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Land Registry Application using Ethereum Blockchain

2020300016 Parth Gujarathi 2020300040 Kartik Menon 2020300052 Jai Patel 2021301075 Srushti Patil

Title : Land Registry System with blockchain

Tech Stack: ● Node : Used for the backend of the system. ● React : A frontend library used to make the user interface of the system. ● Ethereum : Ethereum blockchain used to write the smart contracts for storing the land registry data. ● Ipfs: The InterPlanetary File System is a protocol, hypermedia and file sharing peer-to-peer network for storing and sharing data in a distributed file system. ● Solidity : Solidity language is used to write the smart contracts ● Ganache : It is used to set up the blockchain accounts

Introduction: Introducing a revolutionary approach to land registry systems, our project harnesses the power of blockchain technology to redefine property ownership and management. By leveraging the inherent security, transparency, and immutability of blockchain, we aim to create an unalterable record of land titles, transactions, and ownership history. Our system offers an innovative solution to the challenges plaguing traditional registries, ensuring an incorruptible ledger that not only safeguards property rights but also streamlines processes for stakeholders involved in real estate transactions. With a focus on transparency, efficiency, and trust, our blockchain-based land registry system represents a pivotal shift towards a more reliable and accessible framework for property management.

Methodology:

1. Design Architecture: Describe the Ethereum blockchain, its backend (Node.js), its frontend (React), its smart contracts in Solidity, IPFS for file storage, and Ganache for local blockchain development in a thorough system architecture.Create the database structure needed to hold information about land.
2. Solidity-Based Smart Contract Development: To handle land registry functions including registration, ownership transfer, and verification, create Solidity smart contracts. Provide features for land registration, ownership transfers, land detail queries, and IPFS hash linking for document storage.
3. Configuring Ganache and the Ethereum Blockchain: For development purposes, set up and launch a local Ethereum blockchain with Ganache. Install the smart contracts on the local blockchain and use ethers.js or web3.js to communicate with them.
4. Developing Backends with Node.js Build a backend server with Node.js to manage frontend and backend interactions.Create APIs to manage user authentication, communicate with smart contracts, and perform data processing operations.
5. Frontend Development with React: Utilizing React, create and design the user interface (UI) that allows users to communicate with the land registry system. Put in place user interface elements for document verification, ownership transfers, land registration, and details viewing.
6. Integration with IPFS for Document Storage: Integrate IPFS to store files and documents pertaining to land in an immutable, decentralized manner. Provide features for uploading, retrieving, and linking documents to blockchain-stored land records.
7. Blockchain Account Management with Ganache: Create blockchain accounts with Ganache for development and testing needs. Provide account management and creation features so users can communicate safely with the blockchain.

Experimental Setup: ● Setup Tools: Install Node.js, npm, Truffle, Ganache, and React.js for backend, smart contract development, local blockchain, and frontend. ● Smart Contracts: Develop Solidity smart contracts using Truffle, defining land registry functionalities like ownership, transfer, and verification. ● Local Blockchain: Configure Ganache, deploy smart contracts, and interact with them using Metamask or an Ethereum wallet for testing. ● Backend Development: Create a Node.js server to handle interactions between the frontend and Ethereum blockchain via APIs. ● Frontend with React: Develop a user interface using React.js for land registration, viewing details, and document upload. ● IPFS Integration: Integrate IPFS for decentralized document storage, enabling upload, retrieval, and association with land records. Result Analysis and Discussion: The outcome analysis validates the land registry DApp's strong functionality, demonstrating how well-executed smart contracts handle land registration, ownership transfer, and document storage. The React.js-developed user interface is incredibly dynamic and intuitive, allowing users to interact with it in a seamless manner across a range of functions. Ganache's integration with the Ethereum blockchain continues to be dependable, reliably processing transactions and keeping a steady connection with blockchain accounts like Metamask. Furthermore, the IPFS integration effectively decentralizes document storage by providing reliable document retrieval and document connection with blockchain data. A small security audit found and quickly fixed weaknesses in smart contracts and APIs, despite performance tests showing excellent scalability and consistent response times. The main suggestions are on improving user feedback methods, optimizing error handling, and investigating integration. Utilizing Ethereum networks at industrial scale for practical implementation. Upcoming development plans include feature additions, continuing security reviews, and performance enhancements.

Conclusion: The land registry DApp's development and testing have shown that it is dependable when managing land-related transactions, has an intuitive user interface, and interacts with the Ethereum blockchain and IPFS for decentralized document storage. The effective implementation of smart contracts, in conjunction with user-friendly interfaces and expandable capabilities, establishes a robust basis for practical use. Minor security flaws can be fixed, and future advancements can be brought into compliance with industry standards to create a flexible, efficient, and safe land registry system that can grow with the needs of stakeholders in the dynamic real estate market.

References:

1. Mougayar, W. (2016). The Business Blockchain: Promise, Practice, and Application of the Next Internet Technology. Wiley.
2. Ethereum Documentation. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/
3. Solidity Documentation. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/v0.8.10/ 4. IPFS Documentation. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://docs.ipfs.io/
4. "Blockchain Technology for Land Administration" by Duran, M., & Soler, A. J. (2018)
5. "Blockchain Technology for the Management of Land Titles and Land Registries" by Mora, M., & Sicilia, M. Á. (2018)
6. "Securing Land Registration using blockchain ” by krishnapriya S and Greeshma Sarath