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matthewwithanm / django-imagekit

Automated image processing for Django. Currently v4.0
http://django-imagekit.rtfd.org/
BSD 3-Clause "New" or "Revised" License
2.28k stars 275 forks source link

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.. |Build Status| image:: https://github.com/matthewwithanm/django-imagekit/actions/workflows/python.yml/badge.svg?branch=develop .. _Build Status: https://github.com/matthewwithanm/django-imagekit/actions/workflows/python.yml

ImageKit is a Django app for processing images. Need a thumbnail? A black-and-white version of a user-uploaded image? ImageKit will make them for you. If you need to programmatically generate one image from another, you need ImageKit.

ImageKit comes with a bunch of image processors for common tasks like resizing and cropping, but you can also create your own. For an idea of what's possible, check out the Instakit__ project.

For the complete documentation on the latest stable version of ImageKit, see ImageKit on RTD_.

.. _ImageKit on RTD: http://django-imagekit.readthedocs.org __ https://github.com/fish2000/instakit

Installation

  1. Install Pillow_. (If you're using an ImageField in Django, you should have already done this.)
  2. pip install django-imagekit
  3. Add 'imagekit' to your INSTALLED_APPS list in your project's settings.py

.. _Pillow: http://pypi.python.org/pypi/Pillow

Usage Overview

.. _specs:

Specs

You have one image and you want to do something to it to create another image. But how do you tell ImageKit what to do? By defining an image spec.

An image spec is a type of image generator that generates a new image from a source image.

Defining Specs In Models ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

The easiest way to use define an image spec is by using an ImageSpecField on your model class:

.. code-block:: python

from django.db import models
from imagekit.models import ImageSpecField
from imagekit.processors import ResizeToFill

class Profile(models.Model):
    avatar = models.ImageField(upload_to='avatars')
    avatar_thumbnail = ImageSpecField(source='avatar',
                                      processors=[ResizeToFill(100, 50)],
                                      format='JPEG',
                                      options={'quality': 60})

profile = Profile.objects.all()[0]
print(profile.avatar_thumbnail.url)    # > /media/CACHE/images/982d5af84cddddfd0fbf70892b4431e4.jpg
print(profile.avatar_thumbnail.width)  # > 100

As you can probably tell, ImageSpecFields work a lot like Django's ImageFields. The difference is that they're automatically generated by ImageKit based on the instructions you give. In the example above, the avatar thumbnail is a resized version of the avatar image, saved as a JPEG with a quality of 60.

Sometimes, however, you don't need to keep the original image (the avatar in the above example); when the user uploads an image, you just want to process it and save the result. In those cases, you can use the ProcessedImageField class:

.. code-block:: python

from django.db import models
from imagekit.models import ProcessedImageField
from imagekit.processors import ResizeToFill

class Profile(models.Model):
    avatar_thumbnail = ProcessedImageField(upload_to='avatars',
                                           processors=[ResizeToFill(100, 50)],
                                           format='JPEG',
                                           options={'quality': 60})

profile = Profile.objects.all()[0]
print(profile.avatar_thumbnail.url)    # > /media/avatars/MY-avatar.jpg
print(profile.avatar_thumbnail.width)  # > 100

This is pretty similar to our previous example. We don't need to specify a "source" any more since we're not processing another image field, but we do need to pass an "upload_to" argument. This behaves exactly as it does for Django ImageFields.

.. note::

You might be wondering why we didn't need an "upload_to" argument for our
ImageSpecField. The reason is that ProcessedImageFields really are just like
ImageFields—they save the file path in the database and you need to run
syncdb (or create a migration) when you add one to your model.

ImageSpecFields, on the other hand, are virtual—they add no fields to your
database and don't require a database. This is handy for a lot of reasons,
but it means that the path to the image file needs to be programmatically
constructed based on the source image and the spec.

Defining Specs Outside of Models ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Defining specs as models fields is one very convenient way to process images, but it isn't the only way. Sometimes you can't (or don't want to) add fields to your models, and that's okay. You can define image spec classes and use them directly. This can be especially useful for doing image processing in views— particularly when the processing being done depends on user input.

.. code-block:: python

from imagekit import ImageSpec
from imagekit.processors import ResizeToFill

class Thumbnail(ImageSpec):
    processors = [ResizeToFill(100, 50)]
    format = 'JPEG'
    options = {'quality': 60}

It's probably not surprising that this class is capable of processing an image in the exact same way as our ImageSpecField above. However, unlike with the image spec model field, this class doesn't define what source the spec is acting on, or what should be done with the result; that's up to you:

.. code-block:: python

source_file = open('/path/to/myimage.jpg', 'rb')
image_generator = Thumbnail(source=source_file)
result = image_generator.generate()

.. note::

You don't have to use ``open``! You can use whatever File-like object you
want—including a model's ``ImageField``.

The result of calling generate() on an image spec is a file-like object containing our resized image, with which you can do whatever you want. For example, if you wanted to save it to disk:

.. code-block:: python

dest = open('/path/to/dest.jpg', 'wb')
dest.write(result.read())
dest.close()

Using Specs In Templates ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

If you have a model with an ImageSpecField or ProcessedImageField, you can easily use those processed image just as you would a normal image field:

.. code-block:: html

<img src="https://github.com/matthewwithanm/django-imagekit/raw/develop/{{ profile.avatar_thumbnail.url }}" />

(This is assuming you have a view that's setting a context variable named "profile" to an instance of our Profile model.)

But you can also generate processed image files directly in your template—from any image—without adding anything to your model. In order to do this, you'll first have to define an image generator class (remember, specs are a type of generator) in your app somewhere, just as we did in the last section. You'll also need a way of referring to the generator in your template, so you'll need to register it.

.. code-block:: python

from imagekit import ImageSpec, register
from imagekit.processors import ResizeToFill

class Thumbnail(ImageSpec):
    processors = [ResizeToFill(100, 50)]
    format = 'JPEG'
    options = {'quality': 60}

register.generator('myapp:thumbnail', Thumbnail)

.. note::

You can register your generator with any id you want, but choose wisely!
If you pick something too generic, you could have a conflict with another
third-party app you're using. For this reason, it's a good idea to prefix
your generator ids with the name of your app. Also, ImageKit recognizes
colons as separators when doing pattern matching (e.g. in the generateimages
management command), so it's a good idea to use those too!

.. warning::

This code can go in any file you want—but you need to make sure it's loaded!
In order to keep things simple, ImageKit will automatically try to load an
module named "imagegenerators" in each of your installed apps. So why don't
you just save yourself the headache and put your image specs in there?

Now that we've created an image generator class and registered it with ImageKit, we can use it in our templates!

generateimage """""""""""""

The most generic template tag that ImageKit gives you is called "generateimage". It requires at least one argument: the id of a registered image generator. Additional keyword-style arguments are passed to the registered generator class. As we saw above, image spec constructors expect a source keyword argument, so that's what we need to pass to use our thumbnail spec:

.. code-block:: html

{% load imagekit %}

{% generateimage 'myapp:thumbnail' source=source_file %}

This will output the following HTML:

.. code-block:: html

<img src="https://github.com/matthewwithanm/django-imagekit/raw/develop/media/CACHE/images/982d5af84cddddfd0fbf70892b4431e4.jpg" width="100" height="50" />

You can also add additional HTML attributes; just separate them from your keyword args using two dashes:

.. code-block:: html

{% load imagekit %}

{% generateimage 'myapp:thumbnail' source=source_file -- alt="A picture of Me" id="mypicture" %}

Not generating HTML image tags? No problem. The tag also functions as an assignment tag, providing access to the underlying file object:

.. code-block:: html

{% load imagekit %}

{% generateimage 'myapp:thumbnail' source=source_file as th %}
<a href="https://github.com/matthewwithanm/django-imagekit/blob/develop/{{ th.url }}">Click to download a cool {{ th.width }} x {{ th.height }} image!</a>

thumbnail """""""""

Because it's such a common use case, ImageKit also provides a "thumbnail" template tag:

.. code-block:: html

{% load imagekit %}

{% thumbnail '100x50' source_file %}

Like the generateimage tag, the thumbnail tag outputs an tag:

.. code-block:: html

<img src="https://github.com/matthewwithanm/django-imagekit/raw/develop/media/CACHE/images/982d5af84cddddfd0fbf70892b4431e4.jpg" width="100" height="50" />

Comparing this syntax to the generateimage tag above, you'll notice a few differences.

First, we didn't have to specify an image generator id; unless we tell it otherwise, thumbnail tag uses the generator registered with the id "imagekit:thumbnail". It's important to note that this tag is not using the Thumbnail spec class we defined earlier; it's using the generator registered with the id "imagekit:thumbnail" which, by default, is imagekit.generatorlibrary.Thumbnail.

Second, we're passing two positional arguments (the dimensions and the source image) as opposed to the keyword arguments we used with the generateimage tag.

Like with the generateimage tag, you can also specify additional HTML attributes for the thumbnail tag, or use it as an assignment tag:

.. code-block:: html

{% load imagekit %}

{% thumbnail '100x50' source_file -- alt="A picture of Me" id="mypicture" %}
{% thumbnail '100x50' source_file as th %}

Using Specs in Forms ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

In addition to the model field above, there's also a form field version of the ProcessedImageField class. The functionality is basically the same (it processes an image once and saves the result), but it's used in a form class:

.. code-block:: python

from django import forms
from imagekit.forms import ProcessedImageField
from imagekit.processors import ResizeToFill

class ProfileForm(forms.Form):
    avatar_thumbnail = ProcessedImageField(spec_id='myapp:profile:avatar_thumbnail',
                                           processors=[ResizeToFill(100, 50)],
                                           format='JPEG',
                                           options={'quality': 60})

The benefit of using imagekit.forms.ProcessedImageField (as opposed to imagekit.models.ProcessedImageField above) is that it keeps the logic for creating the image outside of your model (in which you would use a normal Django ImageField). You can even create multiple forms, each with their own ProcessedImageField, that all store their results in the same image field.

Processors

So far, we've only seen one processor: imagekit.processors.ResizeToFill. But ImageKit is capable of far more than just resizing images, and that power comes from its processors.

Processors take a PIL image object, do something to it, and return a new one. A spec can make use of as many processors as you'd like, which will all be run in order.

.. code-block:: python

from imagekit import ImageSpec
from imagekit.processors import TrimBorderColor, Adjust

class MySpec(ImageSpec):
    processors = [
        TrimBorderColor(),
        Adjust(contrast=1.2, sharpness=1.1),
    ]
    format = 'JPEG'
    options = {'quality': 60}

The imagekit.processors module contains processors for many common image manipulations, like resizing, rotating, and color adjustments. However, if they aren't up to the task, you can create your own. All you have to do is define a class that implements a process() method:

.. code-block:: python

class Watermark(object):
    def process(self, image):
        # Code for adding the watermark goes here.
        return image

That's all there is to it! To use your fancy new custom processor, just include it in your spec's processors list:

.. code-block:: python

from imagekit import ImageSpec
from imagekit.processors import TrimBorderColor, Adjust
from myapp.processors import Watermark

class MySpec(ImageSpec):
    processors = [
        TrimBorderColor(),
        Adjust(contrast=1.2, sharpness=1.1),
        Watermark(),
    ]
    format = 'JPEG'
    options = {'quality': 60}

Note that when you import a processor from imagekit.processors, imagekit in turn imports the processor from PILKit_. So if you are looking for available processors, look at PILKit.

.. _PILKit: https://github.com/matthewwithanm/pilkit

Admin

ImageKit also contains a class named imagekit.admin.AdminThumbnail for displaying specs (or even regular ImageFields) in the Django admin change list_. AdminThumbnail is used as a property on Django admin classes:

.. code-block:: python

from django.contrib import admin
from imagekit.admin import AdminThumbnail
from .models import Photo

class PhotoAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('__str__', 'admin_thumbnail')
    admin_thumbnail = AdminThumbnail(image_field='thumbnail')

admin.site.register(Photo, PhotoAdmin)

To use specs defined outside of models:

.. code-block:: python

from django.contrib import admin
from imagekit.admin import AdminThumbnail
from imagekit import ImageSpec
from imagekit.processors import ResizeToFill
from imagekit.cachefiles import ImageCacheFile

from .models import Photo

class AdminThumbnailSpec(ImageSpec):
    processors = [ResizeToFill(100, 30)]
    format = 'JPEG'
    options = {'quality': 60 }

def cached_admin_thumb(instance):
    # `image` is the name of the image field on the model
    cached = ImageCacheFile(AdminThumbnailSpec(instance.image))
    # only generates the first time, subsequent calls use cache
    cached.generate()
    return cached

class PhotoAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('__str__', 'admin_thumbnail')
    admin_thumbnail = AdminThumbnail(image_field=cached_admin_thumb)

admin.site.register(Photo, PhotoAdmin)

AdminThumbnail can even use a custom template. For more information, see imagekit.admin.AdminThumbnail.

.. _Django admin change list: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/intro/tutorial02/#customize-the-admin-change-list

Management Commands

ImageKit has one management command—generateimages—which will generate cache files for all of your registered image generators. You can also pass it a list of generator ids in order to generate images selectively.

Community

Please use the GitHub issue tracker <https://github.com/matthewwithanm/django-imagekit/issues> to report bugs with django-imagekit. A mailing list <https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/django-imagekit> also exists to discuss the project and ask questions, as well as the official #imagekit <irc://irc.freenode.net/imagekit>_ channel on Freenode.

Contributing

We love contributions! And you don't have to be an expert with the library—or even Django—to contribute either: ImageKit's processors are standalone classes that are completely separate from the more intimidating internals of Django's ORM. If you've written a processor that you think might be useful to other people, open a pull request so we can take a look!

You can also check out our list of open, contributor-friendly issues__ for ideas.

Check out our contributing guidelines_ for more information about pitching in with ImageKit.

_ https://github.com/matthewwithanm/django-imagekit/issues?labels=contributor-friendly&state=open .. contributing guidelines: https://github.com/matthewwithanm/django-imagekit/blob/develop/CONTRIBUTING.rst