Update: Drupal 8 now uses PHPUnit for its unit tests. It still uses simpletest for its system tests. Upal's purpose as a showcase and proof of concept has been fulfilled and no further work is expected.
Drupal's test suite based on PHPUnit (http://www.phpunit.de/).
phpunit --configuration /path/to/upal/phpunit.xml FilterUnitTestCase core/modules/filter/filter.test
phpunit --debug --configuration /path/to/upal/phpunit.xml core/modules/book/book.test
Upal requires PHPUnit 3.5 or later; installing with PEAR is easiest.
On Linux/OSX: sudo apt-get install php5-curl php-pear sudo pear upgrade --force PEAR sudo pear channel-discover pear.phpunit.de sudo pear channel-discover components.ez.no sudo pear channel-discover pear.symfony-project.com sudo pear install --alldeps phpunit/PHPUnit
On Windows: Download and save from go-pear.phar http://pear.php.net/go-pear.phar
php -q go-pear.phar pear channel-discover pear.phpunit.de pear channel-discover components.ez.no pear channel-discover pear.symfony-project.com pear install --alldeps phpunit/PHPUnit