128 languages

Removed: AspectC++, eC

Added: SurgeScript, Dhall

for Ubuntu 21.04

128 languages

Removed: Curry

Added: G-Portugol

for Ubuntu 21.10

128 languages

for Ubuntu 22.04

128 languages

Removed: Julia, Nim, Pike

Added: WebAssembly (Text format), WebAssembly (Binary format), Kotlin

for Ubuntu 22.10

128 languages

for Ubuntu 23.04

128 languages

Removed: Squirrel, GeneratorScriptingLanguage

Added: Crystal, Nim

for Ubuntu 23.10

128 languages

Removed: Smalltalk

Added: Modula-2

for Ubuntu 24.04

128 languages

Removed: PPT (Punched tape)

Added: Pike

for Ubuntu 24.10

128 languages

Removed: Dafny, Maxima

Added: Execline, Squirrel

License

The MIT License applies to all resources except the files in the vendor/ directory.

The files in the vendor/ directory are from third-parties and are distributed under different licenses. See vendor/README in detail.


The MIT License (MIT)

Copyright (c) 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024 Yusuke Endoh (@mametter), @hirekoke

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.