Dynamic Active Record

The yii2-dynamic-ar extension adds NoSQL-like documents to Yii 2 Framework's Active Record ORM.

Maria Dynamic Columns and PostgreSQL jsonb

Dynamic Columns in Maria 10.0+ and jsonb column types and functions in in PostgreSQL 9.4+ provide, in effect, a NoSQL document attached to every row of an SQL table. It's a powerful feature that allows you to do things that have been hard in relational DBs. Problems that might drive you to Couch or Mongo, or to commit a crime like EAV to your schema, can suddenly be easy when

records can have any number of attributes,
attribute names can be made up on the fly,
the dynamic attribute names don't appear in the schema,
dynamic attributes can be structured like an associative array.

Dynamic AR works for Maria now and will come to PostgreSQL in the future.

Example

An online shopping site has a table that stores info about each product.

CREATE TABLE product (
    id INT(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    sku VARCHAR(32),
    upc VARCHAR(32),
    title VARCHAR(255),
    price DECIMAL(9, 2),
    stock INT(11),
    details LONGBLOB NOT NULL
);

In this (simplistic) example, details will hold the Maria Dynamic Column blob and is declared in the model class by the dynamicColumn() method. Everything else in a Dynamic AR class declaration is familiar AR stuff.

class Product extends \spinitron\dynamicAr\DynamicActiveRecord
{
    public static function tableName()
    {
        return 'product';
    }

    public static function dynamicColumn()
    {
        return 'details';
    }
}

Now we can do all the normal AR things with Product but in addition we can read, write and update attributes not mentioned in the schema.

$product = new Product([
    'sku' => 5463,
    'upc' => '234569',
    'price' => 4.99,
    'title' => 'Clue-by-four',
    'description' => 'Used for larting lusers or constructing things',
    'dimensions' => [
        'unit' => 'inch',
        'width' => 4,
        'height' => 2,
        'length' => 20,
    ],
    'material' => 'wood',
]);
$product->save();

Think of the details table column as holding a serialized associative array. But unlike saving a JSON document in a text field, you can use dynamic attributes anywhere in your code, including in queries, just as you do with schema attributes. The differences are

Nested attributes use dotted notation, e.g. dimensions.length
Direct get and set of nested attributes on a model instance use the getAttribute() and setAttribute() methods because PHP doesn't allow dotted notation in identifiers.
When a dynamic attribute appears in a query, wrap it in bang-parens (! … !), e.g. (! dimensions.length !). (Space between attribute name and its bang-parens is optional so (!material!) is fine.)

For example

$model = new Product([
    'title' => 'Car',
    'specs.fuel.tank.capacity' => 50,
    'specs.fuel.tank.capacity.unit' => 'liter',
]);
$model->setAttribute('specs.wheels.count', 4);
$model = Product::find()->where(['(!dimensions.length!)' => 10]);
$section = Product::find()
    ->select('CONCAT((! dimensions.width !), " x ", (! dimensions.height !))')
    ->where(['id' => 11])
    ->one();

The dot notation works anywhere Yii accepts an attribute name string, for example

class Product extends \spinitron\dynamicAr\DynamicActiveRecord
{
    public function rules()
    {
        return [['dimensions.length', 'double', 'min' => 0.0]];
    }

    public function search($params)
    {
        $dataProvider = new \yii\data\ActiveDataProvider([
            'sort' => [
                'attributes' => [
                    'dimensions.length' => [
                        'asc' => ['(! dimensions.length !)' => SORT_DESC],
                        'desc' => ['(! dimensions.length !)' => SORT_ASC],
                    ],
                ],
            ],
            // ...
        ]);
    }
}

Design principle

DynamicActiveRecord adds a fourth to the three things that reading and writing AR model properties can do:

$model->foo accesses, if it exists, the instance variable $foo,
otherwise it accesses the column attribute foo, if the model's table has a column "foo",
otherwise it accesses the virtual attribute foo, if the model's class has magic getFoo() / setFoo() methods,
else $model->foo accesses a dynamic attribute named "foo".

So any attribute name that doesn't refer to one of the normal 3 kinds of AR model property (instance variable, column attribute, virtual attribute) is automatically a dynamic property as soon as you use it. There is no way to declare a dynamic property and you can only define one by writing to it.

And reading an attribute that doesn't exist returns null.

PHP null, SQL NULL and Maria

Maria does not encode a dynamic column set to SQL NULL:

SELECT COLUMN_CREATE('a', 1, 'b', null) = COLUMN_CREATE('a', 1)
>> 1

Thus if a table record currently has a dynamic column 'b' and Maria executes an update setting it to NULL then Maria removes 'b' from the record. (This makes sense if NULL has its conventional database meaning of 'data value does not exist.') So DynamicActiveRecord cannot possibly distinguish a NULL value from a dynamic column that doesn't exist after reading back from the DB.

In order to be consistent, DynamicActiveRecord always returns null when you read a dynamic attribute that hasn't been set, in contrast to ActiveRecord which throws an exception. But it also makes sense if null means 'does not exist' and given the design principle (above).

Questions, comments, issues

Use the issue tracker. Or you can easily find my email if you prefer.

tom-- / yii2-dynamic-ar

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