h1. Elasticsearch
h2. A Distributed RESTful Search Engine
h3. "https://www.elastic.co/products/elasticsearch":https://www.elastic.co/products/elasticsearch
Elasticsearch is a distributed RESTful search engine built for the cloud. Features include:
h2. 安装使用
ES_HOME=elasticsearch
elasticsearch\bin\service.bat install
elasticsearch\bin\service.bat manager
elasticsearch\bin>plugin -l
Installed plugins:
- analysis-ik
- analysis-mmseg
- analysis-pinyin
- bigdesk
- head
- HQ
- inquisitor
- kopf
- license
- marvel
- paramedic
- river-mongodb
- segmentspy
- shield
- sql
- watcher
集成了shield插件,其初始用户名密码为admin/sysadmin。
h2. Getting Started
First of all, DON'T PANIC. It will take 5 minutes to get the gist of what Elasticsearch is all about.
h3. Requirements
You need to have a recent version of Java installed. See the "Setup":http://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/setup.html#jvm-version page for more information.
h3. Installation
h3. Indexing
Let's try and index some twitter like information. First, let's create a twitter user, and add some tweets (the @twitter@ index will be created automatically):
curl -XPUT 'http://localhost:9200/twitter/user/kimchy' -d '{ "name" : "Shay Banon" }'
curl -XPUT 'http://localhost:9200/twitter/tweet/1' -d '
{
"user": "kimchy",
"postDate": "2009-11-15T13:12:00",
"message": "Trying out Elasticsearch, so far so good?"
}'
curl -XPUT 'http://localhost:9200/twitter/tweet/2' -d '
{
"user": "kimchy",
"postDate": "2009-11-15T14:12:12",
"message": "Another tweet, will it be indexed?"
}'
Now, let's see if the information was added by GETting it:
curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/twitter/user/kimchy?pretty=true' curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/twitter/tweet/1?pretty=true' curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/twitter/tweet/2?pretty=true'
h3. Searching
Mmm search..., shouldn't it be elastic? Let's find all the tweets that @kimchy@ posted:
curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/twitter/tweet/_search?q=user:kimchy&pretty=true'
We can also use the JSON query language Elasticsearch provides instead of a query string:
curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/twitter/tweet/_search?pretty=true' -d '
{
"query" : {
"match" : { "user": "kimchy" }
}
}'
Just for kicks, let's get all the documents stored (we should see the user as well):
curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/twitter/_search?pretty=true' -d '
{
"query" : {
"matchAll" : {}
}
}'
We can also do range search (the @postDate@ was automatically identified as date)
curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/twitter/_search?pretty=true' -d '
{
"query" : {
"range" : {
"postDate" : { "from" : "2009-11-15T13:00:00", "to" : "2009-11-15T14:00:00" }
}
}
}'
There are many more options to perform search, after all, it's a search product no? All the familiar Lucene queries are available through the JSON query language, or through the query parser.
h3. Multi Tenant - Indices and Types
Maan, that twitter index might get big (in this case, index size == valuation). Let's see if we can structure our twitter system a bit differently in order to support such large amounts of data.
Elasticsearch supports multiple indices, as well as multiple types per index. In the previous example we used an index called @twitter@, with two types, @user@ and @tweet@.
Another way to define our simple twitter system is to have a different index per user (note, though that each index has an overhead). Here is the indexing curl's in this case:
curl -XPUT 'http://localhost:9200/kimchy/info/1' -d '{ "name" : "Shay Banon" }'
curl -XPUT 'http://localhost:9200/kimchy/tweet/1' -d '
{
"user": "kimchy",
"postDate": "2009-11-15T13:12:00",
"message": "Trying out Elasticsearch, so far so good?"
}'
curl -XPUT 'http://localhost:9200/kimchy/tweet/2' -d '
{
"user": "kimchy",
"postDate": "2009-11-15T14:12:12",
"message": "Another tweet, will it be indexed?"
}'
The above will index information into the @kimchy@ index, with two types, @info@ and @tweet@. Each user will get his own special index.
Complete control on the index level is allowed. As an example, in the above case, we would want to change from the default 5 shards with 1 replica per index, to only 1 shard with 1 replica per index (== per twitter user). Here is how this can be done (the configuration can be in yaml as well):
curl -XPUT http://localhost:9200/another_user/ -d '
{
"index" : {
"numberOfShards" : 1,
"numberOfReplicas" : 1
}
}'
Search (and similar operations) are multi index aware. This means that we can easily search on more than one index (twitter user), for example:
curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/kimchy,another_user/_search?pretty=true' -d '
{
"query" : {
"matchAll" : {}
}
}'
Or on all the indices:
curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/_search?pretty=true' -d '
{
"query" : {
"matchAll" : {}
}
}'
{One liner teaser}: And the cool part about that? You can easily search on multiple twitter users (indices), with different boost levels per user (index), making social search so much simpler (results from my friends rank higher than results from friends of my friends).
h3. Distributed, Highly Available
Let's face it, things will fail....
Elasticsearch is a highly available and distributed search engine. Each index is broken down into shards, and each shard can have one or more replica. By default, an index is created with 5 shards and 1 replica per shard (5/1). There are many topologies that can be used, including 1/10 (improve search performance), or 20/1 (improve indexing performance, with search executed in a map reduce fashion across shards).
In order to play with the distributed nature of Elasticsearch, simply bring more nodes up and shut down nodes. The system will continue to serve requests (make sure you use the correct http port) with the latest data indexed.
h3. Where to go from here?
We have just covered a very small portion of what Elasticsearch is all about. For more information, please refer to the "elastic.co":http://www.elastic.co/products/elasticsearch website.
h3. Building from Source
Elasticsearch uses "Maven":http://maven.apache.org for its build system.
In order to create a distribution, simply run the @mvn clean package -DskipTests@ command in the cloned directory.
The distribution will be created under @target/releases@.
See the "TESTING":TESTING.asciidoc file for more information about running the Elasticsearch test suite.
h3. Upgrading to Elasticsearch 1.x?
In order to ensure a smooth upgrade process from earlier versions of Elasticsearch (< 1.0.0), it is recommended to perform a full cluster restart. Please see the "setup reference":https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/setup-upgrade.html for more details on the upgrade process.
h1. License
This software is licensed under the Apache License, version 2 ("ALv2"), quoted below.
Copyright 2009-2015 Elasticsearch
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not
use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
the License.