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scrapy / scrapely

A pure-python HTML screen-scraping library
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======== Scrapely

.. image:: https://api.travis-ci.org/scrapy/scrapely.svg?branch=master :target: https://travis-ci.org/scrapy/scrapely

Scrapely is a library for extracting structured data from HTML pages. Given some example web pages and the data to be extracted, scrapely constructs a parser for all similar pages.

Overview

Scrapinghub wrote a nice blog post explaining how scrapely works and how it's used in Portia.

.. _blog post: https://blog.scrapinghub.com/2016/07/07/scrapely-the-brains-behind-portia-spiders/ .. _Portia: http://portia.readthedocs.io/

Installation

Scrapely works in Python 2.7 or 3.3+. It requires numpy and w3lib Python packages.

To install scrapely on any platform use::

pip install scrapely

If you're using Ubuntu (9.10 or above), you can install scrapely from the Scrapy Ubuntu repos. Just add the Ubuntu repos as described here: http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/ubuntu.html

And then install scrapely with::

aptitude install python-scrapely

Usage (API)

Scrapely has a powerful API, including a template format that can be edited externally, that you can use to build very capable scrapers.

What follows is a quick example of the simplest possible usage, that you can run in a Python shell.

Start by importing and instantiating the Scraper class::

>>> from scrapely import Scraper
>>> s = Scraper()

Then, proceed to train the scraper by adding some page and the data you expect to scrape from there (note that all keys and values in the data you pass must be strings)::

>>> url1 = 'http://pypi.python.org/pypi/w3lib/1.1'
>>> data = {'name': 'w3lib 1.1', 'author': 'Scrapy project', 'description': 'Library of web-related functions'}
>>> s.train(url1, data)

Finally, tell the scraper to scrape any other similar page and it will return the results::

>>> url2 = 'http://pypi.python.org/pypi/Django/1.3'
>>> s.scrape(url2)
[{u'author': [u'Django Software Foundation <foundation at djangoproject com>'],
  u'description': [u'A high-level Python Web framework that encourages rapid development and clean, pragmatic design.'],
  u'name': [u'Django 1.3']}]

That's it! No xpaths, regular expressions, or hacky python code.

Usage (command line tool)

There is also a simple script to create and manage Scrapely scrapers.

It supports a command-line interface, and an interactive prompt. All commands supported on interactive prompt are also supported in the command-line interface.

To enter the interactive prompt type the following without arguments::

python -m scrapely.tool myscraper.json

Example::

$ python -m scrapely.tool myscraper.json
scrapely> help

Documented commands (type help <topic>):
========================================
a  al  s  ta  td  tl

scrapely>

To create a scraper and add a template::

scrapely> ta http://pypi.python.org/pypi/w3lib/1.1
[0] http://pypi.python.org/pypi/w3lib/1.1

This is equivalent as typing the following in one command::

python -m scrapely.tool myscraper.json ta http://pypi.python.org/pypi/w3lib/1.1

To list available templates from a scraper::

scrapely> tl
[0] http://pypi.python.org/pypi/w3lib/1.1

To add a new annotation, you usually test the selection criteria first::

scrapely> t 0 w3lib 1.1
[0] u'<h1>w3lib 1.1</h1>'
[1] u'<title>Python Package Index : w3lib 1.1</title>'

You can also quote the text, if you need to specify an arbitrary number of spaces, for example::

scrapely> t 0 "w3lib 1.1"

You can refine by position. To take the one in position [0]::

scrapely> a 0 w3lib 1.1 -n 0
[0] u'<h1>w3lib 1.1</h1>'

To annotate some fields on the template::

scrapely> a 0 w3lib 1.1 -n 0 -f name
[new] (name) u'<h1>w3lib 1.1</h1>'
scrapely> a 0 Scrapy project -n 0 -f author
[new] u'<span>Scrapy project</span>'

To list annotations on a template::

scrapely> al 0
[0-0] (name) u'<h1>w3lib 1.1</h1>'
[0-1] (author) u'<span>Scrapy project</span>'

To scrape another similar page with the already added templates::

scrapely> s http://pypi.python.org/pypi/Django/1.3
[{u'author': [u'Django Software Foundation'], u'name': [u'Django 1.3']}]

Tests

tox_ is the preferred way to run tests. Just run: tox from the root directory.

Support

Scrapely is created and maintained by the Scrapy group, so you can get help through the usual support channels described in the Scrapy community_ page.

Architecture

Unlike most scraping libraries, Scrapely doesn't work with DOM trees or xpaths so it doesn't depend on libraries such as lxml or libxml2. Instead, it uses an internal pure-python parser, which can accept poorly formed HTML. The HTML is converted into an array of token ids, which is used for matching the items to be extracted.

Scrapely extraction is based upon the Instance Based Learning algorithm [1] and the matched items are combined into complex objects (it supports nested and repeated objects), using a tree of parsers, inspired by A Hierarchical Approach to Wrapper Induction [2].

.. [1] Yanhong Zhai , Bing Liu, Extracting Web Data Using Instance-Based Learning, World Wide Web, v.10 n.2, p.113-132, June 2007 <http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1265174>_

.. [2] Ion Muslea , Steve Minton , Craig Knoblock, A hierarchical approach to wrapper induction, Proceedings of the third annual conference on Autonomous Agents, p.190-197, April 1999, Seattle, Washington, United States <http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=301191>_

Known Issues

The training implementation is currently very simple and is only provided for references purposes, to make it easier to test Scrapely and play with it. On the other hand, the extraction code is reliable and production-ready. So, if you want to use Scrapely in production, you should use train() with caution and make sure it annotates the area of the page you intended.

Alternatively, you can use the Scrapely command line tool to annotate pages, which provides more manual control for higher accuracy.

How does Scrapely relate to Scrapy_?

Despite the similarity in their names, Scrapely and Scrapy are quite different things. The only similarity they share is that they both depend on w3lib, and they are both maintained by the same group of developers (which is why both are hosted on the same Github account_).

Scrapy is an application framework for building web crawlers, while Scrapely is a library for extracting structured data from HTML pages. If anything, Scrapely is more similar to BeautifulSoup or lxml than Scrapy.

Scrapely doesn't depend on Scrapy nor the other way around. In fact, it is quite common to use Scrapy without Scrapely, and viceversa.

If you are looking for a complete crawler-scraper solution, there is (at least) one project called Slybot_ that integrates both, but you can definitely use Scrapely on other web crawlers since it's just a library.

Scrapy has a builtin extraction mechanism called selectors_ which (unlike Scrapely) is based on XPaths.

License

Scrapely library is licensed under the BSD license.

.. _Scrapy: http://scrapy.org/ .. _w3lib: https://github.com/scrapy/w3lib .. _BeautifulSoup: http://www.crummy.com/software/BeautifulSoup/ .. _lxml: http://lxml.de/ .. _same Github account: https://github.com/scrapy .. _slybot: https://github.com/scrapy/slybot .. _selectors: http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/selectors.html .. _nose: http://readthedocs.org/docs/nose/en/latest/ .. _scrapy@freenode: http://webchat.freenode.net/?channels=scrapy .. _Scrapy community: http://scrapy.org/community/ .. _tox: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/tox