Apitest

Apitest is declarative api testing tool with JSON-like DSL.

Read this in other languages: 中文

Apitest
- Installation
- Get Started
- Features
- JSONA DSL
- Data Is Assertion
- Data Is Accessable
- Support Mock
- Support Mixin
- CI Support
- TDD Support
- User-defiend Functions
- Skip, Delay, Retry & Loop
- Form, File Upload, GraphQL
- Annotation
- @module
- @jslib
- @mixin
- @client
- @describe
- @group
- @eval
- @mock
- @file
- @trans
- @every
- @some
- @partial
- @type
- @optional
- @nullable
- Run
- Skip
- Delay
- Retry
- Loop
- Dump
- Client
- Echo
- Http
  - Options
  - Cookies
  - x-www-form-urlencoded
  - multipart/form-data
  - graphql
- Cli
- Multiple Test Environments
- Normal Mode
- CI Mode

Installation

Binaries are available in Github Releases. Make sure to put the path to the binary into your PATH.

# linux
curl -L -o apitest https://github.com/sigoden/apitest/releases/latest/download/apitest-linux 
chmod +x apitest
sudo mv apitest /usr/local/bin/

# macos
curl -L -o apitest https://github.com/sigoden/apitest/releases/latest/download/apitest-macos
chmod +x apitest
sudo mv apitest /usr/local/bin/

# npm
npm install -g @sigodenjs/apitest

Get Started

Write test file httpbin.jsona

{
  test1: {
    req: {
      url: "https://httpbin.org/post",
      method: "post",
      headers: {
        'content-type':'application/json',
      },
      body: {
        v1: "bar1",
        v2: "Bar2",
      },
    },
    res: {
      status: 200,
      body: { @partial
        json: {
          v1: "bar1",
          v2: "bar2"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

Run test

apitest httpbin.jsona

main
   test1 (0.944) ✘
   main.test1.res.body.json.v2: bar2 ≠ Bar2

   ...

The use case test failed. From the error message printed by Apitest, you can see that the actual value of main.test1.res.body.json.v2 is Bar2 instead of bar2.

After we modify bar2 to Bar2, execute Apitest again

apitest httpbin.jsona

main
   test1 (0.930) ✔

Features

JSONA DSL

Use JSON-like DSL to write tests. The document is the test.

{
  test1: { @describe("user login")
    req: {
      url: 'http://localhost:3000/login'
      method: 'post',
      body: {
        user: 'jason',
        pass: 'a123456,
      }
    },
    res: {
      status: 200
      body: {
        user: 'jason',
        token: '', @type
        expireIn: 0, @type
      }
    }
  }
}

According to the above use case, I don't need to elaborate, an experienced backend should be able to guess what parameters are passed by this api and what data is returned by the server.

The working principle of Apitest is to construct the request according to the description in the req part and send it to the backend. After receiving the response data from the backend, verify the data according to the description in the res part.

Please don't be scared by DSL. In fact, it is JSON, which loosens some grammatical restrictions (double quotes are not mandatory, comments are supported, etc.), and only one feature is added: comments. In the above example, @describe, @type is Annotation.

Click jsona/spec to view the JSONA specification

By the way, there is a vscode extension supports DSL (jsona) format.

Why use JSONA?

The essence of api testing is to construct and send req data, and receive and verify res data. Data is both the main body and the core, and JSON is the most readable and universal data description format. Api testing also requires some specific logic. For example, a random number is constructed in the request, and only part of the data given in the response is checked.

JSONA = JSON + Annotation. JSON is responsible for the data part, and annotations are responsible for the logic part. Perfectly fit the interface test requirements.

Data Is Assertion

How to understand? See below.

{
  "foo1": 3,
  "foo2": ["a", "b"],
  "foo3": {
    "a": 3,
    "b": 4
  }
}

Assuming that the response data is as above, the test case is as follows:

{
  test1: {
    req: {
    },
    res: {
      body: {
        "foo1": 3,
        "foo2": ["a", "b"],
        "foo3": {
          "a": 3,
          "b": 4
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

That's right, it's exactly the same. Apitest will compare each part of the data one by one. Any inconsistency will cause the test to fail.

The strategy provided by conventional testing tools is addition. This is very important and I just add an assertion. In Apitest, you can only do subtraction. This data is not concerned. I actively ignore or relax the verification.

For example, the previous test case

{
  test1: { @describe("user login")
    ...
    res: {
      body: {
        user: 'jason',
        token: '', @type
        expireIn: 0, @type
      }
    }
  }
}

We still checked all the fields. Because the values of token and expireIn are changed, we use @type to tell Apitest to only check the type of the field and ignore the specific value.

Data Is Accessable

Any data of the test case can be testd by subsequent test cases

The following test cases can use all the data of the previous test cases.

{
  test1: { @describe("user login")
    ...
    res: {
      body: {
        token: '', @type
      }
    }
  },
  test2: { @describe("create article")
    req: {
      headers: {
        // We access the response data of the previous test case test1.
        authorization: `"Bearer " + test1.res.body.token`, @eval
      },
    }
  },
}

Support Mock

With Mock, no longer entangled in fabricating data, Seee @mock

Support Mixin

Use Mixin skillfully, get rid of copy and paste. See @mixin

CI Support

As a command line tool itself, it is very easy to integrate with the back-end ci. And apitest also provides the --ci option to optimize ci.

TDD Support

You can even write only the req part, and after the api has a response, paste the response data directly as the res part. Talk of experience 🐶

In the default mode (not ci), when Apitest encounters a failed test, it will print an error and exit. Apitest has cached test data. You can repeatedly execute wrong test cases, develop and test at the same time, and then enter the follow-up test until you get through.

At the same time, you can also select a test case to execute through the --only option.

User-defiend Functions

You don't need to use this function at all. But I still worry about the need in certain extreme or corner scenes, so I still support it.

Apitest allows users to write custom functions through js to construct request data or verify response data. (Dare to call it a cross-programming language? 🐶), See @jslib

Skip, Delay, Retry & Loop

See #Run

Form, File Upload, GraphQL

See #Http

Annotation

Apitest uses JSONA format to describe test cases.

JSON describes data and annotation describes logic.

@module

Import submodule

scope: entrypoint file

// main.jsona
{
  @module("mod1")
}

// mod1.jsona
{
  test1: {
    req: {
    }
  }
}

@jslib

Import user-defined functions

scope: entrypoint file

Write functions lib.js

// Make random color e.g. #34FFFF
exports.makeColor = function () {
  const letters = '0123456789ABCDEF';
  let color = '#';
  for (let i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
    color += letters[Math.floor(Math.random() * 16)];
  }
  return color;
}

// Detect date in ISO8601(e.g. 2021-06-02:00:00.000Z) format
exports.isDate = function (date) {
  return /^\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}T\d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2}\.\d{3}Z$/.test(date)
}

Use functions

@jslib("lib") // Import js files

{
   test1: {
     req: {
       body: {
        // call the `makeColor` function to generate random colors
        color:'makeColor()', @eval 
       }
     },
     res: {
       body: {
        // $ indicates the field to be verified, here is `res.body.createdAt`
        createdAt:'isDate($)', @eval

        // Of course you can use regex directly
        updatedAt: `/^\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}T\d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2}\.\d{3}Z$/ .test($)`, @eval
       }
     }
   }
}

@mixin

Import mixin file

scope: entrypoint file, group/unit head

First create a file to store the file defined by Mixin

{
  createPost: { // Extract routing information to mixin
    req: {
      url: '/posts',
      method: 'post',
    },
  },
  auth1: { // Extract authorization
    req: {
      headers: {
        authorization: `"Bearer " + test1.res.body.token`, @eval
      }
    }
  }
}

@mixin("mixin") // include mixin.jsona
{
    createPost1: { @describe("create article 1") @mixin(["createPost", "auth1"])
        req: {
            body: {
                title: "sentence", @mock
            }
        }
    },
    createPost2: { @describe("create article 2，with description") @mixin(["createPost", "auth1"])
        req: {
            body: {
                title: "sentence", @mock
                description: "paragraph", @mock
            }
        }
    },
}

The more frequently used part, the more suitable it is to be extracted to Mixin.

@client

Setup clients

scope: entrypoint file, group/unit head

Client is responsible for constructing a request according to req, sending it to the server, receiving the response from the server, and constructing res response data.

{
  @client({
    name: "apiv1",
    kind: "http",
    options: {
      baseURL: "http://localhost:3000/api/v1",
      timeout: 30000,
    }
  })
  @client({
    name: "apiv2",
    kind: "http",
    options: {
      baseURL: "http://localhost:3000/api/v2",
      timeout: 30000,
    }
  })
  test1: { @client("apiv1") 
    req: {
      url: "/posts" // 使用apiv1客户端，所以请求路径是  http://localhost:3000/api/v1/posts
    }
  },
  test2: { @client({name:"apiv2",options:{timeout:30000}})
    req: {
      url: "/key" // 使用apiv2客户端，所以请求路径是 http://localhost:3000/api/v2/posts
    }
  },
}

@describe

Give a title

scope: module file, group/unit head

{
  @client({name:"default",kind:"echo"})
  @describe("This is a module")
  group1: { @group @describe("This is a group")
    test1: { @describe("A unit in group")
      req: {
      }
    },
    group2: { @group @describe("This is a nested group")
      test1: { @describe("A unit in nested group")
        req: {
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

It will be printed as follows

This is a module
  This is a group
    A unit in group ✔
    This is a nested group
      A unit in nested group ✔

If the @description is removed, it will be printed as follows

main
  group1
    test1 ✔
    group2
      test1 ✔

@group

Mark as case group

scope: group head

The test cases in the group will inherit the group's @client and @mixin. The group also supports Run.

{
  group1: { @group @mixin("auth1") @client("apiv1")
    test1: {

    },
    // The mixin of the use case and the mixin of the group will be merged into @mixin(["route1","auth1"])
    test2: { @mixin("route1") 

    },
    // The client of the use case will overwrite the client of the group
    test3: { @client("echo") 

    },
    group2: { @group // nest group

    },
    run: {

    }
  }
}

@eval

Use js expr to generate data (in req) and verify data(in res)

scope: unit block

@eval features:

can use js builtin functions
can use jslib functions
can access environment variables
can use the data from the previous test

{
  test1: { @client("echo")
    req: {
      v1: "JSON.stringify({a:3,b:4})", @eval // Use JS built-in functions
      v2: `
        let x = 3;
        let y = 4;
        x + y
        `, @eval  // Support code block
      v3: "env.FOO", @eval // Access environment variables
      v4: 'mod1.test1.res.body.id`, @eval // Access the data of the previous test
    }
  }
}

@eval in res part with additional features:

$ repersent response data in the position
return value true means that the verification passed
if the return value is not of type bool, the return value and the response data will be checked for congruent matching

{
  rest2: {
    res: {
      v1: "JSON.parse($).a === 3",  @eval // $ is `res.v1`
      v2: "true", @eval // true force test passed
      v4: 'mod1.test1.res.body.id`, @eval // return value congruent matching
    }
  }
}

@eval accessing use case data with elision

{
  test1: {
    req: {
      v1: 3,
    },
    res: {
      v1: "main.test1.req.v1", @eval
   // v1:      "test1.req.v1", @eval
   // v1:            "req.v1", @eval
    }
  }
}

@mock

Use mock function to generate data

scope: unit req block

Apitest supports nearly 40 mock functions. For a detailed list, see fake-js

{
  test1: {
    req: {
      email: 'email', @mock
      username: 'username', @mock
      integer: 'integer(-5, 5)', @mock
      image: 'image("200x100")', @mock
      string: 'string("alpha", 5)', @mock
      date: 'date', @mock  // iso8601 format // 2021-06-03T07:35:55Z
      date1: 'date("yyyy-mm-dd HH:MM:ss")' @mock // 2021-06-03 15:35:55
      date2: 'date("unix")', @mock // unix epoch 1622705755
      date3: 'date("","3 hours 15 minutes")', @mock 
      date4: 'date("","2 weeks ago")', @mock 
      ipv6: 'ipv6', @mock
      sentence: 'sentence', @mock
      cnsentence: 'cnsentence', @mock 
    }
  }
}

@file

Use file

scope: unit req block

{
  test1: {
    req: {
      headers: {
        'content-type': 'multipart/form-data',
      },
      body: {
        field: 'my value',
        file: 'bar.jpg', @file // upload file `bar.jpg`
      }
    },
  }
}

@trans

Transform data

scope: unit block

{
  test1: { @client("echo")
    req: {
      v1: { @trans(`JSON.stringify($)`)
        v1: 1,
        v2: 2,
      }
    },
    res: {
      v1: `{"v1":1,"v2":2}`,
    }
  },
  test2: { @client("echo")
    req: {
      v1: `{"v1":1,"v2":2}`,
    },
    res: {
      v2: { @trans(`JSON.parse($)`)
        v1: 1,
        v2: 2,
      }
    }
  }
}

@every

A set of assertions are passed before the test passes

scope: unit res block

{
  test1: { @client("echo")
    req: {
      v1: "integer(1, 10)", @mock
    },
    res: {
      v1: [ @every
        "$ > -1", @eval
        "$ > 0", @eval
      ]
    }
  }

}

@some

If one of a set of assertions passes, the test passes

scope: unit res block

{
  test1: { @client("echo")
    req: {
      v1: "integer(1, 10)", @mock
    },
    res: {
      v1: [ @some
        "$ > -1", @eval
        "$ > 10", @eval
      ]
    }
  }
}

@partial

Mark only partial verification instead of congruent verification

scope: unit res block

{
  test1: { @client("echo")
    req: {
      v1: 2,
      v2: "a",
    },
    res: { @partial
      v1: 2,
    }
  },
  test2: { @client("echo")
    req: {
      v1: [
        1,
        2
      ]
    },
    res: {
      v1: [ @partial
        1
      ]
    }
  }
}

@type

Mark only verifies the type of data

scope: unit res block

{
  test1: { @client("echo")
    req: {
      v1: null,
      v2: true,
      v3: "abc",
      v4: 12,
      v5: 12.3,
      v6: [1, 2],
      v7: {a:3,b:4},
    },
    res: {
      v1: null, @type
      v2: false, @type
      v3: "", @type
      v4: 0, @type
      v5: 0.0, @type
      v6: [], @type
      v7: {}, @type
    }
  },
}

@optional

Marker field is optional

scope: unit res block

{
  test1: { @client("echo")
    req: {
      v1: 3,
      // v2: 4, optional field
    },
    res: {
      v1: 3,
      v2: 4, @optional
    }
  }
}

@nullable

Marker field can be null

scope: unit res block

{
  test1: { @client("echo")
    req: {
      v1: null,
      // v1: 3,
    },
    res: {
      v1: 3, @nullable
    }
  }
}

Run

In some scenarios, use cases may not need to be executed, or they may need to be executed repeatedly. It is necessary to add a run option to support this feature.

Skip

{
  test1: { @client("echo")
    req: {
    },
    run: {
      skip: `mod1.test1.res.status === 200`, @eval
    }
  }
}

run.skip skip the test when true

Delay

Run the test case after waiting for a period of time

{
  test1: { @client("echo")
    req: {
    },
    run: {
      delay: 1000,
    }
  }
}

run.delay delay in ms

Retry

{
  test1: { @client("echo")
    req: {
    },
    run: {
      retry: {
        stop:'$run.count > 2', @eval
        delay: 1000,
      }
    },
  }
}

variables:

$run.count records the number of retries.

options:

run.retry.stop whether to stop retry
run.retry.delay interval between each retry (ms)

Loop

{
  test1: { @client("echo")
    req: {
      v1:'$run.index', @eval
      v2:'$run.item', @eval
    },
    run: {
      loop: {
        delay: 1000,
        items: [
          'a',
          'b',
          'c',
        ]
      }
    },
  }
}

variables:

$run.item current loop data
$run.index current loop data index

options:

run.loop.items iter pass to $run.item
run.loop.delay interval between each cycle (ms)

Dump

{
  test1: { @client("echo")
    req: {
    },
    run: {
      dump: true,
    }
  }
}

run.dump force print req/res data when true

Client

The req and res data structure of the test case is defined by the client

The client is responsible for constructing a request according to req, sending it to the server, receiving the response from the server, and constructing res response data.

If the test case does not use the @client annotation to specify a client, the client is the default.

If there is no default client defined in the entry file. Apitest will automatically insert @client({name:"default",kind:"http"}) with http as the default client

Apitest provides two kinds of clients.

Echo

The echo client does not send any request, and directly returns the data in the req part as the res data.

{
   test1: {@client("echo")
     req: {// Just fill in any data
     },
     res: {// equal to req
     }
   }
}

Http

http client handles http/https requests/responses.

{
  test1: { @client({options:{timeout: 10000}}) // Custom client parameters
    req: {
      url: "https://httpbin.org/anything/{id}", // request url
      // http methods, `post`, `get`, `delete`, `put`, `patch`
      method: "post",
      query: { // ?foo=v1&bar=v2
        foo: "v1",
        bar: "v2",
      },

      // url path params, `/anything/{id}` => `/anything/33`
      params: {
        id: 33, 
      },
      headers: {
        'x-key': 'v1'
      },
      body: { // request body
      }
    },
    res: {
      status: 200,
      headers: {
        'x-key': 'v1'
      },
      body: { // response body

      }
    }
  }
}

Options

{
  // `baseURL` will be prepended to `url` unless `url` is absolute.
  baseURL: '',
  // `timeout` specifies the number of milliseconds before the request times out.
  // If the request takes longer than `timeout`, the request will be aborted.
  timeout: 0,
  // `maxRedirects` defines the maximum number of redirects to follow in node.js. 
  // If set to 0, no redirects will be followed.
  maxRedirects: 0,
  // `headers` is default request headers
  headers: {
  },
  // `proxy` configures http(s) proxy, you can also use HTTP_PROXY, HTTPS_PROXY 
  // environment variables
  proxy: "http://user:pass@localhost:8080"
}

Cookies

{
  test1: {
    req: {
      url: "https://httpbin.org/cookies/set",
      query: {
        k1: "v1",
        k2: "v2",
      },
    },
    res: {
      status: 302,
      headers: { @partial
        'set-cookie': [], @type
      },
      body: "", @type
    }
  },
  test2: {
    req: {
      url: "https://httpbin.org/cookies",
      headers: {
        Cookie: `test1.res.headers["set-cookie"]`, @eval
      }
    },
    res: {
      body: { @partial
        cookies: {
          k1: "v1",
          k2: "v2",
        }
      }
    },
  },
}

x-www-form-urlencoded

Add the request header "content-type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"

{
  test2: { @describe('test form')
    req: {
      url: "https://httpbin.org/post",
      method: "post",
      headers: {
        'content-type':"application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
      },
      body: {
        v1: "bar1",
        v2: "Bar2",
      }
    },
    res: {
      status: 200,
      body: { @partial
        form: {
          v1: "bar1",
          v2: "Bar2",
        }
      }
    }
  },
}

multipart/form-data

Add the request header "content-type": "multipart/form-data" Combined with @file annotation to implement file upload

{
  test3: { @describe('test multi-part')
    req: {
      url: "https://httpbin.org/post",
      method: "post",
      headers: {
        'content-type': "multipart/form-data",
      },
      body: {
        v1: "bar1",
        v2: "httpbin.jsona", @file
      }
    },
    res: {
      status: 200,
      body: { @partial
        form: {
          v1: "bar1",
          v2: "", @type
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

graphql

{
  vars: { @describe("share variables") @client("echo")
    req: {
      v1: 10,
    }
  },
  test1: { @describe("test graphql")
    req: {
      url: "https://api.spacex.land/graphql/",
      body: {
        query: `\`query {
  launchesPast(limit: ${vars.req.v1}) {
    mission_name
    launch_date_local
    launch_site {
      site_name_long
    }
  }
}\`` @eval
      }
    },
    res: {
      body: {
        data: {
          launchesPast: [ @partial
            {
              "mission_name": "", @type
              "launch_date_local": "", @type
              "launch_site": {
                "site_name_long": "", @type
              }
            }
          ]
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

Cli

usage: apitest [options] [target]

Options:
  -h, --help     Show help                                             [boolean]
  -V, --version  Show version number                                   [boolean]
      --ci       Whether to run in ci mode                             [boolean]
      --reset    Whether to continue with last case                    [boolean]
      --dry-run  Check syntax then print all cases                     [boolean]
      --env      Specific test enviroment like prod, dev                [string]
      --only     Run specific module/case                               [string]
      --dump     Force print req/res data                              [boolean]

Multiple Test Environments

Apitest supports multiple test environments, which can be specified by the --env option.

// Pre-release environment main.jsona
{
   @client({
     options: {
       url: "http://pre.example.com/api"
     }
   })
   @module("mod1")
}

// Local environment main.local.jsona
{
   @client({
     options: {
       url: "http://localhost:3000/api"
     }
   })
   @module("mod1")
   @module("mod2") // Only local test module
}

# By default, tests/main.local.jsona is selected
apitest tests
# Select tests/main.local.jsona
apitest tests --env local

Apitest allows to specify main.jsona

apitest tests/main.jsona
apitest tests/main.local.jsona

Specify a specific main.jsona, you can still use the --env option

# Select tests/main.local.jsona
apitest tests/main.jsona --env local

Normal Mode

Start execution from the last failed test case, print error details and exit when encountering a failed test case
If there is option --reset, it will start from the beginning instead of where it failed last time
If there is the option --only mod1.test1, only the selected test case will be executed

CI Mode

Ignore the cache and execute the test case from scratch
Continue to execute the failed test case
After all test cases are executed, errors will be printed uniformly

sigoden / apitest

readme

Apitest

Installation

Get Started

Features

JSONA DSL

Data Is Assertion

Data Is Accessable

Support Mock

Support Mixin

CI Support

TDD Support

User-defiend Functions

Skip, Delay, Retry & Loop

Form, File Upload, GraphQL

Annotation

@module

@jslib

@mixin

@client

@describe

@group

@eval

@mock

@file

@trans

@every

@some

@partial

@type

@optional

@nullable

Run

Skip

Delay

Retry

Loop

Dump

Client

Echo

Http

Options

Cookies

x-www-form-urlencoded

multipart/form-data

graphql

Cli

Multiple Test Environments

Normal Mode

CI Mode