PDO-database-class

PHP PDO Wrapper which utilizes PDO and prepared statements

Initialization
Insert Query
Update Query
Select Query
Delete Query
Pagination
Running raw SQL queries
Query Keywords
Where Conditions
Order Conditions
Group Conditions
Properties Sharing
Joining Tables
Subqueries
EXISTS / NOT EXISTS condition
Has method
Helper Methods
Transaction Helpers
Error Helpers

Support Me

This software is developed during my free time and I will be glad if somebody will support me.

Everyone's time should be valuable, so please consider donating.

Installation

To utilize this class, first import PDODb.php into your project, and require it. PDODb requires PHP 5.5+ to work.

require_once ('PDODb.php');

Installation with composer

It is also possible to install library via composer

composer require tommyknocker/pdo-database-class

Initialization

Simple initialization with utf8 charset set by default:

$db = new PDODb('host', 'username', 'password', 'databaseName');

Advanced initialization:

$db = new PDODb(['type' => 'mysql',
                 'host' => 'host',
                 'username' => 'username', 
                 'password' => 'password',
                 'dbname'=> 'databaseName',
                 'port' => 3306,
                 'prefix' => 'my_',
                 'charset' => 'utf8']);

table prefix, port and database charset params are optional. If no charset should be set charset, set it to null

Also it is possible to reuse already connected pdo object:

$pdo = new PDO('mysql:dbname=test;host=localhost', 'user', 'password');
$db = new PDODb($pdo);

If no table prefix were set during object creation its possible to set it later with a separate call:

$db->setPrefix('my_');

If you need to get already created pdo object from another class or function use

    function init() {
        // db staying private here
        $db = new PDODb('type', 'host', 'username', 'password', 'databaseName');
    }
    ...
    function myfunс() {
        // obtain db object created in init()
        $db = PDODb::getInstance();
        ...
    }

Insert Query

Simple example

$data = ["login" => "admin",
         "firstName" => "John",
         "lastName" => 'Doe'
];
$id = $db->insert('users', $data);
if($id)
    echo 'user was created. Id=' . $id;

Insert with functions use

$data = [
    'login' => 'admin',
    'active' => true,
    'firstName' => 'John',
    'lastName' => 'Doe',
    'password' => $db->func('SHA1(?)',Array ("secretpassword+salt")),
    // password = SHA1('secretpassword+salt')
    'createdAt' => $db->now(),
    // createdAt = NOW()
    'expires' => $db->now('+1Y')
    // expires = NOW() + interval 1 year
    // Supported intervals [s]econd, [m]inute, [h]hour, [d]day, [M]onth, [Y]ear
];

$id = $db->insert('users', $data);
if ($id) {
    echo 'user was created. Id=' . $id;
} else {
    echo 'insert failed: ' . $db->getLastError();
}

Insert with on duplicate key update

$data = ["login" => "admin",
         "firstName" => "John",
         "lastName" => 'Doe',
         "createdAt" => $db->now(),
         "updatedAt" => $db->now(),
];
$updateColumns = ["updatedAt"];
$lastInsertId = "id";
$db->onDuplicate($updateColumns, $lastInsertId);
$id = $db->insert('users', $data);

Replace Query

Replace() method implements same API as insert();

Update Query

$data = ['firstName' => 'Bobby',
        'lastName' => 'Tables',
        'editCount' => $db->inc(2),
        // editCount = editCount + 2;
        'active' => $db->not()
        // active = !active;
];
$db->where('id', 1);
if ($db->update('users', $data)) {
    echo $db->getRowCount() . ' records were updated';
} else {
    echo 'update failed: ' . $db->getLastError();
}

update() also support limit parameter:

$db->update('users', $data, 10);
// Gives: UPDATE users SET ... LIMIT 10

Select Query

After any select/get function calls amount or returned rows is stored in $count variable

$users = $db->get('users'); //contains an Array of all users 
$users = $db->get('users', 10); //contains an Array 10 users

or select with custom columns set. Functions also could be used

$cols = ["id", "name", "email"];
$users = $db->get("users", null, $cols);
if ($users) {
    foreach ($users as $user) { 
        print_r ($user);
    }
}

or select just one row

$db->where("id", 1);
$user = $db->getOne("users");
echo $user['id'];

$stats = $db->getOne("users", "SUM(id), COUNT(*) as cnt");
echo "total ".$stats['cnt']. "users found";

or select one column value or function result

$count = $db->getValue("users", "COUNT(*)");
echo "{$count} users found";

select one column value or function result from multiple rows:

$logins = $db->getValue("users", "login", null);
// select login from users
$logins = $db->getValue("users", "login", 5);
// select login from users limit 5
foreach ($logins as $login) {
    echo $login;
}

You may use php 5.5+ generator feature with PDODb get(), rawQuery() methods just call useGenerator(true) method

Example:

$result = $db->useGenerator(true)->get('users'); // $result will contain Generator object
if($result->current()) {
    foreach($result as $row) {
        print_r($row);
    }
}

Pagination

Use paginate() instead of get() to fetch paginated result

$page = 1;
// set page limit to 2 results per page. 20 by default
$db->pageLimit = 2;
$products = $db->paginate("products", $page);
echo "showing $page out of " . $db->totalPages;

Defining a return type

To select a return type use setReturnType() method.

// Array return type
$= $db->getOne("users");
echo $u['login'];
// Object return type
$u = $db->setReturnType(PDO::FETCH_OBJ)->getOne("users");
echo $u->login;

Running raw SQL queries

$users = $db->rawQuery('SELECT * FROM users WHERE id >= ?', [10]);
foreach ($users as $user) {
    print_r($user);
}

$users = $db->rawQuery('SELECT * FROM users WHERE name=:name', ['name' => 'user1']);
foreach ($users as $user) {
    print_r($user);
}

To avoid long if checks there are couple helper functions to work with raw query select results:

Get 1 row of results:

$user = $db->rawQueryOne('SELECT * FROM users WHERE id=:id', [id => 10]);
echo $user['login'];
// Object return type
$user = $db->setReturnType(PDO::FETCH_OBJ)->rawQueryOne('SELECT * FROM users WHERE id=?', [10]);
echo $user->login;

Get 1 column value as a string:

$password = $db->rawQueryValue('SELECT password FROM users WHERE id=? LIMIT 1', [10]);
echo "Password is {$password}";
NOTE: for a rawQueryValue() to return string instead of an array 'limit 1' should be added to the end of the query.

Get 1 column value from multiple rows:

$logins = $db->rawQueryValue('SELECT login FROM users LIMIT 10');
foreach ($logins as $login) {
    echo $login;
}

More advanced examples:

$params = [1, 'admin'];
$users = $db->rawQuery("SELECT id, firstName, lastName FROM users WHERE id = ? AND login = ?", $params);
print_r($users); // contains Array of returned rows

// will handle any SQL query
$params = [10, 1, 10, 11, 2, 10];
$query = "(
    SELECT a FROM t1
        WHERE a = ? AND B = ?
        ORDER BY a LIMIT ?
) UNION (
    SELECT a FROM t2 
        WHERE a = ? AND B = ?
        ORDER BY a LIMIT ?
)";
$result = $db->rawQuery($query, $params);
print_r ($result); // contains array of returned rows

Where / Having Methods

where(), orWhere(), having() and orHaving() methods allows you to specify where and having conditions of the query. All conditions supported by where() are supported by having() as well.

WARNING: In order to use column to column comparisons only raw where conditions should be used as column name or functions cant be passed as a bind variable.

Regular == operator with variables:

$db->where('id', 1);
$db->where('login', 'admin');
$results = $db->get('users');
// Gives: SELECT * FROM users WHERE id=1 AND login='admin';

$db->where ('id', 1);
$db->having ('login', 'admin');
$results = $db->get ('users');
// Gives: SELECT * FROM users WHERE id=1 HAVING login='admin';

Regular == operator with column to column comparison:

// WRONG
$db->where('lastLogin', 'createdAt');
// CORRECT
$db->where('lastLogin = createdAt');
$results = $db->get('users');
// Gives: SELECT * FROM users WHERE lastLogin = createdAt;

$db->where('id', 50, ">=");
// or $db->where('id', ['>=' => 50]);
$results = $db->get('users');
// Gives: SELECT * FROM users WHERE id >= 50;

BETWEEN / NOT BETWEEN:

$db->where('id', [4, 20], 'BETWEEN');

$results = $db->get('users');
// Gives: SELECT * FROM users WHERE id BETWEEN 4 AND 20

IN / NOT IN:

$db->where('id', [1, 5, 27, -1, 'd'], 'IN');
$results = $db->get('users');
// Gives: SELECT * FROM users WHERE id IN (1, 5, 27, -1, 'd');

OR CASE

$db->where('firstName', 'John');
$db->orWhere('firstName', 'Peter');
$results = $db->get('users');
// Gives: SELECT * FROM users WHERE firstName='John' OR firstName='peter'

$db->where('firstName', 'John');
$db->orWhere('firstName', 'Peter');
$results = $db->get('users');
// Gives: SELECT * FROM users WHERE firstName='John' OR firstName='peter'

NULL comparison:

$db->where("lastName", NULL, 'IS NOT');
$results = $db->get("users");
// Gives: SELECT * FROM users where lastName IS NOT NULL

Also you can use raw where conditions:

$db->where("id != companyId");
$db->where("DATE(createdAt) = DATE(lastLogin)");
$results = $db->get("users");

Or raw condition with variables:

$db->where("(id = ? OR id = ?)", [6,2]);
$db->where("login","mike")
$res = $db->get ("users");
// Gives: SELECT * FROM users WHERE (id = 6 OR id = 2) AND login='mike';

Find the total number of rows matched. Simple pagination example:

$offset = 10;
$count = 15;
$users = $db->withTotalCount()->get('users', [$offset, $count]);
echo "Showing {$count} from {$db->totalCount}";

Query Keywords

To add LOW PRIORITY | DELAYED | HIGH PRIORITY | IGNORE and the rest of the mysql keywords to INSERT (), REPLACE (), GET (), UPDATE (), DELETE() method or FOR UPDATE | LOCK IN SHARE MODE into SELECT ():

$db->setQueryOption('LOW_PRIORITY')->insert($table, $param);
// GIVES: INSERT LOW_PRIORITY INTO table ...

$db->setQueryOption('FOR UPDATE')->get('users');
// GIVES: SELECT * FROM USERS FOR UPDATE;

Also you can use an array of keywords:

$db->setQueryOption(['LOW_PRIORITY', 'IGNORE'])->insert($table,$param);
// GIVES: INSERT LOW_PRIORITY IGNORE INTO table ...

Same way keywords could be used in SELECT queries as well:

$db->setQueryOption('SQL_NO_CACHE');
$db->get("users");
// GIVES: SELECT SQL_NO_CACHE * FROM USERS;

Optionally you can use method chaining to call where multiple times without referencing your object over an over:

$results = $db
    ->where('id', 1)
    ->where('login', 'admin')
    ->get('users');

Delete Query

$db->where('id', 1);
if($db->delete('users')) echo 'successfully deleted';

Ordering method

$db->orderBy("id","ASC");
$db->orderBy("login","DESC");
$db->orderBy("RAND ()");
$results = $db->get('users');
// Gives: SELECT * FROM users ORDER BY id ASC,login DESC, RAND ();

Order by values example:

$db->orderBy('userGroup', 'ASC', ['superuser', 'admin', 'users']);
$db->get('users');
// Gives: SELECT * FROM users ORDER BY FIELD (userGroup, 'superuser', 'admin', 'users') ASC;

If you are using setPrefix () functionality and need to use table names in orderBy() method make sure that table names are escaped with ``.

$db->setPrefix("t_");
$db->orderBy("users.id","ASC");
$results = $db->get('users');
// WRONG: That will give: SELECT * FROM t_users ORDER BY users.id ASC;

$db->setPrefix("t_");
$db->orderBy("`users`.id", "ASC");
$results = $db->get('users');
// CORRECT: That will give: SELECT * FROM t_users ORDER BY t_users.id ASC;

Grouping method

$db->groupBy("name");
$results = $db->get('users');
// Gives: SELECT * FROM users GROUP BY name;

Join table products with table users with LEFT JOIN by tenantID

JOIN method

$db->join("users u", "p.tenantID=u.tenantID", "LEFT");
$db->where("u.id", 6);
$products = $db->get("products p", null, "u.name, p.productName");
print_r($products);

Properties sharing

Its is also possible to copy properties

$db->where("agentId", 10);
$db->where("active", true);

$customers = $db->copy();
$res = $customers->get("customers", [10, 10]);
// SELECT * FROM customers where agentId = 10 and active = 1 limit 10, 10

$cnt = $db->getValue("customers", "COUNT(id)");
echo "total records found: " . $cnt;
// SELECT COUNT(id) FROM users WHERE agentId = 10 AND active = 1

Subqueries

Subquery init

Subquery init without an alias to use in inserts/updates/where Eg. (select * from users)

$sq = $db->subQuery();
$sq->get("users");

A subquery with an alias specified to use in JOINs . Eg. (select * from users) sq

$sq = $db->subQuery("sq");
$sq->get("users");

Subquery in selects:

$ids = $db->subQuery ();
$ids->where("qty", 2, ">");
$ids->get("products", null, "userId");

$db->where("id", $ids, 'in');
$res = $db->get("users");
// Gives SELECT * FROM users WHERE id IN (SELECT userId FROM products WHERE qty > 2)

Subquery in inserts:

$userIdQ = $db->subQuery ();
$userIdQ->where("id", 6);
$userIdQ->getOne("users", "name");

$data = ["productName" => "test product",
         "userId" => $userIdQ,
         "lastUpdated" => $db->now()
];
$id = $db->insert("products", $data);
// Gives INSERT INTO PRODUCTS (productName, userId, lastUpdated) values ("test product", (SELECT name FROM users WHERE id = 6), NOW());

Subquery in joins:

$usersQ = $db->subQuery("u");
$usersQ->where("active", 1);
$usersQ->get("users");

$db->join($usersQ, "p.userId=u.id", "LEFT");
$products = $db->get("products p", null, "u.login, p.productName");
print_r($products);
// SELECT u.login, p.productName FROM products p LEFT JOIN (SELECT * FROM t_users WHERE active = 1) u on p.userId=u.id;

EXISTS / NOT EXISTS condition

$sub = $db->subQuery();
$sub->where("company", 'testCompany');
$sub->get ("users", null, 'userId');
$db->where (null, $sub, 'EXISTS');
$products = $db->get ("products");
// Gives SELECT * FROM products WHERE EXISTS (select userId from users where company='testCompany')

Has method

A convenient function that returns TRUE if exists at least an element that satisfy the where condition specified calling the "where" method before this one.

$db->where("user", $user);
$db->where("password", md5($password));
if($db->has("users")) {
    return "You are logged";
} else {
    return "Wrong user/password";
}

Helper methods

Get last executed SQL query: Please note that function returns SQL query only for debugging purposes as its execution most likely will fail due missing quotes around char variables.

$db->get('users');
echo "Last executed query was ". $db->getLastQuery();

Check if table exists:

if ($db->tableExists('users')) {
    echo "hooray";
}

pdo::quote() wrapper:

$escaped = $db->escape("' and 1=1");

Transaction helpers

Please keep in mind that transactions are working on innoDB tables. Rollback transaction if insert fails:

$db->startTransaction();
...
if (!$db->insert('myTable', $insertData)) {
    //Error while saving, cancel new record
    $db->rollback();
} else {
    //OK
    $db->commit();
}

Error helpers

After you executed a query you have options to check if there was an error. You can get the MySQL error string or the error code for the last executed query.

$db->where('login', 'admin')->update('users', ['firstName' => 'Jack']);

if ($db->getLastErrNo() === 0) {
    echo 'Update succesfull';
} else {
    echo 'Update failed. Error: '. $db->getLastError();
}

tommyknocker / pdo-database-class

readme