valyala / fasthttp

Fast HTTP package for Go. Tuned for high performance. Zero memory allocations in hot paths. Up to 10x faster than net/http
MIT License
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fasthttp GoDoc Go Report

FastHTTP – Fastest and reliable HTTP implementation in Go

Fast HTTP implementation for Go.

fasthttp might not be for you!

fasthttp was designed for some high performance edge cases. Unless your server/client needs to handle thousands of small to medium requests per second and needs a consistent low millisecond response time fasthttp might not be for you. For most cases net/http is much better as it's easier to use and can handle more cases. For most cases you won't even notice the performance difference.

General info and links

Currently fasthttp is successfully used by VertaMedia in a production serving up to 200K rps from more than 1.5M concurrent keep-alive connections per physical server.

TechEmpower Benchmark round 19 results

Server Benchmarks

Client Benchmarks

Install

Documentation

Examples from docs

Code examples

Awesome fasthttp tools

Switching from net/http to fasthttp

Fasthttp best practices

Tricks with byte buffers

Related projects

FAQ

HTTP server performance comparison with net/http

In short, fasthttp server is up to 10 times faster than net/http. Below are benchmark results.

GOMAXPROCS=1

net/http server:

$ GOMAXPROCS=1 go test -bench=NetHTTPServerGet -benchmem -benchtime=10s
BenchmarkNetHTTPServerGet1ReqPerConn                     1000000         12052 ns/op        2297 B/op         29 allocs/op
BenchmarkNetHTTPServerGet2ReqPerConn                     1000000         12278 ns/op        2327 B/op         24 allocs/op
BenchmarkNetHTTPServerGet10ReqPerConn                    2000000          8903 ns/op        2112 B/op         19 allocs/op
BenchmarkNetHTTPServerGet10KReqPerConn                   2000000          8451 ns/op        2058 B/op         18 allocs/op
BenchmarkNetHTTPServerGet1ReqPerConn10KClients            500000         26733 ns/op        3229 B/op         29 allocs/op
BenchmarkNetHTTPServerGet2ReqPerConn10KClients           1000000         23351 ns/op        3211 B/op         24 allocs/op
BenchmarkNetHTTPServerGet10ReqPerConn10KClients          1000000         13390 ns/op        2483 B/op         19 allocs/op
BenchmarkNetHTTPServerGet100ReqPerConn10KClients         1000000         13484 ns/op        2171 B/op         18 allocs/op

fasthttp server:

$ GOMAXPROCS=1 go test -bench=kServerGet -benchmem -benchtime=10s
BenchmarkServerGet1ReqPerConn                           10000000          1559 ns/op           0 B/op          0 allocs/op
BenchmarkServerGet2ReqPerConn                           10000000          1248 ns/op           0 B/op          0 allocs/op
BenchmarkServerGet10ReqPerConn                          20000000           797 ns/op           0 B/op          0 allocs/op
BenchmarkServerGet10KReqPerConn                         20000000           716 ns/op           0 B/op          0 allocs/op
BenchmarkServerGet1ReqPerConn10KClients                 10000000          1974 ns/op           0 B/op          0 allocs/op
BenchmarkServerGet2ReqPerConn10KClients                 10000000          1352 ns/op           0 B/op          0 allocs/op
BenchmarkServerGet10ReqPerConn10KClients                20000000           789 ns/op           2 B/op          0 allocs/op
BenchmarkServerGet100ReqPerConn10KClients               20000000           604 ns/op           0 B/op          0 allocs/op

GOMAXPROCS=4

net/http server:

$ GOMAXPROCS=4 go test -bench=NetHTTPServerGet -benchmem -benchtime=10s
BenchmarkNetHTTPServerGet1ReqPerConn-4                       3000000          4529 ns/op        2389 B/op         29 allocs/op
BenchmarkNetHTTPServerGet2ReqPerConn-4                       5000000          3896 ns/op        2418 B/op         24 allocs/op
BenchmarkNetHTTPServerGet10ReqPerConn-4                      5000000          3145 ns/op        2160 B/op         19 allocs/op
BenchmarkNetHTTPServerGet10KReqPerConn-4                     5000000          3054 ns/op        2065 B/op         18 allocs/op
BenchmarkNetHTTPServerGet1ReqPerConn10KClients-4             1000000         10321 ns/op        3710 B/op         30 allocs/op
BenchmarkNetHTTPServerGet2ReqPerConn10KClients-4             2000000          7556 ns/op        3296 B/op         24 allocs/op
BenchmarkNetHTTPServerGet10ReqPerConn10KClients-4            5000000          3905 ns/op        2349 B/op         19 allocs/op
BenchmarkNetHTTPServerGet100ReqPerConn10KClients-4           5000000          3435 ns/op        2130 B/op         18 allocs/op

fasthttp server:

$ GOMAXPROCS=4 go test -bench=kServerGet -benchmem -benchtime=10s
BenchmarkServerGet1ReqPerConn-4                             10000000          1141 ns/op           0 B/op          0 allocs/op
BenchmarkServerGet2ReqPerConn-4                             20000000           707 ns/op           0 B/op          0 allocs/op
BenchmarkServerGet10ReqPerConn-4                            30000000           341 ns/op           0 B/op          0 allocs/op
BenchmarkServerGet10KReqPerConn-4                           50000000           310 ns/op           0 B/op          0 allocs/op
BenchmarkServerGet1ReqPerConn10KClients-4                   10000000          1119 ns/op           0 B/op          0 allocs/op
BenchmarkServerGet2ReqPerConn10KClients-4                   20000000           644 ns/op           0 B/op          0 allocs/op
BenchmarkServerGet10ReqPerConn10KClients-4                  30000000           346 ns/op           0 B/op          0 allocs/op
BenchmarkServerGet100ReqPerConn10KClients-4                 50000000           282 ns/op           0 B/op          0 allocs/op

HTTP client comparison with net/http

In short, fasthttp client is up to 10 times faster than net/http. Below are benchmark results.

GOMAXPROCS=1

net/http client:

$ GOMAXPROCS=1 go test -bench='HTTPClient(Do|GetEndToEnd)' -benchmem -benchtime=10s
BenchmarkNetHTTPClientDoFastServer                       1000000         12567 ns/op        2616 B/op         35 allocs/op
BenchmarkNetHTTPClientGetEndToEnd1TCP                     200000         67030 ns/op        5028 B/op         56 allocs/op
BenchmarkNetHTTPClientGetEndToEnd10TCP                    300000         51098 ns/op        5031 B/op         56 allocs/op
BenchmarkNetHTTPClientGetEndToEnd100TCP                   300000         45096 ns/op        5026 B/op         55 allocs/op
BenchmarkNetHTTPClientGetEndToEnd1Inmemory                500000         24779 ns/op        5035 B/op         57 allocs/op
BenchmarkNetHTTPClientGetEndToEnd10Inmemory              1000000         26425 ns/op        5035 B/op         57 allocs/op
BenchmarkNetHTTPClientGetEndToEnd100Inmemory              500000         28515 ns/op        5045 B/op         57 allocs/op
BenchmarkNetHTTPClientGetEndToEnd1000Inmemory             500000         39511 ns/op        5096 B/op         56 allocs/op

fasthttp client:

$ GOMAXPROCS=1 go test -bench='kClient(Do|GetEndToEnd)' -benchmem -benchtime=10s
BenchmarkClientDoFastServer                             20000000           865 ns/op           0 B/op          0 allocs/op
BenchmarkClientGetEndToEnd1TCP                           1000000         18711 ns/op           0 B/op          0 allocs/op
BenchmarkClientGetEndToEnd10TCP                          1000000         14664 ns/op           0 B/op          0 allocs/op
BenchmarkClientGetEndToEnd100TCP                         1000000         14043 ns/op           1 B/op          0 allocs/op
BenchmarkClientGetEndToEnd1Inmemory                      5000000          3965 ns/op           0 B/op          0 allocs/op
BenchmarkClientGetEndToEnd10Inmemory                     3000000          4060 ns/op           0 B/op          0 allocs/op
BenchmarkClientGetEndToEnd100Inmemory                    5000000          3396 ns/op           0 B/op          0 allocs/op
BenchmarkClientGetEndToEnd1000Inmemory                   5000000          3306 ns/op           2 B/op          0 allocs/op

GOMAXPROCS=4

net/http client:

$ GOMAXPROCS=4 go test -bench='HTTPClient(Do|GetEndToEnd)' -benchmem -benchtime=10s
BenchmarkNetHTTPClientDoFastServer-4                         2000000          8774 ns/op        2619 B/op         35 allocs/op
BenchmarkNetHTTPClientGetEndToEnd1TCP-4                       500000         22951 ns/op        5047 B/op         56 allocs/op
BenchmarkNetHTTPClientGetEndToEnd10TCP-4                     1000000         19182 ns/op        5037 B/op         55 allocs/op
BenchmarkNetHTTPClientGetEndToEnd100TCP-4                    1000000         16535 ns/op        5031 B/op         55 allocs/op
BenchmarkNetHTTPClientGetEndToEnd1Inmemory-4                 1000000         14495 ns/op        5038 B/op         56 allocs/op
BenchmarkNetHTTPClientGetEndToEnd10Inmemory-4                1000000         10237 ns/op        5034 B/op         56 allocs/op
BenchmarkNetHTTPClientGetEndToEnd100Inmemory-4               1000000         10125 ns/op        5045 B/op         56 allocs/op
BenchmarkNetHTTPClientGetEndToEnd1000Inmemory-4              1000000         11132 ns/op        5136 B/op         56 allocs/op

fasthttp client:

$ GOMAXPROCS=4 go test -bench='kClient(Do|GetEndToEnd)' -benchmem -benchtime=10s
BenchmarkClientDoFastServer-4                               50000000           397 ns/op           0 B/op          0 allocs/op
BenchmarkClientGetEndToEnd1TCP-4                             2000000          7388 ns/op           0 B/op          0 allocs/op
BenchmarkClientGetEndToEnd10TCP-4                            2000000          6689 ns/op           0 B/op          0 allocs/op
BenchmarkClientGetEndToEnd100TCP-4                           3000000          4927 ns/op           1 B/op          0 allocs/op
BenchmarkClientGetEndToEnd1Inmemory-4                       10000000          1604 ns/op           0 B/op          0 allocs/op
BenchmarkClientGetEndToEnd10Inmemory-4                      10000000          1458 ns/op           0 B/op          0 allocs/op
BenchmarkClientGetEndToEnd100Inmemory-4                     10000000          1329 ns/op           0 B/op          0 allocs/op
BenchmarkClientGetEndToEnd1000Inmemory-4                    10000000          1316 ns/op           5 B/op          0 allocs/op

Install

go get -u github.com/valyala/fasthttp

Switching from net/http to fasthttp

Unfortunately, fasthttp doesn't provide API identical to net/http. See the FAQ for details. There is net/http -> fasthttp handler converter, but it is better to write fasthttp request handlers by hand in order to use all of the fasthttp advantages (especially high performance :) ).

Important points:

Use this brilliant tool - race detector - for detecting and eliminating data races in your program. If you detected data race related to fasthttp in your program, then there is high probability you forgot calling TimeoutError before returning from RequestHandler.

Performance optimization tips for multi-core systems

Fasthttp best practices

Tricks with []byte buffers

The following tricks are used by fasthttp. Use them in your code too.

// this for loop doesn't panic if src is nil for i, ch := range src { doSomething(i, ch) }


So throw away nil checks for `[]byte` buffers from you code. For example,
```go
srcLen := 0
if src != nil {
    srcLen = len(src)
}

becomes

srcLen := len(src)

func s2b(s string) (b []byte) { bh := (reflect.SliceHeader)(unsafe.Pointer(&b)) sh := (reflect.StringHeader)(unsafe.Pointer(&s)) bh.Data = sh.Data bh.Cap = sh.Len bh.Len = sh.Len return b }



### Warning:
This is an **unsafe** way, the result string and `[]byte` buffer share the same bytes.

**Please make sure not to modify the bytes in the `[]byte` buffer if the string still survives!**

## Related projects

  * [fasthttp](https://github.com/fasthttp) - various useful
    helpers for projects based on fasthttp.
  * [fasthttp-routing](https://github.com/qiangxue/fasthttp-routing) - fast and
    powerful routing package for fasthttp servers.
  * [http2](https://github.com/dgrr/http2) - HTTP/2 implementation for fasthttp.
  * [router](https://github.com/fasthttp/router) - a high
    performance fasthttp request router that scales well.
  * [fastws](https://github.com/fasthttp/fastws) - Bloatless WebSocket package made for fasthttp
    to handle Read/Write operations concurrently.
  * [gramework](https://github.com/gramework/gramework) - a web framework made by one of fasthttp maintainers
  * [lu](https://github.com/vincentLiuxiang/lu) - a high performance
    go middleware web framework which is based on fasthttp.
  * [websocket](https://github.com/fasthttp/websocket) - Gorilla-based
    websocket implementation for fasthttp.
  * [websocket](https://github.com/dgrr/websocket) - Event-based high-performance WebSocket library for zero-allocation
    websocket servers and clients.
  * [fasthttpsession](https://github.com/phachon/fasthttpsession) - a fast and powerful session package for fasthttp servers.
  * [atreugo](https://github.com/savsgio/atreugo) - High performance and extensible micro web framework with zero memory allocations in hot paths.
  * [kratgo](https://github.com/savsgio/kratgo) - Simple, lightweight and ultra-fast HTTP Cache to speed up your websites.
  * [kit-plugins](https://github.com/wencan/kit-plugins/tree/master/transport/fasthttp) - go-kit transport implementation for fasthttp.
  * [Fiber](https://github.com/gofiber/fiber) - An Expressjs inspired web framework running on Fasthttp
  * [Gearbox](https://github.com/gogearbox/gearbox) - :gear: gearbox is a web framework written in Go with a focus on high performance and memory optimization
  * [http2curl](https://github.com/li-jin-gou/http2curl) - A tool to convert fasthttp requests to curl command line

## FAQ

* *Why creating yet another http package instead of optimizing net/http?*

  Because net/http API limits many optimization opportunities.
  For example:
  * net/http Request object lifetime isn't limited by request handler execution
    time. So the server must create a new request object per each request instead
    of reusing existing objects like fasthttp does.
  * net/http headers are stored in a `map[string][]string`. So the server
    must parse all the headers, convert them from `[]byte` to `string` and put
    them into the map before calling user-provided request handler.
    This all requires unnecessary memory allocations avoided by fasthttp.
  * net/http client API requires creating a new response object per each request.

* *Why fasthttp API is incompatible with net/http?*

  Because net/http API limits many optimization opportunities. See the answer
  above for more details. Also certain net/http API parts are suboptimal
  for use:
  * Compare [net/http connection hijacking](https://pkg.go.dev/net/http#Hijacker)
    to [fasthttp connection hijacking](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/valyala/fasthttp#RequestCtx.Hijack).
  * Compare [net/http Request.Body reading](https://pkg.go.dev/net/http#Request)
    to [fasthttp request body reading](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/valyala/fasthttp#RequestCtx.PostBody).

* *Why fasthttp doesn't support HTTP/2.0 and WebSockets?*

  [HTTP/2.0 support](https://github.com/fasthttp/http2) is in progress. [WebSockets](https://github.com/fasthttp/websockets) has been done already.
  Third parties also may use [RequestCtx.Hijack](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/valyala/fasthttp#RequestCtx.Hijack)
  for implementing these goodies.

* *Are there known net/http advantages comparing to fasthttp?*

  Yes:
  * net/http supports [HTTP/2.0 starting from go1.6](https://pkg.go.dev/golang.org/x/net/http2).
  * net/http API is stable, while fasthttp API constantly evolves.
  * net/http handles more HTTP corner cases.
  * net/http can stream both request and response bodies
  * net/http can handle bigger bodies as it doesn't read the whole body into memory
  * net/http should contain less bugs, since it is used and tested by much
    wider audience.

* *Why fasthttp API prefers returning `[]byte` instead of `string`?*

  Because `[]byte` to `string` conversion isn't free - it requires memory
  allocation and copy. Feel free wrapping returned `[]byte` result into
  `string()` if you prefer working with strings instead of byte slices.
  But be aware that this has non-zero overhead.

* *Which GO versions are supported by fasthttp?*

  Go 1.21.x and newer. Older versions might work, but won't officially be supported.

* *Please provide real benchmark data and server information*

  See [this issue](https://github.com/valyala/fasthttp/issues/4).

* *Are there plans to add request routing to fasthttp?*

  There are no plans to add request routing into fasthttp.
  Use third-party routers and web frameworks with fasthttp support:

    * [fasthttp-routing](https://github.com/qiangxue/fasthttp-routing)
    * [router](https://github.com/fasthttp/router)
    * [gramework](https://github.com/gramework/gramework)
    * [lu](https://github.com/vincentLiuxiang/lu)
    * [atreugo](https://github.com/savsgio/atreugo)
    * [Fiber](https://github.com/gofiber/fiber)
    * [Gearbox](https://github.com/gogearbox/gearbox)

  See also [this issue](https://github.com/valyala/fasthttp/issues/9) for more info.

* *I detected data race in fasthttp!*

  Cool! [File a bug](https://github.com/valyala/fasthttp/issues/new). But before
  doing this check the following in your code:

  * Make sure there are no references to [RequestCtx](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/valyala/fasthttp#RequestCtx)
  or to its' members after returning from [RequestHandler](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/valyala/fasthttp#RequestHandler).
  * Make sure you call [TimeoutError](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/valyala/fasthttp#RequestCtx.TimeoutError)
  before returning from [RequestHandler](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/valyala/fasthttp#RequestHandler)
  if there are references to [RequestCtx](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/valyala/fasthttp#RequestCtx)
  or to its' members, which may be accessed by other goroutines.

* *I didn't find an answer for my question here*

  Try exploring [these questions](https://github.com/valyala/fasthttp/issues?q=label%3Aquestion).