Pixel Intensity Comparison-based Object detection (pico)

This repository contains the code for real-time face detection. Check out a demo video at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1lXfm-PZz0Q to get the better idea.

The pico framework is a modifcation of the standard Viola-Jones method. The basic idea is to scan the image with a cascade of binary classifers at all reasonable positions and scales. An image region is classifed as an object of interest if it successfully passes all the members of the cascade. Each binary classifier consists of an ensemble of decision trees with pixel intensity comparisons as binary tests in their internal nodes. This enables the detector to process image regions at very high speed. The details are given in http://arxiv.org/abs/1305.4537.

Some highlights of pico are:

• high processing speed;
• there is no need for image preprocessing prior to detection;
• there is no need for the computation of integral images, image pyramid, HOG pyramid or any other similar data structure;
• all binary tests in internal nodes of the trees are based on the same feature type (not the case in the V-J framework);
• the method can easily be modified for fast detection of in-plane rotated objects.

It can be said that the main limitation of pico is also its simplicity: pico should be avoided when there is a large variation in appearance of the object class. This means, for example, that pico should not be used for detecting pedestrians. Large, modern convolutional neural networks are suitable for such cases.

However, pico can be used for simple object classes (e.g., faces or templates) when real-time performance is desired.

Detecting objects in images and videos

The folder rnt/ contains all the needed resources to perform object detection in images and video streams with pre-trained classification cascades. Specifically, sample applications that perform face detection can be found in the folder rnt/samples/.

Note that the library also enables the detection of rotated objects without the need of image resampling or classification cascade retraining. This is achieved by rotating the binary tests in internal tree nodes, as described in the paper.

Embedding the runtime within your application

To use the runtime in your own application, you have to:

• Include a prototype of find_objects(...) in your code (for example, by adding #include picornt.h)
• Compile picornt.c with your code
• Load/include a classification cascade generated with picolrn (e.g., rnt/cascades/facefinder)
• Invoke find_objects(...) with appropriate parameters

Notice that there are no specific library dependencies, i.e., the code can be compiled out-of-the-box with a standard C compiler.

To get a feel for how the library works, we recommend that you look at rnt/samples/native/sample.c as is was specifically written to be used as documentation.

Learning custom object detectors

The program picolrn.c (available in the folder gen/) enables you to learn your own (custom) object detectors. The training data has to be provided in a specific format. The details are printed to the standard output when picolrn is invoked without parameters. It is often convenient to pipe this information into a text file:

$ ./picolrn > howto.txt

A tutorial that guides you through the process of learning a face detector can be found in the folder gen/sample/.

Citation

If you use the provided code/binaries for your work, please cite the following paper:

N. Markus, M. Frljak, I. S. Pandzic, J. Ahlberg and R. Forchheimer, "Object Detection with Pixel Intensity Comparisons Organized in Decision Trees", http://arxiv.org/abs/1305.4537

Contact

For any additional information contact me at nenad.markus@fer.hr.

Copyright (c) 2013, Nenad Markus. All rights reserved.