Currently available Monero blockchain explorers have several limitations which are of special importance to privacy-oriented users:
In this example, these limitations are addressed by development of an Onion Monero Blockchain Explorer. The example not only shows how to use Monero C++ libraries, but also demonstrates how to use:
Clearnet versions:
Testnet version:
Stagenet version:
i2p users (main Monero network):
Tor versions:
Alternative block explorers:
The key features of the Onion Monero Blockchain Explorer are:
Current development branch:
Note: devel branch of the explorer follows master branch of the monero!
To download and compile recent Monero follow instructions in the following link:
https://github.com/moneroexamples/monero-compilation/blob/master/README.md
Once the Monero compiles, the explorer can be downloaded and compiled as follows:
# go to home folder if still in ~/monero
cd ~
# download the source code
git clone https://github.com/moneroexamples/onion-monero-blockchain-explorer.git
# enter the downloaded sourced code folder
cd onion-monero-blockchain-explorer
# make a build folder and enter it
mkdir build && cd build
# create the makefile
cmake ..
# compile
makeTo run it:
./xmrblocksBy default it will look for blockchain in its default location i.e., ~/.bitmonero/lmdb.
You can use -b option if its in different location.
For example:
./xmrblocks -b /home/mwo/non-default-monero-location/lmdb/Example output:
[mwo@arch onion-monero-blockchain-explorer]$ ./xmrblocks
2016-May-28 10:04:49.160280 Blockchain initialized. last block: 1056761, d0.h0.m12.s47 time ago, current difficulty: 1517857750
(2016-05-28 02:04:49) [INFO ] Crow/0.1 server is running, local port 8081Go to your browser: http://127.0.0.1:8081
The explorer can also be compiled using docker build as described below. By default it compiles
against latest release (release-v0.17) branch of monero:
# build using all CPU cores
docker build --no-cache -t xmrblocks .
# alternatively, specify number of cores to use (e.g. 2)
docker build --no-cache --build-arg NPROC=2 -t xmrblocks .
# to build against development branch of monero (i.e. master branch)
docker build --no-cache --build-arg NPROC=3 --build-arg MONERO_BRANCH=master -t xmrblocks .To run it, mount the monero blockchain onto the container as volume.
# either run in foreground
docker run -it -v <path-to-monero-blockckain-on-the-host>:/home/monero/.bitmonero -p 8081:8081 xmrblocks
# or in background
docker run -it -d -v <path-to-monero-blockchain-on-the-host>:/home/monero/.bitmonero -p 8081:8081 xmrblocksExample output:
docker run --rm -it -v /mnt/w7/bitmonero:/home/monero/.bitmonero -p 8081:8081 xmrblocks
Staring in non-ssl mode
(2020-04-20 16:20:00) [INFO ] Crow/0.1 server is running at 0.0.0.0:8081 using 1 threadsThe explorer can also be built and run using Docker Compose, i.e.:
version: '3'
services:
monerod:
image: sethsimmons/simple-monerod:latest
restart: unless-stopped
container_name: monerod
volumes:
- xmrdata:/home/monero/.bitmonero
ports:
- 18080:18080
- 18089:18089
depends_on:
- explore
command:
- "--rpc-restricted-bind-ip=0.0.0.0"
- "--rpc-restricted-bind-port=18089"
- "--public-node"
- "--no-igd"
- "--enable-dns-blocklist"
explore:
image: xmrblocks:latest
build: ./onion-monero-blockchain-explorer
container_name: explore
restart: unless-stopped
volumes:
- xmrdata:/home/monero/.bitmonero
ports:
- 8081:8081
command: ["./xmrblocks --daemon-url=monerod:18089 --enable-json-api --enable-autorefresh-option --enable-emission-monitor --enable-pusher"]
volumes:
xmrdata:To build this image, run the following:
git clone https://github.com/moneroexamples/onion-monero-blockchain-explorer.git
docker-compose buildOr build and run in one step via:
git clone https://github.com/moneroexamples/onion-monero-blockchain-explorer.git
docker-compose up -dWhen running via Docker, please use something like Traefik or enable SSL to secure communications.
xmrblocks, Onion Monero Blockchain Explorer:
-h [ --help ] [=arg(=1)] (=0) produce help message
-t [ --testnet ] [=arg(=1)] (=0) use testnet blockchain
-s [ --stagenet ] [=arg(=1)] (=0) use stagenet blockchain
--enable-pusher [=arg(=1)] (=0) enable signed transaction pusher
--enable-mixin-details [=arg(=1)] (=0)
enable mixin details for key images,
e.g., timescale, mixin of mixins, in tx
context
--enable-key-image-checker [=arg(=1)] (=0)
enable key images file checker
--enable-output-key-checker [=arg(=1)] (=0)
enable outputs key file checker
--enable-json-api [=arg(=1)] (=0) enable JSON REST api
--enable-as-hex [=arg(=1)] (=0) enable links to provide hex
represtations of a tx and a block
--enable-autorefresh-option [=arg(=1)] (=0)
enable users to have the index page on
autorefresh
--enable-emission-monitor [=arg(=1)] (=0)
enable Monero total emission monitoring
thread
-p [ --port ] arg (=8081) default explorer port
-x [ --bindaddr ] arg (=0.0.0.0) default bind address for the explorer
--testnet-url arg you can specify testnet url, if you run
it on mainnet or stagenet. link will
show on front page to testnet explorer
--stagenet-url arg you can specify stagenet url, if you
run it on mainnet or testnet. link will
show on front page to stagenet explorer
--mainnet-url arg you can specify mainnet url, if you run
it on testnet or stagenet. link will
show on front page to mainnet explorer
--no-blocks-on-index arg (=10) number of last blocks to be shown on
index page
--mempool-info-timeout arg (=5000) maximum time, in milliseconds, to wait
for mempool data for the front page
--mempool-refresh-time arg (=5) time, in seconds, for each refresh of
mempool state
-c [ --concurrency ] arg (=0) number of threads handling http
queries. Default is 0 which means it is
based you on the cpu
-b [ --bc-path ] arg path to lmdb folder of the blockchain,
e.g., ~/.bitmonero/lmdb
--ssl-crt-file arg path to crt file for ssl (https)
functionality
--ssl-key-file arg path to key file for ssl (https)
functionality
-d [ --daemon-url ] arg (=http:://127.0.0.1:18081)
Monero daemon url
--daemon-login arg Specify username[:password] for daemon
RPC client
--enable-mixin-guess [=arg(=1)] (=0) enable guessing real outputs in keyExample usage, defined as bash aliases.
# for mainnet explorer
alias xmrblocksmainnet='~/onion-monero-blockchain-explorer/build/xmrblocks --port 8081 --testnet-url "http://139.162.32.245:8082" --enable-pusher --enable-emission-monitor'
# for testnet explorer
alias xmrblockstestnet='~/onion-monero-blockchain-explorer/build/xmrblocks -t --port 8082 --mainnet-url "http://139.162.32.245:8081" --enable-pusher --enable-emission-monitor'Example usage when running via Docker:
# Run in foreground
docker run -it -v <path-to-monero-blockckain-on-the-host>:/home/monero/.bitmonero -p 8081:8081 xmrblocks "./xmrblocks --daemon-url=node.sethforprivacy.com:18089 --enable-json-api --enable-autorefresh-option --enable-emission-monitor --enable-pusher"
# Run in background
docker run -it -d -v <path-to-monero-blockchain-on-the-host>:/home/monero/.bitmonero -p 8081:8081 xmrblocks "./xmrblocks --daemon-url=node.sethforprivacy.com:18089 --enable-json-api --enable-autorefresh-option --enable-emission-monitor --enable-pusher"Make sure to always start the portion of command line flags with ./xmrblocks and set any flags you would like after that, as shown above.
Obtaining current Monero emission amount is not straight forward. Thus, by default it is
disabled. To enable it use --enable-emission-monitor flag, e.g.,
xmrblocks --enable-emission-monitorThis flag will enable emission monitoring thread. When started, the thread
will initially scan the entire blockchain, and calculate the cumulative emission based on each block.
Since it is a separate thread, the explorer will work as usual during this time.
Every 10000 blocks, the thread will save current emission in a file, by default,
in ~/.bitmonero/lmdb/emission_amount.txt. For testnet or stagenet networks,
it is ~/.bitmonero/testnet/lmdb/emission_amount.txt or ~/.bitmonero/stagenet/lmdb/emission_amount.txt. This file is used so that we don't
need to rescan entire blockchain whenever the explorer is restarted. When the
explorer restarts, the thread will first check if ~/.bitmonero/lmdb/emission_amount.txt
is present, read its values, and continue from there if possible. Subsequently, only the initial
use of the thread is time consuming. Once the thread scans the entire blockchain, it updates
the emission amount using new blocks as they come. Since the explorer writes this file, there can
be only one instance of it running for mainnet, testnet and stagenet. Thus, for example, you can't have
two explorers for mainnet
running at the same time, as they will be trying to write and read the same file at the same time,
leading to unexpected results. Off course having one instance for mainnet and one instance for testnet
is fine, as they write to different files.
When the emission monitor is enabled, information about current emission of coinbase and fees is displayed on the front page, e.g., :
Monero emission (fees) is 14485540.430 (52545.373) as of 1313448 blockThe values given, can be checked using Monero daemon's print_coinbase_tx_sum command.
For example, for the above example: print_coinbase_tx_sum 0 1313449.
To disable the monitor, simply restart the explorer without --enable-emission-monitor flag.
By default, the explorer does not use ssl. But it has such a functionality.
As an example, you can generate your own ssl certificates as follows:
cd /tmp # example folder
openssl genrsa -out server.key 1024
openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr
openssl x509 -req -days 3650 -in server.csr -signkey server.key -out server.crtHaving the crt and key files, run xmrblocks in the following way:
./xmrblocks --ssl-crt-file=/tmp/server.crt --ssl-key-file=/tmp/server.keyNote: Because we generated our own certificate, modern browsers will complain about it as they can't verify the signatures against any third party. So probably for any practical use need to have properly issued ssl certificates.
The explorer has JSON api. For the API, it uses conventions defined by JSend.
By default the api is disabled. To enable it, use --enable-json-api flag, e.g.,
./xmrblocks --enable-json-apicurl -w "\n" -X GET "http://127.0.0.1:8081/api/transaction/6093260dbe79fd6277694d14789dc8718f1bd54457df8bab338c2efa3bb0f03d"Partial results shown:
{
"data": {
"block_height": 1268252,
"coinbase": false,
"confirmations": 1057855,
"current_height": 2326107,
"extra": "01be23e277aed6b5f41f66b05244bf994c13108347366ec678ae16657f0fc3a22b",
"inputs": [
{
"amount": 0,
"key_image": "67838fd0ffd79f13e735830d3ec60412aed59e53e1f997feb6f73d088b949611",
"mixins": [
{
"block_no": 1238623,
"public_key": "0a5b853c55303c10e1326acfb085b9e246e088b1ccac7e37f7a810d46a28a914",
"tx_hash": "686555fb053dd53f6f9eb79449e2bdcd377221f823f508158d70d4a1966fe955"
},
{
"block_no": 1246942,
"public_key": "527cf86f5abbfb006c970f7c6eb40493786d4751306f8985c6a43f98a88c0dff",
"tx_hash": "4fa1999f9e0d2ad031dbe5594f2e8336651b6cad19dd3cee7980a01c47600f91"
}
]
}
],
"mixin": 9,
"outputs": [
{
"amount": 0,
"public_key": "525779873776e4a42f517fd79b72e7c31c3ba03e730fc32287f6414fb702c1d7"
},
{
"amount": 0,
"public_key": "e25f00fceb77af841d780b68647618812695b4ca6ebe338faba6e077f758ac30"
}
],
"payment_id": "",
"payment_id8": "",
"rct_type": 1,
"timestamp": 1489753456,
"timestamp_utc": "2017-03-17 12:24:16",
"tx_fee": 12517785574,
"tx_hash": "6093260dbe79fd6277694d14789dc8718f1bd54457df8bab338c2efa3bb0f03d",
"tx_size": 13323,
"tx_version": 2,
"xmr_inputs": 0,
"xmr_outputs": 0
},
"status": "success"
}
Transactions in last 25 blocks
curl -w "\n" -X GET "http://127.0.0.1:8081/api/transactions"Partial results shown:
{
"data": {
"blocks": [
{
"age": "33:16:49:53",
"height": 1268252,
"size": 105390000000000000,
"timestamp": 1489753456,
"timestamp_utc": "2017-03-17 12:24:16",
"txs": [
{
"coinbase": true,
"mixin": 0,
"outputs": 8491554678365,
"rct_type": 0,
"tx_fee": 0,
"tx_hash": "7c4286f64544568265bb5418df84ae69afaa3567749210e46f8340c247f4803f",
"tx_size": 151000000000000,
"tx_version": 2
},
{
"coinbase": false,
"mixin": 5,
"outputs": 0,
"rct_type": 2,
"tx_fee": 17882516700,
"tx_hash": "2bfbccb918ee5f050808dd040ce03943b7315b81788e9cdee59cf86b557ba48c",
"tx_size": 19586000000000000,
"tx_version": 2
}
]
}
],
"limit": 25,
"page": 0
},
"status": "success"
}curl -w "\n" -X GET "http://127.0.0.1:8081/api/transactions?page=2&limit=10"Result analogical to the one above.
curl -w "\n" -X GET "http://139.162.32.245:8081/api/block/1293257"Partial results shown:
{
"data": {
"block_height": 1293257,
"block_reward": 0,
"current_height": 1293264,
"hash": "9ef6bb8f9b8bd253fc6390e5c2cdc45c8ee99fad16447437108bf301fe6bd6e1",
"size": 141244,
"timestamp": 1492761974,
"timestamp_utc": "2017-04-21 08:06:14",
"txs": [
{
"coinbase": true,
"extra": "018ae9560eb85d5ebd22d3beaed55c21d469eab430c5e3cac61b3fe2f5ad156770020800000001a9030800",
"mixin": 0,
"payment_id": "",
"payment_id8": "",
"rct_type": 0,
"tx_fee": 0,
"tx_hash": "3ff71b65bec34c9261e01a856e6a03594cf0472acf6b77db3f17ebd18eaa30bf",
"tx_size": 95,
"tx_version": 2,
"xmr_inputs": 0,
"xmr_outputs": 8025365394426
}
]
},
"status": "success"
}Return all txs in the mempool.
curl -w "\n" -X GET "http://127.0.0.1:8081/api/mempool"Partial results shown:
{
"data": {
"limit": 100000000,
"page": 0,
"total_page_no": 0,
"txs": [
{
"coinbase": false,
"extra": "022100325f677d96f94155a4840a84d8e0c905f7a4697a25744633bcb438feb1e51fb2012eda81bf552c53c2168f4130dbe0265c3a7898f3a7eee7c1fed955a778167b5d",
"mixin": 3,
"payment_id": "325f677d96f94155a4840a84d8e0c905f7a4697a25744633bcb438feb1e51fb2",
"payment_id8": "",
"rct_type": 2,
"timestamp": 1494470894,
"timestamp_utc": "2017-05-11 02:48:14",
"tx_fee": 15894840000,
"tx_hash": "9f3374f8ac67febaab153eab297937a3d0d2c706601e496bf5028146da0c9aef",
"tx_size": 13291,
"tx_version": 2,
"xmr_inputs": 0,
"xmr_outputs": 0
}
],
"txs_no": 7
},
"status": "success"
}Limit of 100000000 is just default value above to ensure that all mempool txs are fetched if no specific limit given.
Return number of newest mempool txs, e.g., only 10.
curl -w "\n" -X GET "http://127.0.0.1:8081/api/mempool?limit=10"Result analogical to the one above.
curl -w "\n" -X GET "http://127.0.0.1:8081/api/search/1293669"Partial results shown:
{
"data": {
"block_height": 1293669,
"current_height": 1293670,
"hash": "5d55b8fabf85b0b4c959d66ad509eb92ddfe5c2b0e84e1760abcb090195c1913",
"size": 118026,
"timestamp": 1492815321,
"timestamp_utc": "2017-04-21 22:55:21",
"title": "block",
"txs": [
{
"coinbase": true,
"extra": "01cb7fda09033a5fa06dc601b9295ef3790397cf3c645e958e34cf7ab699d2f5230208000000027f030200",
"mixin": 0,
"payment_id": "",
"payment_id8": "",
"rct_type": 0,
"tx_fee": 0,
"tx_hash": "479ba432f5c88736b438dd4446a11a13046a752d469f7828151f5c5b86be4e9a",
"tx_size": 95,
"tx_version": 2,
"xmr_inputs": 0,
"xmr_outputs": 7992697599717
}
]
},
"status": "success"
}For txprove=0 we check which outputs belong to given address and corresponding viewkey.
For txprove=1 we use to prove to the recipient that we sent them founds.
For this, we use recipient's address and our tx private key as a viewkey value,
i.e., viewkey=<tx_private_key>
Checking outputs:
# we use here official Monero project's donation address as an example
curl -w "\n" -X GET "http://127.0.0.1:8081/api/outputs?txhash=17049bc5f2d9fbca1ce8dae443bbbbed2fc02f1ee003ffdd0571996905faa831&address=44AFFq5kSiGBoZ4NMDwYtN18obc8AemS33DBLWs3H7otXft3XjrpDtQGv7SqSsaBYBb98uNbr2VBBEt7f2wfn3RVGQBEP3A&viewkey=f359631075708155cc3d92a32b75a7d02a5dcf27756707b47a2b31b21c389501&txprove=0"{
"data": {
"address": "42f18fc61586554095b0799b5c4b6f00cdeb26a93b20540d366932c6001617b75db35109fbba7d5f275fef4b9c49e0cc1c84b219ec6ff652fda54f89f7f63c88",
"outputs": [
{
"amount": 34980000000000,
"match": true,
"output_idx": 0,
"output_pubkey": "35d7200229e725c2bce0da3a2f20ef0720d242ecf88bfcb71eff2025c2501fdb"
},
{
"amount": 0,
"match": false,
"output_idx": 1,
"output_pubkey": "44efccab9f9b42e83c12da7988785d6c4eb3ec6e7aa2ae1234e2f0f7cb9ed6dd"
}
],
"tx_hash": "17049bc5f2d9fbca1ce8dae443bbbbed2fc02f1ee003ffdd0571996905faa831",
"tx_prove": false,
"viewkey": "f359631075708155cc3d92a32b75a7d02a5dcf27756707b47a2b31b21c389501"
},
"status": "success"
}Proving transfer:
We use recipient's address (i.e. not our address from which we sent xmr to recipient).
For the viewkey, we use tx_private_key (although the GET variable is still called viewkey) that we obtained by sending this txs.
# this is for testnet transaction
curl -w "\n" -X GET "http://127.0.0.1:8082/api/outputs?txhash=94782a8c0aa8d8768afa0c040ef0544b63eb5148ca971a024ac402cad313d3b3&address=9wUf8UcPUtb2huK7RphBw5PFCyKosKxqtGxbcKBDnzTCPrdNfJjLjtuht87zhTgsffCB21qmjxjj18Pw7cBnRctcKHrUB7N&viewkey=e94b5bfc599d2f741d6f07e3ab2a83f915e96fb374dfb2cd3dbe730e34ecb40b&txprove=1"{
"data": {
"address": "71bef5945b70bc0a31dbbe6cd0bd5884fe694bbfd18fff5f68f709438554fb88a51b1291e378e2f46a0155108782c242cc1be78af229242c36d4f4d1c4f72da2",
"outputs": [
{
"amount": 1000000000000,
"match": true,
"output_idx": 0,
"output_pubkey": "c1bf4dd020b5f0ab70bd672d2f9e800ea7b8ab108b080825c1d6cfc0b7f7ee00"
},
{
"amount": 0,
"match": false,
"output_idx": 1,
"output_pubkey": "8c61fae6ada2a103565dfdd307c7145b2479ddb1dab1eaadfa6c34db65d189d5"
}
],
"tx_hash": "94782a8c0aa8d8768afa0c040ef0544b63eb5148ca971a024ac402cad313d3b3",
"tx_prove": true,
"viewkey": "e94b5bfc599d2f741d6f07e3ab2a83f915e96fb374dfb2cd3dbe730e34ecb40b"
},
"status": "success"
}Result analogical to the one above.
curl -w "\n" -X GET "http://127.0.0.1:8081/api/networkinfo"{
"data": {
"alt_blocks_count": 0,
"block_size_limit": 600000,
"cumulative_difficulty": 2091549555696348,
"difficulty": 7941560081,
"fee_per_kb": 303970000,
"grey_peerlist_size": 4991,
"hash_rate": 66179667,
"height": 1310423,
"incoming_connections_count": 0,
"outgoing_connections_count": 5,
"start_time": 1494822692,
"status": "OK",
"target": 120,
"target_height": 0,
"testnet": false,
"top_block_hash": "76f9e85d62415312758bc09e0b9b48fd2b005231ad1eee435a8081e551203f82",
"tx_count": 1219048,
"tx_pool_size": 2,
"white_peerlist_size": 1000
},
"status": "success"
}Search for our outputs in last few blocks (up to 5 blocks), using provided address and viewkey.
# testnet address
curl -w "\n" -X GET http://127.0.0.1:8081/api/outputsblocks?address=9sDyNU82ih1gdhDgrqHbEcfSDFASjFgxL9B9v5f1AytFUrYsVEj7bD9Pyx5Sw2qLk8HgGdFM8qj5DNecqGhm24Ce6QwEGDi&viewkey=807079280293998634d66e745562edaaca45c0a75c8290603578b54e9397e90a&limit=5&mempool=1Example result:
{
"data": {
"address": "0182d5be0f708cecf2b6f9889738bde5c930fad846d5b530e021afd1ae7e24a687ad50af3a5d38896655669079ad0163b4a369f6c852cc816dace5fc7792b72f",
"height": 960526,
"limit": "5",
"mempool": true,
"outputs": [
{
"amount": 33000000000000,
"block_no": 0,
"in_mempool": true,
"output_idx": 1,
"output_pubkey": "2417b24fc99b2cbd9459278b532b37f15eab6b09bbfc44f9d17e15cd25d5b44f",
"payment_id": "",
"tx_hash": "9233708004c51d15f44e86ac1a3b99582ed2bede4aaac6e2dd71424a9147b06f"
},
{
"amount": 2000000000000,
"block_no": 960525,
"in_mempool": false,
"output_idx": 0,
"output_pubkey": "9984101f5471dda461f091962f1f970b122d4469077aed6b978a910dc3ed4576",
"payment_id": "0000000000000055",
"tx_hash": "37825d0feb2e96cd10fa9ec0b990ac2e97d2648c0f23e4f7d68d2298996acefd"
},
{
"amount": 96947454120000,
"block_no": 960525,
"in_mempool": false,
"output_idx": 1,
"output_pubkey": "e4bded8e2a9ec4d41682a34d0a37596ec62742b28e74b897fcc00a47fcaa8629",
"payment_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001234",
"tx_hash": "4fad5f2bdb6dbd7efc2ce7efa3dd20edbd2a91640ce35e54c6887f0ee5a1a679"
}
],
"viewkey": "807079280293998634d66e745562edaaca45c0a75c8290603578b54e9397e90a"
},
"status": "success"
}curl -w "\n" -X GET "http://127.0.0.1:8081/api/emission"{
"data": {
"blk_no": 1313969,
"coinbase": 14489473877253413000,
"fee": 52601974988641130
},
"status": "success"
}Emission only works when the emission monitoring thread is enabled.
curl -w "\n" -X GET "http://127.0.0.1:8081/api/version"{
"data": {
"api": 65536,
"blockchain_height": 1357031,
"git_branch_name": "update_to_current_monero",
"last_git_commit_date": "2017-07-25",
"last_git_commit_hash": "a549f25",
"monero_version_full": "0.10.3.1-ab594cfe"
},
"status": "success"
}api number is store as uint32_t. In this case 65536 represents
major version 1 and minor version 0.
In JavaScript to get these numbers, one can do as follows:
var api_major = response.data.api >> 16;
var api_minor = response.data.api & 0xffff;Return raw json block data, as represented in Monero.
curl -w "\n" -X GET "http://139.162.32.245:8081/api/rawblock/1293257"Example result not shown.
Return raw json tx data, as represented in Monero.
curl -w "\n" -X GET "http://139.162.32.245:8081/api/rawtransaction/6093260dbe79fd6277694d14789dc8718f1bd54457df8bab338c2efa3bb0f03d"Example result not shown.
Other examples can be found on github. Please know that some of the examples/repositories are not finished and may not work as intended.
Constructive criticism, code and website edits are always good. They can be made through github.